Energy policy and the energy market in the EU states: a retrospective view

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Janusz Soboń ◽  
Stepanov Alexander Annarovich Annarovich ◽  
Savina Margarita Vitalievna ◽  
Mikhail Rybin
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Retrospective View ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the article is to present the most important goals in energy policy to be achieved in the near term in the context of sustainable development. The starting point for the analysis is the assessment of the condition of the energy sector, as goals and tasks result from a number of circumstances and conditions of the energy supply sector. The strategic goals of climate and energy policies presented in the study show the necessary challenges for the implementation of sustainable development within the analyzed sector, which is the driving force world economies.

EU–Russian Energy Links: A Marriage of Convenience?

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Mutual Interest ◽  
Eu Energy Policy ◽  
European Markets ◽  
Energy Supply Security ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThis article explores issues of energy supply security from the perspective of the EU–Russian energy relationship and of competing foreign energy policy paradigms. Using approaches developed by Peter Rutland within the context of Russia's energy policy towards the CIS and the three pillars of EU energy policy as a starting point, the article concludes that the overall EU–Russian energy relationship can be best explained through a framework of mutual interest and dependency: that is, the EU is becoming increasingly, but not totally, dependent on Russian energy, particularly gas; and Russia is becoming increasingly, but not totally, dependent on European markets. Nevertheless, other paradigms continue to yield useful insights in relation to individual components of the EU–Russian energy relationship.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXTERNAL ENERGY POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

2013 ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
N. Y. Kaveshnikov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regulatory Activity ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
The Eu

The article analyses development of external energy policy of the European Union (EU). In spite of the Lisbon treaty didn’t substantially expend EU powers in external energy policy, European Commission (EC) became more active in recent years. Decision on exchange of information about bilateral energy agreements between Member States (MSs) and third countries may deprive producers of opportunity to differentiate terms of infrastructure projects and energy supply in different MSs. European Commission participation in MSs negotiations with third countries as a guardian of energy market provisions will inevitably increase negotiation power of MSs. Nevertheless, only smooth and modest extension of powers of the EC would be possible because of opposition of numerous countries which makes a search of consensus very difficult. Among priority activities of the EU external energy policy one could identify ‘export’ of energy market provisions in neighbor countries; diversification of suppliers and prioritization of politically selected supply routes; dramatic increase of regulatory activity at EU level. All these activities are partially successful, but they all have some shortages. Several EU legislative and regulatory measures risk to run counter to existing obligations of MSs.

Motivation of EU Energy Policy towards Russia

2011 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
I. Pashkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Eu Energy Policy ◽  
Domestic Energy ◽  
The Eu

Motivation of the energy policy of the European Union towards Russia is driven by two factors. The first is the dependence of the EU on obtaining most of its energy supplies from Russia. The second factor consists of two fears (one spurious and another hypothetical) that Russia won’t deliver necessary volumes of energy to the European domestic energy market. Strange enough, these fears co-exist with the EU repeatedly confirming the fact of Russia compliance with its commitments of energy supply to the EU member states.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Implementation of Cohesion Policy on the Sustainable Development of EU Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Pîrvu ◽  
Cristian Drăgan ◽  
Gheorghe Axinte ◽  
Sorin Dinulescu ◽  
Mihaela Lupăncescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Member States ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Official Data ◽  
The Eu

The impact of implementation of cohesion policy on the sustainable development of EU countries is of great interest and presents a number of actual challenges. This research aims to evaluate the impact and the effects of the cohesion policy among the Member States using hierarchical clustering analysis in order to identify how the selected variables affect the sustainable development adopted models. The variables used in the analysis were selected on the basis of official data provided by the European Commission, SDG Index and Dashboards Reports and the EU Cohesion Monitor. The results of the research have led to the grouping of the 28 Member States in a number of six clusters, identifying performers but also those countries that have a high potential for sustainable development or which require increased attention to be sustained in recovering existing gaps. The results of the study can be a starting point for policy makers and other stakeholders involved in their efforts to support sustainable development through effective and effective policies.

scholarly journals Securitization of Energy Supply within the European Integration

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-81
Author(s):  
Y. V. Borovsky ◽  
O. V. Shishkina
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
The Eu

The article uses the constructivist securitization concept to analyze the European Economic Community (EEC), and the European Union (EU) approaches to ensuring energy security. It seeks to establish whether the energy supply has been securitized within the European integration process and if so when it happened. The literature review does not give a definitive and comprehensive answer to this question which is essential for all the history of the EEC and the EU. The authors of this study use an extensive documentary database available on the EU websites. They established that for the EEC/EU the energy policy securitization is a long-lasting ongoing process that came into being in 1973. Within the European integration, the securitization is justified by the dependency of the member states on the imported energy resources, which is regarded through the prism of securing reliable, affordable, and (since 2000s) environmentally sustainable supply. The authors identified two waves of energy supply securitization in the EEC/EU. The first wave was triggered by the oil embargo of the OPEC Arab countries and, generally, the world oil crisis of 1973-1974. The second wave of the 2000s and 2010s was triggered by the Russian-Ukrainian gas conflicts of 2006 and 2009 and the sharp deterioration of Russian-Ukrainian relations in 2014. For both waves, the Commission was the main ‘securitizing actor’. However, during the second wave, the European Parliament, some EU countries, and even the United States made their own ‘securitizing moves’. The ‘audience’ (EEC/EU countries) expressed its opinion towards the ‘securitizing moves’ through the European Council and the Council decisions. The research conclusions can be useful for a profound scientific explanation of the EU energy policy as well as for the operationalization of the securitization concept.

scholarly journals Sustainable energy

2020 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 00007
Author(s):  
A. Contin
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Technological Solution ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Starting Point

A brief overview of why it is important to think of energy in a sustainable way is given. The starting point is that the future of mankind depends on a sufficient energy supply, both in terms of electric power and liquid fuels, at present based on fossile resources. A shift of paradigm towards Sustainable Development is needed, based on ethical considerations and on some legal rules. A possible technological solution to the liquid fuel problem is also presented.

scholarly journals Sustainable Development and Energy Policy: Actual CO2 Emissions in the European Union in the Years 1997–2017, Considering Trade with China and the USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Fortuński
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Eu Energy Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

One of the ways of implementing the concept of sustainable development by the European Union is their energy policy. Among the three main objectives in its energy policy is a reduction in greenhouse gases (mainly CO2) emissions to at least 20% below 1990 levels by 2020. This study aims to assess the impact of international trade on actual CO2 emission in the EU, China and the USA for the period 1997–2017. For this aim, the Actual-Open CO2 emissions were calculated, taking into account the transfer of CO2 in exported products and services from China and the USA to the EU and vice versa. It is concluded that the actual CO2 emissions in China, the USA, and the EU differed from the traditionally calculated emissions. This has serious consequences for policy, as the factual level of implementation of the EU energy policy goals may be different from what is assumed. Without including the goals of energy policy into trade policy, the effectiveness of measures may be limited. This also has implications for the effectiveness of environmental management systems. When improvements rely on increasing trade with large CO2 emitting countries, the final effect may be opposed to the assumed effect.

Multilevel Energy Policy in the EU: Paving the Way for Renewables?

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Calliess ◽  
Christian Calliess ◽  
Christian Hey
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Eu Energy Policy ◽  
The Eu

The legal and political interrelations between national and EU energy policy competencies and the actual policies are multifaceted. In order to understand those interrelations properly one has to analyse both the formal competencies of the EU as enshrined in the Lisbon Treaty and the actual EU policies with their direct and indirect impact on the choice of energy sources. The Treaty grants the EU competence as regards (a) the functioning of the energy market; (b) security of energy supply in the Union; (c) promotion of energy efficiency and energy saving and the development of new and renewable forms of energy; and (d) promotion of the interconnection of energy networks. However, Member States remain in control of choosing between different energy sources and the general structure of their energy supply. Any decision affecting this national competence must be adopted by a unanimous vote of the European Council. EU renewable energy support policy needs to develop within the framework of these mixed and multifaceted competences. Our overall argument is that easy fixes do not work. Considering the different national preferences regarding the energy mix, it is premature to ask for a full-fledged EU energy competence leading to a harmonised support system for renewables. Besides which, the emerging climate and renewables policies could also be a driver for deepened energy integration – rather as a bottom-up than a top-down process. In that sense a framework for 2030 with clear goals for climate mitigation, renewables shares and efficiency are of pivotal importance for the transition towards a low carbon economy by 2050.

scholarly journals Circular economy and sustainable development in the EU — some aspects and trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Kliment Naydenov ◽  
Dimitar Atanasov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Infrastructure Policy ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
Traditional Economy ◽  
The Eu

The main objective of the present study is to prove that the implementation of the circular economy within sustainable development allows the creation of conditions for future development and helps to make informed decisions for the implementation of the strategic goals for development of the Cohesion policy and the circular economy are not only a matter of infrastructure policy, but also of social cohesion and solidarity. They provide answers to the challenges facing local and regional communities about ways to tackle the most important climate problems. In the article are used primary data and secondary sources and the use of both, which is termed triangulation, or dual methodology. Primary data, which we used, is the data collected by us, i.e. interview, observation, questionnaires. Secondary sources used in the article are data that already exists — previous research, official statistics, mass media products, government reports, web information, historical data and information. The results of the survey will prove that, in the context of circular economy implying the adaptation of sustainable development to the requirements of the competitive international and EU market, circular economy is the most adequate instrument that can consolidate the efforts of the regional authorities, business structures, public organizations and others in addressing the problems of transformation of traditional economy in new EU economy related to nature safety.

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