Web Service Applications and Consumer Environments Based on ICT-Driven Optimization

Networking is the use of physical links to connect individual isolated workstations or hosts together to form data links for the purpose of resource sharing and communication. In the field of web service application and consumer environment optimization, it has been shown that the introduction of network embedding methods can effectively alleviate the problems such as data sparsity in the recommendation process. However, existing network embedding methods mostly target a specific structure of network and do not collaborate with multiple relational networks from the root. Therefore, this paper proposes a service recommendation model based on the hybrid embedding of multiple networks and designs a multinetwork hybrid embedding recommendation algorithm. First, the user social relationship network and the user service heterogeneous information network are constructed; then, the embedding vectors of users and services in the same vector space are obtained through multinetwork hybrid embedding learning; finally, the representation vectors of users and services are applied to recommend services to target users. To verify the effectiveness of this paper’s method, a comparative analysis is conducted with a variety of representative service recommendation methods on three publicly available datasets, and the experimental results demonstrate that this paper’s multinetwork hybrid embedding method can effectively collaborate with multirelationship networks to improve service recommendation quality, in terms of recommendation efficiency and accuracy.

NPBS database: a chemical data resource with relational data between natural products and biological sources

NPBS (Natural Products & Biological Sources) database is a chemical data resource with relational data between natural products and biological sources, manually curated from literatures of natural product research. The relational data links a specific species and all the natural products derived from it, contrarily, links a specific natural product and all the biological sources. The biological sources cover diverse species of plant, bacterial, fungal and marine organism, the natural molecules have proper chemical structure data and computable molecular properties, and all the relational data have corresponding references. NPBS database provides a wider choice of biological sources, and can be used for dereplication to prevent re-isolation and re-characterization of already known natural products.

Utilization of differential pulse position modulation in designing time-mode serial data links

A new differential time-based architecture for use in serial communication data links is presented in this thesis, the main idea of which involves transmitting the difference between the input clock signal and the data signal to the receiver. A time to digital converter (TDC) is then used to demodulate the data from the differential pulse position modulated signal. The proposed design substantiates an improvement in the bandwidth and simplifies the circuit complexity of the currently used serializer de-serializers (SerDes). Additionally, a feature of testability that covers different stuck-at faults was proposed to be implemented in the transmitter side of the proposed architecture. The complete proposed design was tested in TSMC 65 nm CMOS technology; it achieved a data rate of 10 Gbps running at the input clock frequency of 1.25 GHz. Moreover, a complete study of different components of a time mode transceiver architecture was performed during which different design implementation of TDC and phase locked loop (PLL) were thoroughly investigated. Last but not the least, different factors that are mainly imposed by the communication channel that affect the signal integrity were studied, and various methods both from a signal and a circuit point of view were investigated.

Utilization of differential pulse position modulation in designing time-mode serial data links

A new differential time-based architecture for use in serial communication data links is presented in this thesis, the main idea of which involves transmitting the difference between the input clock signal and the data signal to the receiver. A time to digital converter (TDC) is then used to demodulate the data from the differential pulse position modulated signal. The proposed design substantiates an improvement in the bandwidth and simplifies the circuit complexity of the currently used serializer de-serializers (SerDes). Additionally, a feature of testability that covers different stuck-at faults was proposed to be implemented in the transmitter side of the proposed architecture. The complete proposed design was tested in TSMC 65 nm CMOS technology; it achieved a data rate of 10 Gbps running at the input clock frequency of 1.25 GHz. Moreover, a complete study of different components of a time mode transceiver architecture was performed during which different design implementation of TDC and phase locked loop (PLL) were thoroughly investigated. Last but not the least, different factors that are mainly imposed by the communication channel that affect the signal integrity were studied, and various methods both from a signal and a circuit point of view were investigated.

A low-voltage CMOS current-mode incremental signaling scheme for high-speed parallel links

Point-to-point parallel links are widly used in short-distance high-speed data communications. For these links, the design goal is not only to integrate a large number of I/Os in the systems, but also to increase the bit rate per I/O. The cost per I/O has to be kept low as performance improves. Voltage and timing error sources limit the performance of data links and affect its robustnest. These kinds of noise impose greater challenges in parallel data links, such as inter-signal timing skew and inter-signal cross-talk. The use of low-cost schemes, such as single-ended signaling, is effected signaficantly [sic] by the voltage and timging [sic] noise. Fully differential signaling schemes, two physical paths per signal channel, significantly increases the cost of system. Therefore, overcoming the voltage noise, keeping the cost low are two challenges in high-speed parallel links. In this thesis, we propose a new current-mode signaling scheme current-mode incremtnal [sic] signaling for high-speed parallel links. Also, the circuits of the receiver called current-integrating receiver are presented. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed signaling scheme, a 4-bit parallel link consisting of four bipolar current-mode drivers, five 10 cm microstrip lines with a FR4 substrate, and four proposed current-integrating receivers is implemented in UMC 0.13[micro]m, 1.2V CMOS technology and analyzed using SpectreRF from Cadence Design Systems with BSIM3V3 device models. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed current-mode incremental signaling scheme and the current-integrating receiver are capable of transmitting parallel data at 2.5 Gbyte/s.

Adaptive decision feedback equalization for multi-Gbps data links

Channel equalization combats the effects of the imperfection of wire channels. This dissertation deals with adaptive decision feedback channel equalization. The dissertation starts with an in depth study of the challenges encountered in the design of adaptive DFE and techniques that address these challenges. Various 2-dimensional eye-opening monitors (EOMs) based adaptive DFE are proposed and implemented. A novel 2-dimensional hexagon EOM is proposed and its effectiveness is validated using simulation. A simplified and power efficient 2-dimensional hexagon EOM is also introduced. Both EOMs are capable of differentiating the severity of the violation of the minimum eye-opening so as to allow the DFE to take different actions adaptively and achieve desired eye-opening more rapidly. A maximum-jitter EOM-based adaptive DFE is also introduced to greatly reduce system complexity. The adaptive DFE is taped out in a 130nm 1.2V CMOS technology and finally an improved adaptive engine that outperforms DFE utilizing sign-sign least-mean-square is proposed.

Adaptive decision feedback equalization for multi-Gbps data links

Channel equalization combats the effects of the imperfection of wire channels. This dissertation deals with adaptive decision feedback channel equalization. The dissertation starts with an in depth study of the challenges encountered in the design of adaptive DFE and techniques that address these challenges. Various 2-dimensional eye-opening monitors (EOMs) based adaptive DFE are proposed and implemented. A novel 2-dimensional hexagon EOM is proposed and its effectiveness is validated using simulation. A simplified and power efficient 2-dimensional hexagon EOM is also introduced. Both EOMs are capable of differentiating the severity of the violation of the minimum eye-opening so as to allow the DFE to take different actions adaptively and achieve desired eye-opening more rapidly. A maximum-jitter EOM-based adaptive DFE is also introduced to greatly reduce system complexity. The adaptive DFE is taped out in a 130nm 1.2V CMOS technology and finally an improved adaptive engine that outperforms DFE utilizing sign-sign least-mean-square is proposed.

A low-voltage CMOS current-mode incremental signaling scheme for high-speed parallel links

Point-to-point parallel links are widly used in short-distance high-speed data communications. For these links, the design goal is not only to integrate a large number of I/Os in the systems, but also to increase the bit rate per I/O. The cost per I/O has to be kept low as performance improves. Voltage and timing error sources limit the performance of data links and affect its robustnest. These kinds of noise impose greater challenges in parallel data links, such as inter-signal timing skew and inter-signal cross-talk. The use of low-cost schemes, such as single-ended signaling, is effected signaficantly [sic] by the voltage and timging [sic] noise. Fully differential signaling schemes, two physical paths per signal channel, significantly increases the cost of system. Therefore, overcoming the voltage noise, keeping the cost low are two challenges in high-speed parallel links. In this thesis, we propose a new current-mode signaling scheme current-mode incremtnal [sic] signaling for high-speed parallel links. Also, the circuits of the receiver called current-integrating receiver are presented. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed signaling scheme, a 4-bit parallel link consisting of four bipolar current-mode drivers, five 10 cm microstrip lines with a FR4 substrate, and four proposed current-integrating receivers is implemented in UMC 0.13[micro]m, 1.2V CMOS technology and analyzed using SpectreRF from Cadence Design Systems with BSIM3V3 device models. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed current-mode incremental signaling scheme and the current-integrating receiver are capable of transmitting parallel data at 2.5 Gbyte/s.

Living and Prototyping Digital Twins for Urban Water Systems: Towards Multi-Purpose Value Creation Using Models and Sensors

In this paper, we review the emerging concept of digital twins (DTs) for urban water systems (UWS) based on the literature, stakeholder interviews and analyzing the current DT implementation process in the utility company VCS Denmark (VCS). Here, DTs for UWS are placed in the context of DTs at the component, unit process/operation or hydraulic structure, treatment plant, system, city, and societal levels. A UWS DT is characterized as a systematic virtual representation of the elements and dynamics of the physical system, organized in a star-structure with a set of features connected by data links that are based on standards for open data. This allows the overall functionality to be broken down into smaller, tangible units (features), enabling microservices that communicate via data links to emerge (the most central feature), facilitated by application programing interfaces (APIs). Coupled to the physical system, simulation models and advanced analytics are among the most important features. We propose distinguishing between living and prototyping DTs, where the term “living” refers to coupling observations from an ever-changing physical twin (which may change with, e.g., urban growth) with a simulation model, through a data link connecting the two. A living DT is thus a near real-time representation of an UWS and can be used for operational and control purposes. A prototyping DT represents a scenario for the system without direct coupling to real-time observations, which can be used for design or planning. By acknowledging that different DTs exist, it is possible to identify the value-creation from DTs achieved by different end-users inside and outside a utility organization. Analyzing the DT workflow in VCS shows that a DT must be multifunctional, updateable, and adjustable to support potential value creation across the utility company. This study helps clarify key DT terminology for UWS and identifies steps to create a DT by building upon digital ecosystems (DEs) and open standards for data.