Lateral Position Measurement Based on Vehicles’ Longitudinal Displacement

The lateral position of a vehicle in its lane is crucial information required to develop intelligent assistant driving systems. Current studies reveal this information by mixing multiple sources such as cameras, LiDAR or accurate GNSS. Because these systems are not efficient in some degraded weather conditions, a cooperative Vehicle-to-Infrastructure sensor has been developed to help to determine lateral position of a vehicle in its lane. In this paper, the authors propose a completely new and original way to estimate lateral position of the vehicle in its lane using the longitudinal displacement. Using a system based on a hyper-frequency interaction between a transceiver module embedded in the vehicle and passive transponders that can be integrated in the road, for instance under the lane markings, a new signal processing algorithm is presented in order to determine the lateral distance between the vehicle and the transponder axis. The sensor has been tested in an external environment and has shown an estimated lateral distance error of 8 cm at most.

The Issue of Data Exchange in the UHF Band RFID System with an Semi-Passive Transponder

The article discusses the specifics of data exchange in the UHF band RFID systems using semi-passive transponders. In addition to the antenna and the RFID chip, there is also an additional source of energy (eg. battery) in the structure of such transponder. The battery may be used to implement additional functions such as the ability to measure physical quantities (eg. temperature, humidity). In this regard, particular attention was paid to the discussion of phases of communication between transponder and RWD associated with additional data (measurement results). An analysis of transmitted data frames has been presented. The preliminary results of the measurements have shown that the number of memory block transmitted from transponder has an impact on the effectiveness of RFID system.

Modelling and Design of HF RFID Passive Transponders with Additional Energy Harvester

The huge progress in electronics technology and RFID technique gives the opportunity to implement additional features in transponders. It should be noted that either passive or semipassive transponders are supplied with energy that is derived from the electromagnetic field generated by the read/write device and its antenna. This power source is used to conduct radio-communication process and excess energy could be used to power the extra electronic circuits, but the problem is to determine the additional power load impact on the RFID system proper operation and size of interrogation zone. The ability to power the supplementary electronic blocks applied in the HF passive transponders is discussed in detail this paper. The simulation model and test samples with a harvester that recovers energy from the electromagnetic field of read/write device and its antenna have been developed in order to conduct investigations. The harvested energy has been utilized to supply a microprocessor acquisition block for LTCC pressure sensor developed in research previously described by authors.

The Multitag Microwave RFID System with Extended Operation Range

The problems of radio frequency identification are discussed. It was shown that the use of passive transponders is preferable, but weak energy of system in this case reduces the operation distance and decreases the noise-immunity of the system. The problems of traditional radio-frequency identification systems are discussed. In this chapter the use of homodyne method of useful signal selecting was proposed. The augmentation signal of transponder was obtained by means of frequency shift with the help of controlled phase shifter. This solution allows to increase the energy and the noise-immunity of the system (the operation distance is increased). Furthermore, the interrogator can treat several transponders simultaneously in this case. Additionally the use of one-port transistor amplifier for increasing of operation range was proposed. The energy consumption of such amplifier and its cost are very low, but the gain of amplifier can reach 20 dB and more.