The Attributional–Counterfactual Theory of Need: Integrating Theories to Predict Need Norm Use

The justice literature has coalesced around the notion that actors (e.g., supervisors) tend to utilize the norm of equity for resource allocation decisions because it is generally considered most fair when employees who contribute more to the organization receive more resources. Yet, actors might sometimes utilize a need norm to allocate resources to those most in need. Studies that have addressed need-based resource allocations have assumed a relatively straightforward conceptualization of need. However, research from related areas suggests that multiple characteristics of the need itself could trigger actors’ use of a need norm to allocate resources. We advance a theoretical framework that outlines various need characteristics that drive actors’ use of a need norm. The framework draws on the processes outlined in attribution theory and integrates those with the content domains addressed in fairness theory. A discussion of the implications for justice, attribution, and fairness theory research follows.

A Research on the Assessment and Evaluation Mechanism of Ideological and Political Course Teachers in Colleges and Universities

In ideological and political education in colleges and universities, ideological and political theory courses are the main channel of ideological and political education, and the key to running ideological and political theory courses lies in teachers. The establishment and improvement of the assessment and evaluation mechanism of ideological and political course teachers will effectively improve the curriculum effect of ideological and political theory courses. However, while the construction of the assessment and evaluation mechanism for ideological and political teachers in colleges and universities in China has achieved certain results, there are still some unsolved problems, such as the lack of an assessment and assessment that matches the characteristics of ideological and political teachers. Standards and ideological and political course teacher assessment and evaluation mechanisms have guiding deviations. This article uses fairness theory and expected valence theory to analyze and explore the reasons for problems in the assessment and evaluation mechanism of ideological and political teachers in colleges, and put forward constructive suggestions on how to establish and improve the assessment and evaluation mechanism of ideological and political teachers in colleges.

Making Sense of “Good” and “Bad”: A Deonance and Fairness Approach to Abusive Supervision and Prosocial Impact

This article challenges the unidimensional view of abusive supervisors and examines how employees respond to abuse when the transgressing boss also has a positive impact on others. Drawing on deonance and fairness theory, we propose competing hypotheses about the influence of prosocial impact. Specifically, we use deonance theory to suggest that prosocial impact might buffer the effects of abusive supervision. Alternatively, we incorporate fairness theory to predict that prosocial impact strengthens injustice perceptions and thereby worsens consequences of abuse. Two field studies show support for fairness theory, demonstrating that employees perceive greater injustice, and show stronger retaliatory behaviors, when the abusive supervisor makes a positive difference in the workplace. A final field study replicates these results, while also testing the underlying cognitive process employees use to assess the interplay between “good” and “bad” supervisory characteristics. This article contributes insights to abusive supervision, prosocial impact, organizational justice, and behavioral ethics literatures.

Implementation of Fairness Theory in Minimum Wages Policy for Small and Medium Enterprise in Indonesia

Wage Minimum always gives disparity in political power and lawmaker since it is tough to describe how to determine individual wages. For this reason, the wage minimum is a dilemma for workers and employers. Fairness conception for wage minimum is a solution to this problem. The fairness conception will guide the wage minimum to the supreme law. Although there are so many regulations concerning wage minimum, there are still many problems that arise, including break the law of wage minimum. The rules must consider the balance of interest between workers and employers to reduce disobedience of minimum wage.

Recovering co-created service failures: the missing link of perceived justice and ethicalness

Purpose Drawing on the fairness theory, this paper aims to propose a conceptual framework that investigates how co-creation in the failed service delivery (coproduction intensity) and co-creation in the service recovery affect customers’ evaluation of the firm’s competence, justice and ethicalness, and ultimately their willingness to co-create in the future. Design/methodology/approach Tax services were chosen as the research context. A consumer panel consisting of individuals who live in the USA and have used tax preparation services within the past year was recruited. The first study explores what happens to customers’ ethical perceptions during a failed co-created service encounter. A secondary study investigates what happens to customers’ ethical perceptions in the event that the failed co-created service is recovered. Findings The findings show that customers’ perceptions of the firm’s abilities and ethics are impeded by coproduction intensity but favorably influenced by co-creation of recovery. Practical implications A sense of ethicalness and fairness is violated when co-created service failure occurs, but fortunately, practitioners can count on engaging customers in the service recovery process as co-creators of the solution to positively alter perceived ethicalness and fairness. Originality/value Failed co-created services represent an under-researched area in the marketing literature. Current investigations of co-created service failures have largely approached the notion of fairness from a perceived justice perspective without referencing ethical judgments. However, fairness is grounded in basic ethical assumptions of normative treatment. This research is among the first to highlight the importance of perceived ethicalness in the context of co-created service failure and recovery.

Why Do Patients Move from Online Health Platforms to Hospitals? The Perspectives of Fairness Theory and Brand Extension Theory

Online healthcare services are growing rapidly. Patients can receive health support through communication with online health professionals. However, previous research on eHealth has focused on patients’ online behavioral intentions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of online patient–doctor communication on offline behavioral intentions and to propose a conceptual model for eHealth. We integrate fairness theory and band extension theory to develop a research model. This is further tested by structural equation modeling (SEM), with 279 valid sets of data from patients on the online health platform. Using partial least squares analysis (PLS), the results show that perceived fairness is an important factor affecting online satisfaction and the willingness to ask online doctors, which in turn has a positive impact on the willingness to go to offline doctors. These findings shed light on the research model for eHealth and offer suggestions for improving patients’ online satisfaction, as well as both online and offline behavioral intentions.