Analisis Balance of Interest dalam Studi Kasus Kepentingan Turki Melakukan Kerja Sama dengan Rusia di Suriah pada 2016 – 2019

When the Arab Spring swept through the Arab world as far as Syria, Turkey and Russia were not on the same side. Turkey demand a regime change, while Russia supports the regime. The relationship between the two countries was also exacerbated by the downing of the Sukhoi-24 jet which led Russia to impose a number of sanctions on Turkey. However, from 2016 to 2019, the relationship between the two has started to improve. This was marked by various cooperation to end the civil war in Syria. Based on the theory of balance of power, Turkey should balance against Russia because every country always try to prevent one country from dominating. Instead they both cooperate. The military intervention carried out by Russia in Syria in 2015 can be analysed as an attempt to change the global balance of power, while Turkey can be categorized as a regional rising power. This article tries to answer: why Turkey choose to cooperate with Russia in Syria? I argue that the change in the Turkey's foreign policy during the AKP's increasingly harsher against the Kurds. This caused friction with the US, so that Turkey establish strategic relations with Russia to fight Kurdish in Syria.

Implementation of Fairness Theory in Minimum Wages Policy for Small and Medium Enterprise in Indonesia

Wage Minimum always gives disparity in political power and lawmaker since it is tough to describe how to determine individual wages. For this reason, the wage minimum is a dilemma for workers and employers. Fairness conception for wage minimum is a solution to this problem. The fairness conception will guide the wage minimum to the supreme law. Although there are so many regulations concerning wage minimum, there are still many problems that arise, including break the law of wage minimum. The rules must consider the balance of interest between workers and employers to reduce disobedience of minimum wage.

Models for Managing Stakeholder Interaction at Transnational Corporations in the Tourism and Hospitality Sector

The article focuses on the relationship among the management of transnational corporations in the tourism and hospitality sector; on a fair balance of interest; and on communication with stakeholders. The study aims at analyzing, generalizing and systematizing various models of managing interaction among the stakeholders of transnational corporations in the tourism and hospitality sector by sharing the functions of management and control among them. The subject of the study is the organizational and economic relations that arise in the process of controlling interaction between the management of transnational corporations in the tourism and hospitality sector and all the stakeholders. To work out the problem, various methodological approaches were used, including the systemic approach, methods of logical and comparative analysis, and theoretical approaches to managing and modeling social systems and organizational structures. As a result, it has been found out that the management models of stakeholder interaction at transnational corporations in the tourism and hospitality sector have evolved, from the standpoint of exclusive attention to investors and related economic expectations, to the acceptance of commitment to increasing the significance of all the parties concerned and taking over global (economic, social and environmental) responsibility/ The research materials and its practical conclusions can be used: in the work of authorities at the macro- and meso-levels when developing variants for managing interaction among the stakeholders of transnational corporations in the process of regulating direct investment, program and forecast and project design, development strategies for macro- and meso-economic entities in the tourism and hospitality sector; in the activity of international tour operators, hotel and restaurant chains and networks interested in improving their efficiency.

The Need for a Collective Social Conscience

As the public orders in the global community, in particular being liberal or illiberal, have lost their “social conscience”, we build on lessons learned to create better circumstances, rather than simply making historic judgements. All while striving to reinvigorate the “social conscience” with a greater sense of collectiveness to provide a more comprehensive order for a new global culture. The goal here is to determine how best to regenerate a wider understanding of the “common good” amongst our societies, and how to ensure that we as “peoples” appreciate and embrace collectiveness and determine that our decisions will increasingly have a greater “social conscience” collectively. In a world of globalization, it is important to understand the interconnectedness of people and systems alike. Decisions built on an understanding of the “common good” and “social conscience” will ultimately have a wider influence on a potential global culture willing to reap benefits of individual assets and achievements. Changing from a “balance of power and authority” driven systems to ones driven by different systems is an attempt to achieve a “balance of interest” is due. A paradigm shift should be in force, whereby marginalization and inequality will be reduced; yet not erased. With this critical juncture in the 21st century, it is imperative to rethink the common good. As well as, reinvigorate the “social conscience” and collective sense which are essential to facing the ever-changing global order.

ENFORCEMENT PATTERN OF CRIMINAL LAW BASED ON HUMANITY VALUES IN THE UTILITY PRINCIPAL PERSPECTIVE

[Enforcement Pattern Of Criminal Law Based On Humanity Values In The Utility Principal Perspective] The current Criminal Code is laden with weaknesses, so it is urgent to be replaced by a law-oriented Criminal Code that is closer to the characteristics of the Muslim law (Custom and Law Family), which features Indonesian characteristics (moving from the collective and personal order, reflecting the nation's political ideology ) of Pancasila. One of the selected Pancasila values ​​is humanitarian value. Human values ​​are values ​​that show respect for human beings, because they are essentially legal to human beings. In the realm of material criminal law, human values ​​are reflected in the principle of individualization of punishment (the principle of individuality, flexibility, modification, forgiveness, and culpability), as seen in the National Criminal Code Bill. Not accommodating humanitarian values ​​in the formulation stage will be fatal at the law enforcement stage, but it is also fatal if the error in the formulation stage is left at law enforcement stage, so it is necessary to nationalize the pattern of criminal law enforcement one of them based on humanitarian value, less focus on punishment, contain prevention strategies, strategies for imposition of prison criminal sanctions are ultimum remedium, benefit strategy and balance of interest protection and restoration of relations between perpetrators, victims, community and state, social defense strategy with a rational policy approach that includes the use of economic approach , productive action strategies and contribute to national development in order to realize the legal objectives of benefits. Keywords: Value, Humanity, Pancasila, Enforcement, Benefit.