Prevalence of anemia among school girl children and effectiveness of supplementation intervention

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a major public health issue worldwide, especially in developing countries. Anemia prevalence in young children, particularly girls, continues to remain high in most parts of India and Asia. Aims and objectives were to study the prevalence of anemia (IDA) among school girl children of age group between 5-16 years and to assess the effectiveness of iron-folic acid supplements and iron rich diet.Methods: The study was conducted among 558 school girls in the age group between 5-16 years (1st to 10th standard) at a Kendriya Vidyalaya in Punjab. The study group was checked for their hemoglobin level. Health education regarding prevention of anemia was imparted to girls and their parents followed by daily iron-folic acid supplement. Their hemoglobin was again checked after three months of supplementation.Results: The prevalence of anemia in the study group was 65%. After the intervention, the Hb level was significantly increased as shown by increase in mean and SD of Hb% from 9.75±1.24 to 11.66±0.98. The data was analyzed in two age groups, 5-10 years and 11-16 years, to check for any significant variation in their Hb levels. Though there was difference in prevalence of anemia in these age groups, the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions: The study showed that prevalence of anemia is 65% and is still one of the major public health issues among school going girl children of all age. In addition to pre-school and adolescent girls, we also need to focus on pre-puberty girls, as anemia is equally prevalent among them.

Analisis Konflik Batin Dan Mekanisme Pertahanan Tokoh Sasaki Miyo Dalam Anime Nakitai Watashi Wa Neko Wo Kaburu

This research examines the intrinsic elements of anime Nakitai Watashi wa Neko wo Kaburu, as well as the inner conflicts and defense mechanisms of Sasaki Miyo character in the anime Nakitai Watashi wa Neko wo Kaburu. This research uses qualitative descriptive technique with literary psychology approach. The data collection technique was carried out by using the note-taking technique. The theories that were used in this research are fiction study theory to analyze intrinsic elements and Freud's psychoanalytic theory to analyze the inner conflict and defense mechanisms of Sasaki Miyo. The result of this research is that there are 35 data that show the intrinsic elements of the anime Nakitai Watashi wa Neko wo Kaburu and 8 data that show the inner conflict and defense mechanisms of Sasaki Miyo character in the anime Nakitai Watashi wa Neko wo Kaburu. The conclusion that can be drawn from this research is that Sasaki Miyo, a middle school girl who was unhappy because her parents had gotten divorced and chose to run away from her house as a cat, experienced inner conflicts and used various defense mechanisms when the inner conflicts occurred. There are 6 defense mechanisms that are used by Miyo, and those are reaction formation, rationalization, reversal, compensation, and undoing. The factors that cause Miyo's unhappiness eventually accumulated so that Miyo often used projection as a defense mechanism, where she continued to project her anger towards her parents.

“Those were Grand Days”: A New Zealand Teenager Writes her Own Life, 1928–1946

This article considers an “autobiography” written by a New Zealand school girl in 1946. This document is a family history artefact that, while possibly unique in terms of genre, has value for broader histories of childhood and youth, of adolescent writing and particularly for understanding the historicised educational experiences of girls in the interwar period. It provides a case study of how such sources can be used or interpreted, arguing in particular for a contextual and relational approach that considers the issues of historical setting, voice versus agency, and discursive influences. In the process it suggests that semi-autonomy rather than full autonomy emerges as a more useful interpretive concept when reading such adolescent life histories.