scholarly journals Prevalence of anemia among school girl children and effectiveness of supplementation intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 5359
Author(s):  
H. M. Keshava Murthy ◽  
Tanishka K. Murthy ◽  
Amol Nath
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
School Girl ◽  
Iron Folic Acid ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a major public health issue worldwide, especially in developing countries. Anemia prevalence in young children, particularly girls, continues to remain high in most parts of India and Asia. Aims and objectives were to study the prevalence of anemia (IDA) among school girl children of age group between 5-16 years and to assess the effectiveness of iron-folic acid supplements and iron rich diet.Methods: The study was conducted among 558 school girls in the age group between 5-16 years (1st to 10th standard) at a Kendriya Vidyalaya in Punjab. The study group was checked for their hemoglobin level. Health education regarding prevention of anemia was imparted to girls and their parents followed by daily iron-folic acid supplement. Their hemoglobin was again checked after three months of supplementation.Results: The prevalence of anemia in the study group was 65%.  After the intervention, the Hb level was significantly increased as shown by increase in mean and SD of Hb% from 9.75±1.24 to 11.66±0.98. The data was analyzed in two age groups, 5-10 years and 11-16 years, to check for any significant variation in their Hb levels. Though there was difference in prevalence of anemia in these age groups, the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions: The study showed that prevalence of anemia is 65% and is still one of the major public health issues among school going girl children of all age. In addition to pre-school and adolescent girls, we also need to focus on pre-puberty girls, as anemia is equally prevalent among them.

The Epidemiology of Māori Suicide in Aotearoa/New Zealand

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Coupe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand

AbstractSuicide is a Māori Public Health Issue. Suicide rates in Aotearoa/New Zealand are amongst the highest in OECD countries in the 15-24 year age group and second only to Hungary in other age groups (WHO, 1996; Disley & Coggan, 1996). Suicide is the leading cause of death for young people under the age of 25 years in Aotearoa/New Zealand and a major public health problem (Coggan, 1997). Approximatel, 540 New Zealanders kill themselves each year (Rose, Hatcher, & Koelmeyer, 1999). The total Māori suicide rate (per 100 000) increased to 17.5 in 1997, compared to non-Māori (13.1), and the Māori youth suicide rate (33.9) far exceeded the equivalent non-Māori rate (24.3), reflecting the disparity between Māori and non-Māori (Ministry of Health, 1997). This paper aims to present epidemiological data on Māori suicide and then use the existing literature to discuss possible reasons for the high Māori rate.

scholarly journals Public Health Crisis in India: Prevalence of Anemia in Three Villages

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4158-4158
Author(s):  
Riya Bansal ◽  
Aaron Frank ◽  
Anna Aledia ◽  
Drew Park ◽  
Smeet Madhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
The State ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Iron Folic Acid ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Introduction Anemia, including Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), is a prevalent public health crisis around the world. In IDA, red blood cells are unable to oxygenate tissues in the body due to the lack of essential iron. India has had a particularly high consistent prevalence of IDA since the National Family Health Survey began in 1991. Other forms of anemia can arise due to a lack of vitamin B12, folic acid, and other micronutrients that make up hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying in red blood molecules. The villages of Dhank, Kolki, and Bhimora in the state of Gujarat, India have not been focused on in great depth for the prevalence and severity of anemia. Researchers sought to understand the prevalence of anemia in rural areas from a public health standpoint. Understanding the prevalence of anemia in specific regions in India is imperative to identifying where to focus therapies that target iron deficiency and other causes of anemia, such as through the administration of iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin C, and deworming medications. Methods and Materials Blood samples were taken to measure hemoglobin levels (g/dl) utilizing the glucometer device from two samples: boys and girls ages 0-18, and women ages 18-45 in the villages of Dhank, Kolki, and Bhimora villages in the state of Gujarat. Sample sizes were n=17,111 children and n=9,151 women. Researchers at the University of California, Irvine School of Medicine teamed up with the public health research team to statistically analyze hemoglobin level data, understanding prevalence of anemia in in the three villages. Researchers calculated the prevalence of anemia in both groups based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Results The results show levels of moderate and severe anemia within the states of Kolki, Bhimora, and Dhank for children aged 0-18 and women aged 18-45. In the children group, the highest level of "moderate" to "severe anemia" was in Bhimora. The lowest level of "severe anemia" and highest level of "no anemia" were in Kolki. Similar results were seen in the women's group. In the women's group, the highest level of "moderate" and "severe anemia" were in Bhimora. The lowest level of "severe anemia" and highest level of "no anemia" were in Kolki. Conclusion Anemia is a serious public health crisis within the state of Gujarat, specifically in the villages of Kolki, Bhimora, and Dhank for children 0-18 and women 18-45, as indicated by the high prevalence of moderate and severe anemia in these areas. These findings call for interventions to combat this public health issue. Future study of the data will show which specific socioeconomic factors (caste, class, working status, etc.) are associated with lower hemoglobin levels. These future studies, in turn, will guide the targeted deployment of iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin C, and deworming tablets along with extensive educational intervention. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals ‘After they finish their meals, I have my meal from the leftovers; I have to adjust:” Examining How Gender Norms Affect Anemia Rates in Odisha India (P04-122-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Sedlander ◽  
Chandni Ladwa ◽  
Sameera Talegawkar ◽  
Rohini Ganjoo ◽  
Rajiv Rimal
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Iron Supplements ◽  
Rich Food ◽  
Iron Folic Acid

Abstract Objectives Half of women of reproductive age in India have iron deficiency anemia compared to only 23% of men. Most research focuses on biological reasons for this discrepancy and access to iron-folic acid and iron-rich foods. However, recent research in India shows that inequitable gender norms may affect a woman's ability or desire to take iron supplements and to eat iron-rich food. The objective of this study is to examine how and why gender norms may be affecting high and persistent rates of anemia in India. Methods We conducted 25 key informant interviews and 16 focus group discussions with women of reproductive age, adolescents, husbands and mothers-in-law (n = 148) in Odisha, India. We purposively sampled key informants and randomly sampled focus group participants. We analyzed the data using applied thematic analysis in Nvivo software. Results Our data shows that unequal gender norms impact behaviors that are directly related to high rates of anemia. Women are often serving their husband, children, and in-laws first and “adjusting” to whatever is leftover which may be poor in nutritional qualities and less iron rich. Men are also the main breadwinners but often spend their money on alcohol, money that could be spent on iron-rich food for the household. Women reported that extreme fatigue is a normal part of being a woman and that a woman's plight is to take care of her family at any cost. Given that fatigue, the primary symptom of anemia is normalized; women may be less likely to seek treatment. Women tend to prioritize the health of their family over her own which could affect her ability or desire to go to the health center to get tested for anemia or to obtain iron supplements. Pregnant women are more likely to take iron supplements for the health of the baby, not her own health. While non-pregnant women of reproductive age who were not diagnosed with anemia were not focused on preventive health, only major illnesses and thus, were not taking supplements at all. Conclusions More upstream barriers, like gender norms, may be impinging on a woman's ability to take iron folic acid and to eat iron rich foods. Understanding how gender norms contribute to anemia could change the narrative from a biomedical issue to a social justice issue. Funding Sources The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Adherence to Iron-Folate Supplementation and Associated Factors among Pastoralist’s Pregnant Women in Burji Districts, Segen Area People’s Zone, Southern Ethiopia: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negussie Boti ◽  
Tezera Bekele ◽  
Wanzahun Godana ◽  
Eskeziyaw Getahun ◽  
Feleke Gebremeskel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Iron And Folic Acid ◽  
Iron Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Iron Folic Acid

Background. Iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women is one of the most common public health problems in developing country particularly in Ethiopia. Iron/folic acid supplementation with optimal adherence is the main cost-effective strategy for prevention and control of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women. However, level of adherence to iron/folic acid supplementation and its associated factors were not well identified in study area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the level of adherence to iron/folic acid supplementation and associated factors among pregnant women in Burji Districts, southern Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 317 pregnant women in Burji Districts from March to April 2017 using interviewer administered questionnaires. Data were entered into Epi Info 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. Binary and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with iron/folic acid supplementation. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value <0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. Results. Among women participating in the study, 163(51.4%) were adherent to iron/folate acid supplementation. Factors significantly associated with adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation were maternal educational status (AOR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.13-4.97), early registration for ANC (AOR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.45 – 4.27), history of anemia during current pregnancy (AOR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.09-3.72), and knowledge about iron and folic acid supplementation (AOR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.02-3.76). Forgetfulness and fear of side effects were among the leading reasons of pregnant women for nonadherence to iron and folic acid supplementation. Conclusions. This study revealed that adherence to iron /folic acid supplementation was found to be 51.4%. Maternal educational status, early registration for ANC, history of anemia during current pregnancy, and knowledge about iron and folic acid supplementation were significant factors associated with adherence to iron/folic acid supplementation among pastoralist’s pregnant women. Therefore, anemia prevention strategy should include strengthening giving awareness, counseling, strengthening community health education, and participation in health programs which are necessary to improve the uptake of iron/folic acid supplements.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anemia and Related Deficiencies in the First Year following Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass for Morbid Obesity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Aarts ◽  
B. van Wageningen ◽  
I. M. C. Janssen ◽  
F. J. Berends
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
First Year ◽  
Folic Acid Deficiency ◽  
Morbid Obese ◽  
Iron Folic Acid ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background. Anemia associated with deficiencies in iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 are very common after Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (LRYGB) surgery for morbid obesity. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of anemia after LRYGB.Patients and Methods. A total of 377 morbid obese patients were included in our study. All patients underwent a LRYGB. Hematologic parameters were obtained prior to and after surgery on standardized time intervals.Results. Anemia was present in 21 (P=0.02) patients after surgery. Iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 deficiencies were diagnosed in 66%, 15%, and 50% of patients, respectively. In 86% of patients, anemia was accompanied by one of these deficiencies.Conclusion. These results show that anemia and deficiencies for iron, folic acid deficiency, and vitamin B12 are very common within the first year after LRYGB. We advise a minimal daily intake of 65 mg of iron in male and 100 mg in female patients, 350 μg of vitamin B12, and 400 μg of folic acid. Patients undergoing LRYGB must be closely monitored for deficiencies pre- and postoperative and supplemented when deficiencies occur.

The Prevalence of Anemia among Healthy Women in Japan.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 3755-3755
Author(s):  
Eiji Kusumi ◽  
Masahiro Kami ◽  
Midori Shoji ◽  
Shigeyuki Endou ◽  
Yukiko Kishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Japanese Woman ◽  
Microcytic Anemia ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
The Us ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Introduction Anemia is common among young women. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHENES) revealed that the insufficient iron intake is one of the leading causes of anemia in the US. In Europe and the US, iron fortification of flour increased oral iron intake and decreased anemia prevalence from 30% to 10%. The National Nutrition Survey in Japan by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in 2002 revealed the estimated anemia prevalence of 19 %. Currently, no nationwide preventive policy aims at iron deficiency anemia. However, the prevalence of 19% was estimated based on 3,156 persons in the Survey. Objective The endpoint of this study was to estimate anemia prevalence among healthy Japanese woman based on a larger sample size. Method We collected data from consecutive check-up examination records of apparently healthy women in different age groups in Toranomon Hopital (between January 2002 and March 2005, n = 8,264) and Yuai Memorial Hospital (between February 1998 and February 2005, n = 5,153). We defined hemoglobin lower than 12 g/dL as anemia, hemoglobin lower than 10 g/dL as severe anemia, and mean corpuscular volume lower than 80 fl as microcytic anemia. Results The median age was 47 years (range, 11–87 years). Of the 13,147 persons, anemia was identified in 2,331 (17.3 %), and severe and microcytic anemia in 438 (3.3 %) and 700 (5.2 %), respectively. The prevalence of anemia and median hemoglobin values by age groups are shown in Figure. The median hemoglobin values tended to be lower in women of the age groups with high anemia prevalence. Conclusion The prevalence of anemia among women of child-bearing age and of working age is high in Japan. As the Japanese population is rapidly decreasing and aging, some action needs to be considered to improve quality of life during pregnancy and working efficiency. Figure Figure.

scholarly journals Contemporary situation of community-acquired pneumonia in China: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-gang Zhu ◽  
Xiao-dan Tang ◽  
Yun-tao Lu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Jie-ming Qu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Contemporary Situation ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe prevalence and microbial pattern reported for Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) differ considerably and contemporary situation remains changing over time. We therefore searched both international and domestic databases for relevant references and pooled incidence of CAP and etiological distribution were estimated separately between children and adults groups. The results showed that CAP remained a major public health issue in China, with a relatively higher incidence than that reported in Western countries. Although pathogens were not detected in nearly half of patients, Mycoplasma pneumoniae remained to be the most frequently detected agent across age groups, the detection yield of which was lower than that reported from other countries. Notably, the incidence of influenza virus A in adults was almost four times higher than that in children while the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus was much less common in adults than that in children. Despite some limitations, the value of this review, approaching to systematically review grey published data, is to sketch out the contemporary epidemiological and etiological situation of CAP in our country, which could be useful to help policymakers and clinicians make informed choices and to inspire future studies and surveillance.

scholarly journals Chikungunya infection in Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College and Hospital during Rainy season

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Taslima Akter ◽  
Taslima Begum ◽  
Jannatul Ferdous ◽  
Sarmin Sultana ◽  
Sharmeen Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Medical College

Recently, in Bangladesh, Chikungunya (CHIK) infection emerged as an important public health issue. Previously, it was not routinely tested by the physician, thus it might remain undiagnosed. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to find out Chikungunya infection in Holy Family Hospital, Dhaka among clinically suspected cases who were sent by the clinicians during rainy season. For detection of Chikungunya infection, a total of 147 serum samples were tested for IgM and IgG of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) by Immuno chromatographic test (ICT). Out of which 64 (43.5%) samples were positive for Chikungunya infection (positive defined as a person with IgM and or IgG antibody). Of the 64 sero-positive cases, 34 (53.1%), 6 (9.4%) and 24 (37.5%) were positive for only IgM, only IgG and both IgM & IgG antibody respectively. Male were affected higher (51.56%) than female (48.44%). The infection was more common in 31-45 years, 46-60 years and more than 60 years of age groups which was 26.6%, 25% and 26.6% respectively In this study, it was found that among suspected cases of Chikungunya, sero positive cases were 43.5% which was about half of the suspected cases. This finding suggests that, there is need of screening of chikungunya virus and also need of appropriate strategies to control the disease as early as possible. Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2016; 10 (2): 14-17

scholarly journals Predicting Age Groups of Reddit Users Based on Posting Behavior and Metadata: Classification Model Development and Validation (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Chew ◽  
Caroline Kery ◽  
Laura Baum ◽  
Thomas Bukowski ◽  
Annice Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Linguistic Patterns

BACKGROUND Social media are important for monitoring perceptions of public health issues and for educating target audiences about health; however, limited information about the demographics of social media users makes it challenging to identify conversations among target audiences and limits how well social media can be used for public health surveillance and education outreach efforts. Certain social media platforms provide demographic information on followers of a user account, if given, but they are not always disclosed, and researchers have developed machine learning algorithms to predict social media users’ demographic characteristics, mainly for Twitter. To date, there has been limited research on predicting the demographic characteristics of Reddit users. OBJECTIVE We aimed to develop a machine learning algorithm that predicts the age segment of Reddit users, as either adolescents or adults, based on publicly available data. METHODS This study was conducted between January and September 2020 using publicly available Reddit posts as input data. We manually labeled Reddit users’ age by identifying and reviewing public posts in which Reddit users self-reported their age. We then collected sample posts, comments, and metadata for the labeled user accounts and created variables to capture linguistic patterns, posting behavior, and account details that would distinguish the adolescent age group (aged 13 to 20 years) from the adult age group (aged 21 to 54 years). We split the data into training (n=1660) and test sets (n=415) and performed 5-fold cross validation on the training set to select hyperparameters and perform feature selection. We ran multiple classification algorithms and tested the performance of the models (precision, recall, F1 score) in predicting the age segments of the users in the labeled data. To evaluate associations between each feature and the outcome, we calculated means and confidence intervals and compared the two age groups, with 2-sample t tests, for each transformed model feature. RESULTS The gradient boosted trees classifier performed the best, with an F1 score of 0.78. The test set precision and recall scores were 0.79 and 0.89, respectively, for the adolescent group (n=254) and 0.78 and 0.63, respectively, for the adult group (n=161). The most important feature in the model was the number of sentences per comment (permutation score: mean 0.100, SD 0.004). Members of the adolescent age group tended to have created accounts more recently, have higher proportions of submissions and comments in the r/teenagers subreddit, and post more in subreddits with higher subscriber counts than those in the adult group. CONCLUSIONS We created a Reddit age prediction algorithm with competitive accuracy using publicly available data, suggesting machine learning methods can help public health agencies identify age-related target audiences on Reddit. Our results also suggest that there are characteristics of Reddit users’ posting behavior, linguistic patterns, and account features that distinguish adolescents from adults.

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