Kindness as a practice of Kittay’s ‘doulia’ in higher education: caring for student carers during COVID-19 and beyond

Recognising dependency as a fundamental aspect of existence and activating Kittay’s reciprocity principle, ‘doulia’, we investigate the impacts of COVID-19 on student carers at an Australian university, to what extent teaching staff care for student carers and which pedagogies and teaching practices aid student carers. Analysing the experiences of social science students shortly after the lockdown in 2020, we find that pedagogies of kindness and flexibility support student carers. We call on teaching staff to recognise students’ inevitable dependencies and commit to pedagogies of kindness.

Cooperation and Competition in the Innovation Ecosystem From the Perspective of Evolutionary Psychology

The innovation ecosystem is distinct from innovation itself; the former is based on technology, talent and markets, as well as many other elements of innovation that form the organisational system. Current research on the innovation ecosystem has primarily focused on theoretical discussions of the concept and analysis of evolution mechanisms and influential factors; however, research on mechanisms that influence cooperation and competition within the system is limited. Corporation and competition are the critical elements in the acquisition value of the innovation ecosystem and the realisation of innovation breakthroughs. Given the dynamic nature and complexity of the innovation ecosystem, this research is based on the “value co-creation” theory of innovation ecosystems and consistency with the “reciprocity” principle of evolutionary psychology. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie corporation and competition in the innovation ecosystem from the perspective of evolutionary psychology may foster more efficient cooperation and competition among enterprises, enabling them to realise the value of co-creation and innovation breakthroughs.

Ultra-broadband reflectionless Brewster absorber protected by reciprocity

The Brewster’s law predicts zero reflection of p-polarization on a dielectric surface at a particular angle. However, when loss is introduced into the permittivity of the dielectric, the Brewster condition breaks down and reflection unavoidably appears. In this work, we found an exception to this long-standing dilemma by creating a class of nonmagnetic anisotropic metamaterials, where anomalous Brewster effects with independently tunable absorption and refraction emerge. This loss-independent Brewster effect is bestowed by the extra degrees of freedoms introduced by anisotropy and strictly protected by the reciprocity principle. The bandwidth can cover an extremely wide spectrum from dc to optical frequencies. Two examples of reflectionless Brewster absorbers with different Brewster angles are both demonstrated to achieve large absorbance in a wide spectrum via microwave experiments. Our work extends the scope of Brewster effect to the horizon of nonmagnetic absorptive materials, which promises an unprecedented wide bandwidth for reflectionless absorption with high efficiency.

Identification of aquifer pollution’s point sources with the Reciprocity Principle

The principle of reciprocity, called Maxwell-Bettitheorem, initially used in mechanics in an elastic structure, establishes a relation of equality between two distinct strains under different loads. In this paper, we extend and apply this principle to flow and solute transport equations in porous media, in order to perform the pollution sources identification in aquifers. We developed general 2D expressions of the reciprocity principle for transient transport problems. This model leads to a linear equations set, with point sources coordinates, concentrations and associated water fluxes as unknowns. The proposed model is then applied to the Rocky Mountain Arsenal aquifer, where polluted water is injected into a well in the domain. The proposed inverse technique successfully recovered the position and the pollutant concentration in addition to the associated water flux. Moreover, we developed and implemented the inverse method for different knowledge levels of the degrees of the aquifer contamination, i.e. more or less data available in the field. Multiple pollution point sources and noisy data situations are also developed and tested with high efficiency. The proposed method would be easy and useful to be implemented in the modeling software now widely used by researchers and groundwater managers. It can thus be applied in real case studies, to help authorities and regulators to efficiently identify the polluters and the contamination process i.e. its location, onset, duration and the associated mass and water fluxes.

Asymmetric Scattering and Reciprocity in a Plasmonic Dimer

We study the scattering of polarized light by two equal corner stacked Au nanorods that exhibit strong electromagnetic coupling. In the far field, this plasmonic dimer manifests very prominent asymmetric scattering in the transverse direction. Calculations based on a system of two coupled oscillators, as well as simulations based on the boundary element method, show that, while in one configuration both vertical and horizontal polarization states are scattered to the detector, when we interchange the source and the detector, the scattered intensity of the horizontal polarization drops to zero. Following Perrin’s criterion, it can be shown that this system, as well as any other linear system not involving magneto-optical effects, obeys the optical reciprocity principle. We show that the optical response of the plasmonic dimer, while preserving electromagnetic reciprocity, can be used for the non-reciprocal transfer of signals at a subwavelength scale.

An Analysis of the Enforcement of Foreign Arbitration Awards in Palestine: Realities, Drawbacks, and Prospects

This article highlights the gaps and difficulties that face the enforcement of foreign arbitration awards in Palestinian courts. In addition, it constructs recommendations for legal and judicial approaches that the Palestinian Authority should adopt to create a ‘pro-arbitration’ system. The article first provides a general analysis of the regulatory deficiencies in the enforcement of foreign arbitration awards, which include the inapplicability of the New York Convention, the existence of the reciprocity principle as a condition of enforcement, and the lack of presumptive obligation of recognising the validity of arbitration awards in Palestine. Afterward, the article focuses on the procedural level of enforcing foreign arbitration awards. It addresses difficulties that face the award-creditor when attempting to enforce the award through the competent court, as well as the Palestinian courts’ approach when reviewing the exequatur, and how this attitude affects the granting enforcement.

Sinkronisasi Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Tentang Kebijakan Bebas Visa Kunjungan

In order to guarantee the benefits and protect various national interests as well as in the framework of upholding the state's sovereignty in the immigration sector, it is necessary to stipulate principles, supervision systems, service procedures for the entry and exit of people into and from the territory of Indonesia. The regulation on Visit Visa Free in Indonesian legislation is inconsistent with each other with the application of free visit visas on the basis of reciprocity and the principle of benefit. The Immigration Law stipulates that the granting of visa exemptions must pay attention to the principle of reciprocity and the principle of benefit, while the Presidential Regulation on Visit Visa Free stipulates that the purpose of granting visa exemptions for certain countries is in the framework of tourist visits. Thus, neither the reciprocity principle nor the benefit principle which is the basis for the consideration of granting visit visa exemptions has not been fulfilled in the policy of the Presidential Regulation on Visit Visa Free.