Exploration of the Independent Housing Experience of People with Mental Illness in a Community

Purpose: This study aims to explore the independent housing experiences of people with mental illness who receive supported independent housing services provided by the public sector.Methods: Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using semi-structured interviews. Twelve participants, who had been living independently in the community for around 11 months, were included. A qualitative descriptive method and a content analysis method were applied.Results: Independent housing experiences of people with mental illness were classified into the following four domains: house effect, growth, challenges and limitations, relationships, and support. Eleven categories included the starting point of life, environmental & psychological comfort, inspire independence and confidence, recognition of goals and responsibilities, positive self-awareness, psychological difficulties, immaturity of daily coping, unstable self-protection, relationship improvement, and importance of support resources.Conclusion: For successful community integration of mentally disabled people, continuous legal institutional preparation for stable housing, government active interest, and flexible financial support are needed. In addition to housing support, a recovery-based independent housing case management model needs to be developed for successful maintenance of independent living. We also suggest a study on the effectiveness of independent housing to determine evidence for making a policy.

Factors Affecting Burnout among Tertiary Hospital Nurses during the COVID-19 Outbreak

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine burnout and its related factors among nurses working at a tertiary hospital, who had experienced caring for patients with confirmed and suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including those with severe and critical conditions during the outbreak.Methods: Responses of 129 nurses, who worked in a tertiary hospital in Daegu, which was designated as a special control area for infectious disease in Korea, were analyzed. Data were collected from November 1, 2020 to December 14, 2020 using self-report questionnaires. Analysis was performed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression.Results: Burnout did not show any statistically significant differences in age, sex, marital status, total length of clinical experience, and the department at the time of caring for COVID-19 patients. Compassion fatigue, stress, depression, and anxiety were positively related with burnout, and compassion satisfaction was negatively related with burnout. In regression analysis, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and stress were confirmed as the predictive factors of burnout.Conclusion: The study results suggest that compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and stress could play an important role in reducing burnout among tertiary hospital nurses during infectious disease outbreaks.

The Mediating Effect of Depression on the Relationship between Cognitive Function and the Activities of Daily Living in Post-stroke Patient

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the relationship between cognitive function and activities of daily living (ADL) in addition to the mediating effect exerted by depression on this relationship in post-stroke patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 182 patients were recruited from two general and three geriatric hospitals in South Korea between July 2017 and June 2018. Cognitive function, depression, and ADL measures were assessed after informed consent was obtained. Data obtained were analyzed using multiple regression and a simple mediation model that applies the PROCESS macro with a 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval (5,000 bootstrap resampling).Results: The covariates were sex, age, educational level, types of paralysis, and type of hospital. After controlling for the demographic covariates, cognitive function significantly accounted for the variance of ADL. It was also demonstrated that depression partially mediated the relationship between cognitive function and ADL in post-stroke patients.Conclusion: Cognitive function directly influences the ADL in post-stroke patients and indirectly influences it through depression. This suggests that strategies for improving depression in post-stroke patients should be considered while managing cognitive functioning for improving the ADL.

Effect of Psychiatric Nursing Practice Online Education Using Case-Based VR

Purpose: This study was conducted to verify the effect of a simulation-based virtual reality psychiatric nursing education programMethods: This was a quasi-experimental study that used two groups and a pretest-posttest design. There were 35 nursing students in both the experimental and control groups. Data were collected between January 18 and February 28. The educational program was configured in four stages over four weeks. An afterprogram post-test was conducted for one week.Results: The experimental group showed significantly higher values for depression nursing knowledge (t=-3.96, p<.001), learning self-efficacy (t=-3.34, p=.001), and problem solving processes (t=-3.01, p=.004) than the control group.Conclusion: The educational program was found to be effective for nursing students' depression nursing knowledge, learning self-efficacy, and problem-solving processes. It is expected to be foundational material for developing various virtual reality-based simulation education programs.

Phenomenological Analysis of the Meaning of Life in of People Who Experience Mental Illness

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning of life in patients with mental illness.Methods: This study used a phenomenological research approach. Subjects were recruited from shared living houses or rehabilitation facilities. Subjects had received treatment for mental illness. An in-depth interview was conducted for data collection from June 2019 to September 2019.Results: Three themes of the meaning of life were identified; 1. discovering their own power to keep away from a shaky life, 2. expanding into a safe relationship, and 3. developing towards a more valuable life.Conclusion: The meaning of life for subjects who experienced mental illness was that they felt helpless in the process of endless mental illness, but they realized the value of accepting the disease and living their daily lives and tried to restore close relationships with people and live the life they desired.

Effects of Meaning in Life and Social Support on Posttraumatic Growth in Pancreatic Cancer Survivors

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlations among meaning in life, social support, and posttraumatic growth and to identify the factors related to posttraumatic growth in pancreatic cancer patients.Methods: A total of 118 pancreatic cancer patients who received care in an outpatient clinic and inpatient units in an oncology center in Seoul were enrolled from February 2021 to March 2021. We collected data using self-report survey tools. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple linear regression with SPSS/WIN 26.0Results: Meaning in life, social support, and posttraumatic growth had significant positive correlations with each other, and the correlation between posttraumatic growth and meaning in life was the highest (r=.63, p<.01). In the hierarchical multiple regression model of posttraumatic growth (adjusted R2=.48, p<.001), marital status (β=-.14, p=.04), meaning in life (β=.44, p<.001), and social support (β=.27, p=.001) were statistically significant.Conclusion: There is a need for nursing interventions that provide social support and promote the meaning in life to facilitate posttraumatic growth in pancreatic cancer patients.

Mediating effect of Maternal and Paternal Family Relationship between Neuroticism and Postpartum Depression: The Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the mediating effect of family relationship between personality traits and postpartum depression by using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model (APIMeM).Methods: Participants were 197 married couples within one year of childbirth. The APIMeM using path analysis was used to determine direct and indirect effects of personality and family relationships on postpartum depression between wives and husbands in AMOS 22.0.Results: Data showed an actor effect suggesting that the higher the neuroticism level in wives, the higher the postpartum depression level. In husbands, data indicated an actor effect suggesting that the higher the neuroticism level in husbands, the higher the postpartum depression level; however, neither wives nor husbands showed a partner effect. Data showed an actor effect suggesting that the higher the family relationship level for both wives and husbands, the lower the postpartum depression level; however, neither wives nor husbands showed a partner effect. Data showed a mediating effect of neuroticism in wives on postpartum depression through the family relationship.Conclusion: The study results indicate that, to prevent postpartum depression, it is necessary to develop a nursing intervention program for couples that can improve the personalities and family relationship of couples.

A Comparative Study of the Factors Associated with Geriatric Depression between Two Sex Groups Living Alone

Purpose: The aims of this study were to identify depression rates depending on the sex among elderly people living alone and to compare depression-related ecological system factors between two sex groups.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the 7th Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging survey in 2018. A total of 893 elders living alone were included (152 men and 741 women). Hierarchical logistic regression was used to identify depression-related ecological system factors depending on the sex.Results: Men had significantly higher rates of depression (28.6%) than women (24.0%, p<.001). Depression-related ecological system factors in elderly women were higher educational level, poor subjective health status, impairment of instrumental activities of daily living, low satisfaction with children’s relation, financial based on children’s support, and rare meetings with close people. However, relation satisfaction with children was the only relevant depression-related ecological system factor in the men’s group.Conclusion: Our study findings show that depression-related ecological system factors vary depending on the sex of elderly people living alone. Thus, mental health professionals should provide sex-specific interventions to develop or implement depression-prevention strategies for the elderly living alone depending on the sex.

Korean Clinical Nurses’ Emotional Experiences during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the emotions experienced by Korean clinical nurses during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to understand their essential meaning in depth.Methods: A qualitative study was performed using individual in-depth interviews and data were collected from 12 nurses in clinical practice from June 2020 to December 2020. Data were analyzed using the Colaizzi’s phenomenological method.Results: The following three categories were derived: ‘shock of the unprecedented new infectious disease’, ‘hardships caused by the never-ending struggle’, and ‘hope in the midst of hardship’.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it was confirmed that there is a need to prepare an appropriate compensation system and emotional support strategies for nurses in the traumatic event of a pandemic. In addition, it is necessary to develop a recovery from trauma and emotional management program to reduce the negative emotional experiences and strengthen the positive emotional experiences.

Effects of Horticultural Therapy on Korean Elderly with Dementia: A Meta-analysis

Purpose: The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify the effects of horticultural therapy on Korean elderly with dementia.Methods: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, and eight domestic databases, until February 2021. Data extraction and the risk of bias assessment were independently conducted by two authors. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis.Results: Of the 478 studies retrieved from the databases, 21 studies were included in the final analysis. A total of 93 outcome variables were analyzed in 21 literatures. The overall effect size of the horticultural treatment program was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.74~1.09, p<.001), which was statistically significant. Compared to the control group, horticultural therapy improved cognitive functions (SMD=0.71, 95% CI: 0.42~0.99, I2=79.9%), psychosocial functions (SMD=1.01, 95% CI: -0.70~1.31, I2=67.8%), and physical functions (SMD=1.05, 95% CI: 0.77~1.33, I2=72%) in Korean elderly with dementia.Conclusion: This meta-analysis found that horticultural therapy improved the cognitive, psychosocial, and physical functions of dementia patients compared to subjects in the control group.