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2020 ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
I. I. Hrek ◽  
Anton Viktorovych Rohozhyn ◽  
V. B. Kushnir ◽  
Yu. O. Zaikina ◽  
Maryna Mykolayivna Kochuieva

Interest to the studies of life quality by scientists and practitioners is constantly growing, as this unique approach allows to fundamentally change the traditional view of the problem of the disease and the patient. By investigating the quality of life as an integral index of the patient's condition, it is possible to assess the complex impact of the disease on the patient's life, to compare the effectiveness of various interventions, to predict the disease course. However, the problem of assessing the quality of life in patients with tuberculosis under conditions of alcohol consumption remains poorly understood. To establish the level of quality of life in patients, 102 men with newly diagnosed tuberculosis, with preserved sensitivity to anti−tuberculosis drugs were examined. The AUDIT test was used to assess their alcohol consumption, and the MOS SF−36 questionnaire was used to analyze the quality of life parameters. The study also assessed quality of life parameters and alcohol consumption in groups with varying prevalence of tuberculosis and the presence of mycobacteria or no bacterial excretion. According to the findings, the following conclusions can be drawn: pulmonary tuberculosis leads to a decrease in quality of life with the greatest depression in the group of patients who abuse alcohol; quality of life indices are significantly lower in patients with advanced tuberculosis and bacterial excretion, while the level of alcohol consumption in these groups is significantly higher than in patients with localized forms and lack of bacterial excretion. Interestingly, when interviewing patients, none of them rated their health as "excellent", answering the first question of the SF−36 questionnaire, and 100 % of respondents to question 11 answered "definitely not" to the statement "I expect my health to deteriorate". The obtained research data on the parameters of quality of life in patients with tuberculosis can be used to achieve the highest effectiveness of therapy and targeted psychosocial rehabilitation. Key words: tuberculosis, alcohol, quality of life, bacterial excretion.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan B. Parr ◽  
Michael K Leonard Jr ◽  
Henry M Blumberg

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a relatively slow-growing, aerobic, acid-fast bacillus (AFB). Classically, TB is a pulmonary disease, but disseminated and extrapulmonary manifestations may also occur, especially in immunocompromised persons. TB is transmitted person to person and is usually contracted by inhalation of M. tuberculosis droplet nuclei generated by an infectious person. If infection occurs after M. tuberculosis enters the body, the host’s cell-mediated immunity may contain the organism but not eradicate all the bacilli, resulting in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). M. tuberculosis can remain dormant and persist (e.g., within macrophages); persons with LTBI are at risk for reactivation and development of active TB. This review contains 5 figures, 7 tables, and 75 references. Key Words: tuberculosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculosis in hiv-infected patients


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan B. Parr ◽  
Michael K Leonard Jr ◽  
Henry M Blumberg

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a relatively slow-growing, aerobic, acid-fast bacillus (AFB). Classically, TB is a pulmonary disease, but disseminated and extrapulmonary manifestations may also occur, especially in immunocompromised persons. TB is transmitted person to person and is usually contracted by inhalation of M. tuberculosis droplet nuclei generated by an infectious person. If infection occurs after M. tuberculosis enters the body, the host’s cell-mediated immunity may contain the organism but not eradicate all the bacilli, resulting in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). M. tuberculosis can remain dormant and persist (e.g., within macrophages); persons with LTBI are at risk for reactivation and development of active TB. This review contains 5 figures, 7 tables, and 75 references. Key Words: tuberculosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculosis in hiv-infected patients


Author(s):  
Rodrigo F. de B. Resende

A Tuberculose (TB) é uma entidade de infecção bacteriana, granulomatosa, crônica e sistêmica. O agente causador, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, pode acometer vários órgãos vitais, com maior frequência os pulmões, podendo comprometer os rins e os gânglios linfáticos, e ocasionalmente pode ser responsável por manifestações hepáticas, neurológicas e osteomioarticulares. Os sintomas clássicos da TB pulmonar incluem: tosse persistente, produtiva ou não, com muco e eventualmente sangue (hemoptise), febre vespertina, sudorese noturna e perda de peso ponderal. Na maioria dos indivíduos a infecção primária resulta apenas em um nódulo localizado, fibrocalcificado, situado no local inicial de desenvolvimento.  No entanto, micro-organismos vivos podem estar presentes nestes nódulos e permanecerem latentes por muitos anos. Apenas 5 a 10% dos pacientes com TB progridem para infecção ativa e um estado de imunossupressão coexistente é frequentemente o responsável. Em raras situações, a TB ativa pode ocorrer diretamente de uma infecção primária. No entanto a doença ativa costuma desenvolver-se em fase mais tardia da vida, a partir de uma reativação do micro-organismo em uma pessoa previamente infectada. Tal reativação é caracteristicamente associada ao comprometimento do sistema de defesa do hospedeiro, sendo denominada de Tuberculose Secundária. O objetivo é realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema e descrever um caso clínico de um paciente do sexo masculino, leucoderma, 35 anos de idade, com lesão em rebordo alveolar e lábio inferior com 6 cm em seu maior diâmetro, encaminhado a clínica de Estomatologia da Unigranrio / RJ, onde foi realizado o diagnóstico de TB e o paciente tratado da lesão sem as possíveis complicações desta doença. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Tuberculose; Micobacterium Tuberculosis; HIV; Lesões orais.ABSTRACTTuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial, granulomatous, chronic and systemic infection entity. Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it most often affects the lungs, and can compromise the kidneys and lymph nodes, occasionally it may be responsible for hepatic, neurological and osteomyoarticular manifestations. The classic symptoms of pulmonary TB include: persistent cough, productive or otherwise, with mucus and eventually blood (hemoptosis), evening fever, night sweats and weight loss.In most individuals the primary infection results only in a localized, fibrocalcified nodule located at the initial site of development. However, living microorganisms may be present in these nodules and remain dormant for many years. Only 5-10% of TB patients progress to active infection and a coexisting immunosuppressive state is often responsible. In rare situations, active TB can occur directly from a primary infection. However, the active disease usually develops later in life, from a reactivation of the microorganism in a person previously infected. Such reactivation is characteristically associated to the compromise of the host defense system, being denominated Secondary Tuberculosis. The objective is to carry out a review of the literature on the subject and to describe a clinical case of a male patient, leucoderma, 35 years old, with lesion in the alveolar ridge and lower lip with 6 cm in its largest diameter, referred to the clinic of Stomatology of Unigranrio / RJ, where the diagnosis of TB was made and the patient treated with the lesion without the possible complications of this disease.  KEY WORDS: Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; HIV; Oral lesions.


1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Chakraborti ◽  
R Biswas ◽  
M Mondal ◽  
U Muknopadhya ◽  
J Datta

Background: Orbital tuberculosis is rare even in endemic areas. The disease may involve soft tissue, lacrimal gland, or the periosteum or bones of the orbital wall. Case: We present an Indian girl, who presented with a slowly growing left-sided superotemporal orbital mass, with no significant previous medical history. The swelling turned to an abscess and burst spontaneously giving rise to a discharging sinus. The discharge was negative for any organism on Gram and Giemsa staining. A tuberculin skin test was strongly positive. Incisional biopsy showed caseating granuloma and Langhan’s giant cells suggestive of tubercular aetiology. The patient responded well to tuberculous chemotherapy. Conclusion: Although tuberculous dacryoadenitis is a very rare manifestation of tuberculosis, still the possibility should be entertained in a slowly growing mass of the lacrimal gland, especially in developing countries where the prevalence of tuberculosis is high. Key words: Tuberculosis, lacrimal gland, histopathology DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v3i2.5281 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011; 3(2): 210-213


1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-94
Author(s):  
PK Swain ◽  
SA Mallik ◽  
A Thapalial

Tuberculosis rarely affects the middle ear cleft; the disease is a curiosity and not often considered in the differential diagnosis of otorrhea. The diagnosis is thus made too late, with resulting complications such as irreversible hearing loss and facial nerve paralysis. A case report with review of the literature is presented, emphasizing that tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic ear infection in children. In our case direct nosocomial spread of tuebrculous bacilli has been attributed. Key words: Tuberculosis; otitis media, hearing loss & facial paralysis.   doi:10.3126/jnps.v27i2.1589 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.27(2) p.93-94


1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
NK Giri ◽  
SB Rawal ◽  
S Malia ◽  
J Rayamajhi

Pancreatic tuberculosis is an extremely rare condition, even in an endemic region like Nepal, and Confirming the diagnosis is even more difficult due to the difficulty in obtaining the pathological specimen. In this case report, we present a young male who was diagnosed with pancreatic tuberculosis and inadvertent surgery avoided following proper workup of the patient. Key words: tuberculosis; pancreas; ascites DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v9i2.5025 Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital Vol.9(2) 2010: 42-43


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