A seismologist's beginnings: Inge Lehmann's experiences during the 1910s and '20s as a woman in science

Celebrated for her 1936 discovery of the Earth’s inner core, seismologist Inge Lehmann (1888–1993) has often been portrayed as a trailblazing female scientist, unwilling to accept discrimination in her pursuit of an academic profession. Yet, a close reading of her experiences suggests that Lehmann faced severe restrictions early on in her career. Only by being pragmatic about her situation did she successfully establish herself as a professional scientist. Having attended a progressive co-educational school before studying mathematics at the University of Copenhagen, Lehmann had little direct experience of gender discrimination. After receiving her bachelor’s degree, she entered Cambridge University in 1911, along with Niels Bohr, but found herself unprepared for the gendered social segregation practiced there. Exhausted from overwork, Lehman abandoned her studies and returned to Denmark. Over the next six years, she came to understand how severely her gender limited her career options. In 1918, Inge Lehman returned to the University of Copenhagen to complete her studies, and became a teaching assistant for a professor of actuarial science in 1923. Because her chances for obtaining a scientific post at the university were slim, she joined Professor Niels Erik Nørlund in his efforts to reform the Danish Geodetic Service. In 1928, Professor Nørlund rewarded Lehmann's voluntary change of academic discipline from mathematics to seismology by appoint her as Director of the Seismology Department.

VISUAL STORIES ABOUT PRIMATES AND PRIMATOLOGY AS STORIES OF SOMETHING MORE

Цель исследования – проанализировать серию визуальных историй, характеризующих культурный опыт восприятия приматов и приматологии в Советском Союзе 1930-х годов и в США в период с 1963 года по настоящее время. Объектом изучения избраны иллюстративные материалы к книге Надежды Ладыгиной-Котс «Дитя шимпанзе и дитя человека» (1935); фото и киноматериалы середины 1930-х годов, изображающие опыты с участием шимпанзе, которые проводились в лаборатории академика Ивана Павлова в Колтушах; фото и видеоматериалы о полевой научной работе Джейн Гудолл в Национальном парке Гомбе в Танзании, представленные в изданиях компании «National Geographic»; цикл кинофильмов о «Планете обезьян», созданных компанией «20th Century Fox» с 1968 по 1973 год. В статье утверждается, что визуальные истории о приматах и приматологии всегда являются историями о чем-то большем, поскольку они являются еще одним типом текста, который разворачивает себя в соответствии с тем, как мы его видим и чувствуем, как переживаем, а также в соответствии с тем, что мы еще знаем о предметах, которые отражаются в этих образах. В рамках данной статьи обсуждаются следующие вопросы. О чем говорили эти истории своим современникам? О чем они могут сказать нам сегодня? О чем мы можем узнать еще благодаря этим визуализациям? В статье показано, что визуальное повествование, представленное в иллюстрациях к книге Надежды Ладыгиной-Котс, можно рассматривать не только как еще один тип повествования о научной работе, но и как рассказ о частной жизни ученого-женщины, которая превратила ее в поле научного эксперимента. Образы шимпанзе, участвующих в экспериментах ученых лаборатории академика Павлова, представленные в выпусках журнала «Огонек» 1934 и 1935 года и научно-популярном фильме «Роза и Рафаэль», можно воспринимать как фрагмент визуального повествования о величии советской науки и о советском образе жизни. Фото и видеоматериалы о работе Джейн Гудолл в африканском лесу, производство которых поставил на поток «National Geographic», бесспорно, представляют собой повествование о потаенной мечте западной цивилизации о том, как вернуться в первобытный рай, который давно утрачен. Киноэпопея «Планета обезьян», созданная Артуром Джейкобсом и его командой, – это не что иное, как опыт визуализации застарелых страхов американского общества, озабоченного расовыми конфликтами и неясностью своего будущего. Визуальные истории о приматах и приматологии – это всегда истории о том, что еще можно увидеть по прошествии времени. The aim of the study is to analyze a series of visual stories characterizing the cultural experience of perception of primates and primatology in the Soviet Union in the 1930s and in the United States from 1963 to the present. The object of the study is illustrative materials for the book The Chimpanzee Child and the Human Child (1935) by Nadezhda Ladygina-Kots; photo and film materials of the mid-1930s depicting experiments with chimpanzees that were conducted in the laboratory of Academician Ivan Pavlov in Koltushy; photos and videos of Jane Goodall’s field research work in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, presented in the publications of “National Geographic”; a series of films about the Planet of the Apes created by the 20th Century Fox during 1968–1973. The article argues that visual stories about primates and primatology are always stories about something more because they are another type of text that unfolds according to how we see and feel it, how we experience it, and what we still know about the objects that are reflected in these images. This article discusses the following questions: What did these stories tell their contemporaries about? What can they tell us today? What else can we learn about through these visualizations? The article shows that the visual narrative, presented in the illustrations for the book by Ladygina-Kots, can be considered not only as another type of narrative about research work, but also as a story about the private life of a female scientist, who turned it into a field of scientific experiment. Images of chimpanzees participating in the experiments of the scientists of Academician Pavlov’s laboratory, presented in the issues of the Ogonyok magazine of 1934 and 1935 and in the popular science film Rosa and Rafael, can be perceived as a fragment of a visual narrative about the greatness of Soviet science and the Soviet way of life. Photos and videos of Jane Goodall’s work in the African forest, which were produced by National Geographic, are undoubtedly a story about the hidden dream of Western civilization about how to return to the primitive paradise, which has long been lost. The epic film Planet of the Apes, created by Arthur Jacobs and his team, is nothing more than an experience of visualizing the long-standing fears of American society preoccupied with racial conflicts and the uncertainty of its future. Visual stories about primates and primatology are always stories about what else can be seen over time.

Mulheres na Computação: Uma Análise da Participação de Meninas em uma Maratona Gamificada e Desplugada de Pensamento Computacional

One of the most important issues discussed in computer science ineducation involves the professions of the future and the skills thatwill be required of these professionals. This paper discusses a skillthat is among the most important: Computational Thinking (CP).In this scenario, it is still notable the low participation of womenin areas related to technology. As a result, many countries havealready stimulated CP education since basic education. The goalis that future generations can not only operate, but understandhow technology is produced. One of the ways to stimulate CP inbasic education using Computer Science Unplugged (CSU). Themain contribution of this work, unlike others that have alreadyused CSU, was the proposal of a CSU intervention in a playful environment,which considers gamification principles, such as: phases,time, awards, scores, among others, in addition to the constructionof scenarios period and interaction with female scientist characters.The results of the intervention were collected through simplifiedquestionnaires for girls and increased to be quite positive.

History Page: Leaders in MSK Radiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska (1867–1934)

This history page in the series “Leaders in MSK radiology” is dedicated to the memory and achievements of the Polish researcher born in Warsaw and graduate of Sorbonne University, Maria Curie-Skłodowska, two-time Nobel Prize winner and the most well-known female scientist in the world, recognized as the pioneer of radiology.

The Cave of Adventure

Is it better to live in truth, or to live a happy lie? What if you could choose to forget past pain? In this work of choose your own adventure style philosophical short story of fiction, you are in the role of the main character, a female scientist studying the memory length of fish. While walking through the park you take an underground passage that has a new, and mysterious, offshoot passage to a cave full of fish tanks. There, you meet a child, the child you didn’t have, in the relationship that didn’t work out. The child takes you to another chamber with humans floating in water in stasis, living out their most blissful lives in their minds. You are given the choice, to join them in the tank to live out your remaining days as a successful scientist, with a loving husband, and a child or, to leave the cave, and enter the painful lonely life that lays ahead of you outside the cave.

Anna Semper (1826–1909) and the female scientist in modern Germany

This article uses the work of Anna Semper (1826–1909) to explore the possibilities for understanding women’s contributions to the development of science in Germany from the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. By examining the publications of her husband, the naturalist Carl Semper (1832–1893), as well as those of other scholars, traces of the ways that she produced scientific knowledge begin to emerge. Because the Sempers’ work took place in the context of the Philippines and Palau, two different Spanish colonies, and formed the basis of Carl’s professional career, this article also analyzes Anna’s role in the creation of an explicitly colonial science.

Barnes Receives 2019 Sulzman Award for Excellence in Education and Mentoring

Rebecca Barnes received the 2019 Sulzman Award for Excellence in Education and Mentoring at AGU’s Fall Meeting 2019, held 9–13 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award is given to “one mid-career female scientist…for significant contributions as a role model and mentor for the next generation of biogeoscientists.”