History Page: Leaders in MSK Radiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska (1867–1934)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 272-273
Author(s):  
Iwona Sudoł-Szopińska ◽  
Marta Panas-Goworska

AbstractThis history page in the series “Leaders in MSK radiology” is dedicated to the memory and achievements of the Polish researcher born in Warsaw and graduate of Sorbonne University, Maria Curie-Skłodowska, two-time Nobel Prize winner and the most well-known female scientist in the world, recognized as the pioneer of radiology.

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
O. B. Karyakin

On July 26, 1895, Pierre Curie and Maria Sklodowska were married.  On June 23, 1903, Maria presented her doctoral dissertation “Investigation of radioactive substances” at the Sorbonne, which described the results of hard work in previous years, including the isolation of new elements - polonium and radium. In the same 1903, Marie and Pierre Curie were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics “in recognition of the exceptional services they rendered to science through the joint research of radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel”. She became the first female - laureate and remained the only one until 1935, when her daughter Irene was awarded the Nobel Prize.  In 1911, Marie Curie received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry “for outstanding achievements in the development of chemistry: the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element”. Marie Curie became the first and to date the only woman in the world -twice the Nobel Prize winner.  After many years, the proposal of Marie and Pierre Curie on the use of radium in medicine has been implemented at the present time. Studied and proved its effectiveness in the treatment of bone metastases of prostate cancer.  The merits of these scientists before the whole world can hardly be overestimated. Humanity gratefully keeps a good memory for great discoveries for the benefit of people.


2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 528-529
Author(s):  
Elena V. Ipatova

Ivan P. Pavlov was the first Russian Nobel Prize winner, a great scientist, the pride of the national science community and ‘the first physiologist of the world’, as described by his colleagues at an international congress. 22 February 2016 marks 80 years since the death of the Russian scientist, physiologist Ivan Pavlov.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
J. Arvid Ågren

There really is something special about biology. The French biochemist and Nobel Prize winner Jacques Monod described its position among the sciences as simultaneously marginal and central (Monod 1970, p. xi). It is marginal, because its object of study—living organisms—are but a special case of chemistry and physics, contributing to only a minuscule part of the universe. Biology will never be the source of natural laws in the way physics is. At the same time, if, as Monod believed, the whole point of science is to understand humanity’s place in the world, then biology is the most central of them all. No other field of study deals so directly with the question of who we are and how we got here in the first place....


2012 ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Makarov

The article considers the life and creative achievements of the great Soviet scientist academician Leonid Kantorovich, the only Nobel Prize winner in economics in our country. Basic spheres of his scientific interests are noted, the contribution to the world science is assessed. The problems connected with the implementation of optimization methods of planning in the Soviet economy are shown.


2021 ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Ewa Sławkowa

The author attempts a polemic against the thesis on the anthropocentric nature of language, which has been established in linguistics. To this end, she proposes reading Olga Tokarczuk’s prose in the categories of post- and transhumanism to show that the writer’s works encompass the vision of the world which challenges the thesis on anthropocentrism of language adopted in linguistics. The object of the analysis is the linguistic phenomena (coming from various language layers: mainly lexical, syntactic, and orthographic ones) expressing the writer’s conviction of the unity of the human and non-human worlds and her clearly environmentally friendly attitude, which can be found in individual works by the Nobel Prize winner, and thus questioning the order of the reality based on human dominance and control over the nature. Keywords: posthumanism – anthropocentrism of language – metaphor – poetic definition


Author(s):  
Alexander Sukhodolov ◽  
Elena Antipina

The article considers the peculiarities of the philosophical concepts implementation and the essence of anthropocosmism in the works by the great Russian writer, Nobel prize winner I. A. Bunin. A comparative analysis of his works «The Gentleman from San Francisco» and «Waters Aplenty» is given. The cultural phenomenon of wandering is shown in order to reveal a specific character of the writers poetic universe. The peculiarities of I. A. Bunins anthropocosmic philosophy are described, his idea of the universe as of a structured world and of the man in the light of the artistic and philosophical, religious and ethical opposition «The Gentleman of the World» - «The Cosmopolite» is substantiated.


1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rem V. Petrov ◽  
Tatyana I. Ulyankina

On the 15 of May we celebrated the 150th anniversary of the outstanding Russian biologist Elias E. Metchnikoff (1845–1916)—Nobel Prize winner (1908), full and honorary member of many scientific academies of the world. His main works were applied to the zoology of invertebtates, evolution, embryology, immunology, microbiology, infectious pathology, gerontology, etc. Elias Metchnikoff published essays on anthropology, theory of orthobiosis, role of social and social-hygienic factors in solving the problems of old age and life elongation. On 30 May-2 June 1995 an International Symposium dedicated to Metchnikoff's 150th anniversary was held in Moscow. This is a text of the lecture given by us at the opening ceremony.


1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
Delberi E. Philpott

Our boss, the Nobel Prize winner Dr. Albert Szent Gyorgyi, believed in working hard and playing hard. He expected dedication and esprit de corps to come from the intermingling of work and special moments of relaxation. Our respect and dedication to him and his philosophy was never more evident than on April Fool's Day.The Institute consisted of 12 to 13 scientists, each working on some aspect of muscle structure or function. Its location in Woods Hole, MA, at the tip of Cape Cod was ideal. Dr. Szeni Gyorgyi had gazed out the window of my laboratory on my first day saying, “if I ever walk in and see you staring out the window at the sailboats and fishing vessels I will know you are just recharging your battery.” His warm friendly approach, the seashore and the visiting scientists from all over the world made me feel that this was as close to heaven as I would ever get.


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