How to Improve Safety Commitment: A Case Study on a Plastic Manufacturer in East Java

Introduction: Every year, work accidents frequently occur at PT. X. The initial survey showed a lack of control and commitment to be the main problems. Commitment is the core of the implementation of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS). This study aims to determine the factors that can increase safety commitment of workers. Method: This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. In this study, the independent variables were age, gender, years of service, education level, safety motivation, management of safety commitment, safety communication, and social support. Meanwhile, the dependent variable was the safety commitment. 78 workers were selected using a simple random sampling technique from a population of 395 workers. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Data analysis used a multinomial logistic regression test. Results: 64.1% of workers were aged 41-51 years old, 56.4% were females, 82.0% had >10 years of service, 75.6% had a secondary education level, 56.4% had high safety motivation, 57.7% assessed management commitment to safety as low, 59.0% assessed safety communication as less, 52.6% had high social support, and 37.2% tended to have continuous safety commitment. Characteristics of workers (age, gender, years of service, education level), safety motivation, and social support did not affect safety commitment. Meanwhile, management commitment to safety (p=0.004) and safety communication (p=0.014) affected safety commitment of workers. Conclusion: The way to increase workers' commitment to safety is to increase the company's commitment to OHS and improve safety communication efforts.Keywords: management commitment to safety, safety commitment, safety communication

The Effect of Abusive Supervision on Safety Behaviour: A Moderated Mediation Model

Leadership behavior has an impact on the behavior of employees. Previous studies have mainly studied the impact of positive leadership behaviors on employees’ behaviors, but there is an absence of research on the impact of negative leadership behaviours (abusive supervision) on safety behaviours (including safety participation and safety compliance). In this study, 599 front-line employees in the petrochemical industry were selected as subjects. Abusive supervision, safety behaviour, safety motivation and a conscientiousness questionnaire were used as measurements to explore the relationship between abusive supervision and employee safety behaviors, and to further explore the roles of safety motivation, conscientiousness and the relationship between them. This study found that abusive supervision is negatively related to employee safety behaviours (safety compliance and safety participation); that safety motivation plays a mediating role in the relationship between abusive supervision and employees’ safety behavior; and that conscientiousness moderates the role of safety motivation between the relationship of abusive supervision and employees’ safety behaviour. With a higher level of conscientiousness, the indirect relationship between abusive supervision and employee safety behaviours is weaker. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical significance of these findings for abusive supervision and the management of safety behaviours.

The Impact of Superior Roles in Safety Management on Safety Performance in SME Manufacturing in Malaysia

Small and medium entrepreneurship (SMEs) is the backbone of countries’ development. Over the years, there have been a large percentage of workplace injuries by SMEs in Malaysia, including financial and other SMEs’ constraints, which inform of inexpensive approach, thus requiring effective approaches to boost their safety performance. SME is unique in terms of characteristics, such as flat organizational structure. Thus, the owner-managers and the supervisors’ safety management, respectively, are proposed to impact the safety performance. This signals the need to examine how owner-managers and supervisors’ safety management practices improve occupational safety performance in SME manufacturing companies. Grounded on the Theories of Accident Causation, the present study applied a research model examining the relationship between owner-manager safety management practices (safety concern, safety policy and safety motivation) and safety management of supervisors, and the overall safety performance in Malaysia’s SME manufacturing. The questionnaires were distributed to the production workers in SME manufacturing firms in Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 165 production workers participated in the study. The data collected were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. Based on the analysis, the study revealed that safety concern, safety policy and safety motivation, each, have a meaningful relationship with safety performance, while the supervisor’s safety management did not significantly affect safety performance. Our results extend previous research by highlighting the importance of owner-manager safety management practices in driving safety performance and indicating how each dimension of safety management practices either enhances or inhibits safety performance. The present study is the first empirical research investigating the relationship between manager and supervisor’s safety management and safety performance in the SME manufacturing setting.

Influence of Safety Culture on Employee Safety Motivation and Error Behaviour in Selected Petroleum Industries in Niger-Delta

The study assessed the influence of safety culture on employee safety motivation and error behaviour in selected petroleum industries in the Niger-delta. Perceived process safety culture has significant impact on employees’ safety motivation and employee error behaviours in petroleum industries were the hypothesis tested for the study. Numerous empirical examinations states process safety culture failure as largely responsible for catastrophic occurrences in oil and gas platforms which has resulted in loss of lives, properties and caused diverse dangers to the environment. The study methodology is descriptive statistics utilising regression analysis. The field production / process plant operations workers of the Local/National and International Oil Companies were considered. The Population of the study: includes workers of the processing unit of ExxonMobil, Total Exploration & Production, Shell Petroleum Development Company, Agip Oil Company, Savannah Energy Public Limited Company (PLC), Network Exploration & Production, Frontier Oil, Aieteo Eastern Exploration & Production Company, Universal Energy Resources Ltd and Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). Population consist of one thousand workers of the processing unit of ten companies with a proportion of five selected International Oil Companies (IOCs) and five Local Oil Companies (LOCs) selected by convenience sample techniques with only 816 valid responses. The sampling technique was purposive, convenience and quota sampling. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) IBM 20 was the software utilised for the analysis. The primary source of data collection was questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of Three (3) Sections and contains Thirty-seven (37) questions including the Socio-demographic data. Cronbach alpha coefficient from the reliability test carried out on the pre-test data showed an overall outcome of 0.872, which is considered very strong since and not far from 1.0. The study reveals that the Perceived process safety culture has no significant impact on employees’ safety motivation. Also, perceived process safety culture has a significant impact on employee error behaviours in petroleum industries. The study recommended that organisations should continue performing activities that keeps employees personally motivated. While employees must find ways to motivate themselves towards safety. Employee safety trainings should be organised to improve safety culture and avoid error behaviour.

THE EFFECT OF OWNER-MANAGER’S SAFETY LEADERSHIP AND SUPERVISOR’S SAFETY ROLE ON SAFETY PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA’S MANUFACTURING SMEs

Safety leadership has been advocated as the most appropriate approach towards injury prevention. Besides, supervisor safety role is also proposed to be crucial towards good safety performance in SMEs. Henceforth, this study aisled to determine the direct impact of safety leadership (safety concern, safety policy, and safety motivation) played by the owner-managers on safety performance within the SME manufacturers in Selangor, Malaysia. Furthermore, this study also evaluated the mediating effect of supervisor safety roles towards safety leadership and safety performance' relationship. The data was collected among 165 SME manufacturing workers from 37 factories and Partial Least Square – Structured Equation Model (PSL-SEM) was performed for data analyses. The results indicated that safety leadership in terms of safety concern, safety policy, and safety motivation has significant impact on safety performance. However, supervisor safety role does not mediate the relationship between safety leadership and safety performance. These results proved importance of direct safety management by the owner-managers and supervisors towards safety performance.Safety leadership approach delivered by the owner-managers could be the best way to improve safety performance despite all the limitation within SMEs.

Assessment of the effects of supervisor behaviour, safety motivation and perceived job insecurity on underground miner’s safety citizenship behaviour

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of mining supervisor behaviour, safety motivation and perceived job insecurity on Ghanaian underground miner’s safety citizenship behaviour. Design/methodology/approach The authors proposed a conceptual framework that tested supervisor behaviour as an independent variable, safety motivation as a mediator variable, perceived job insecurity as a moderator variable and safety citizenship behaviour as a dependent variable. The authors tested the hypothesized relationships using 351 valid responses collected through a structured questionnaire using hierarchical regression analysis. Findings Results revealed that both components of supervisor behaviour significantly influenced safety motivation and safety citizenship behaviour. Furthermore, safety motivation could mediate the relationships between both components of supervisor behaviour and safety citizenship behaviour. Also, perceived job insecurity failed to moderate the relationship between safety motivation and safety citizenship behaviour. Originality/value This current study is vital for managerial practices. The complex conceptual framework also contributes to offering different ways of understanding how supervisors’ behaviours can catalyze improvement or worsen safety outcomes.

Impact of Construction Safety Culture and Construction Safety Climate on Safety Behavior and Safety Motivation

The construction industry is known for its disappointing safety performance. Therefore, rethinking current safety management frameworks is crucial. This study assesses a newly proposed construction safety culture and climate framework that aims to overcome the present ambiguity in the definitions and measurement of construction safety culture and construction safety climate. The goal is to provide a practical construction safety culture and safety climate framework that fits the construction industry’s needs. A survey was designed to validate the proposed framework and assess its influence on safety behavior and safety motivation. The survey was completed by 275 construction practitioners. The findings suggest that the construction safety culture initiates and maintains the construction safety climate. Similarly, the construction safety culture, which is represented by the actions of upper management and safety personnel, significantly contributes to higher levels of safety behavior and safety motivation, whereas the construction safety climate does not. Accordingly, this study highlights the importance of the construction safety culture’s influence on overall workplace culture. This study’s contribution to the body of knowledge is critical to improving construction workplaces’ overall safety performance. The findings can be strategically used by construction firms to address the construction industry’s higher rates of fatal and nonfatal injuries. Finally, the results obtained support the newly proposed framework of construction safety culture and climate, which, in turn, helps the industry better manage overall site safety.

The Influence of Safety Climate, Motivation, and Knowledge on Worker Compliance and Participation: An Empirical Study of Indonesian SMEs

Safety behavior is a crucial thing which must be considered concerning accidents in work areas. Work accidents are primarily led by unsafe behaviors. Those behaviors can be expressed based on the degree of safety compliance and safety participation of employees. Several studies related to safety behavior in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have been conducted. However, studies related to the integration of person-related factors and situation-related factors are rare. The purpose of the study is to observe the safety climate (as a situation-related factor), and safety motivation and safety knowledge (as person-related factors) toward safety compliance and safety participation in SMEs. This study was conducted on 29 Indonesian SMEs’ metal manufacturing, and a self-administered questionnaire was utilized as a research instrument. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to evaluate the effect of safety climate, safety motivation, and safety knowledge on safety behavior. The results showed that safety climate and safety knowledge are positively significant in influencing both safety compliance and safety participation. However, safety motivation has a positive significant effect on safety participation only. The implication of this result has been discussed.