scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory System During Bicycle Ergometer Testing in Biathletes and Cross-Country Skiers of the Komi Republic

2021 ◽  
pp. 305-315
Author(s):  
Yuriy Solonin ◽  
◽  
Igorʼ Garnov ◽  
Tatʼyana Loginova ◽  
Aleksandr Markov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Double Product ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Unit Of Work

The purpose of this paper was to compare the physiological parameters of the cardiorespiratory system at rest and during the bicycle ergometer test to exhaustion in biathletes and cross-country skiers to identify the difference in the aerobic performance of athletes of two closely related winter sports. Materials and methods: 18 biathletes and 28 male cross-country skiers aged 17–21 years, all with the rank of the Candidate for Master of Sport, were examined. Bicycle ergometer testing to exhaustion was used (Oxycon Pro, Germany), cardiorespiratory parameters were analysed, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was determined, and the physiological cost of a unit of work was calculated. Results. At rest, a statistically significantly higher level of fitness was revealed in crosscountry skiers compared with biathletes according to such haemodynamic parameters as systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and double product. At maximal load, an increased degree of fitness was found in cross-country skiers in terms of power and duration of bicycle ergometer exercise, cardiac and pulse cost per unit of work, as well as gross and specific VO2 max. The body of cross-country skiers under the test to exhaustion (according to oxygen pulse value) functions more efficiently than the body of biathletes. Thus, higher level of fitness among cross-country skiers of the Komi Republic is manifested in the economization of cardiorespiratory functions both at rest and at maximal ergometric loads, as well as in the value of specific physiological cost per unit of work. Increased functionality (or reserves) of cross-country skiers is indicated by such parameters as systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, double product, respiratory minute volume, oxygen consumption, and energy expenditure. It can be assumed that the aerobic performance of biathletes is lower than that of cross-country skiers as the former receive less training in cross-country skiing.

CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM UNDER BICYCLE ERGOMETER TEST IN SKIERS WITH DIFFERENT TRAINING STATUS (KOMI REPUBLIC)

2019 ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Yu.G. Solonin ◽  
T.P. Loginova ◽  
I.O. Garnov ◽  
A.L. Markov ◽  
A.A. Chernykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Rate Pressure Product ◽  
Training Status ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Bicycle Ergometry ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Unit Pulse ◽  
Ski Racers

The aim of the study is to examine the impact of training status on ski racers (Komi Republic) at rest and under bicycle ergometry evaluating their cardiorespiratory system parameters. Materials and Methods. The authors examined male ski racers with different training status: 22 first-rank sportsmen, 22 candidates for Master of Sports and 22 Masters of Sports. Athletes underwent bicycle ergometry loads up to refusal. Oxycon Pro system (Germany) was used. Then authors studied the complex of cardiorespiratory parameters, calculating maximum oxygen consumption and unit physiological cost. Results. At rest and under standard physical load (200 W) Masters of Sports demonstrate significantly increased training status among ski racers in such cardiorespiratory system parameters as heart rate, rate pressure product and oxygen pulse. Under standard physical load (200 W) statistically significant differences between first-rank sportsmen and candidates for Master of Sports are detected by heart rate, rate pressure product, respiration rate, respiratory minute volume and oxygen utilization coefficient. Such deviations indicate differences in training status. Under maximum load, the highest training status is found in Masters of Sports: bicycle ergometry load power and duration; unit pulse, pressor and cardiac cost, bulk and unit values of maximum oxygen consumption. Heart rate values, unit pulse and heart-vent cost indicate a high training status in candidates for Master of Sports under load up to refusal, if compared with first-rank sportsmen. Athletes’ organism under load up to refusal works more efficiently than under moderate load (200 W). The training status in ski racers (Komi Republic) is manifested in the saving cardiorespiratory system functions, both at rest and under standard bicycle ergometry, as well as in parameters of unit physiological cost under loads up to refusal and increased values of maximum oxygen consumption. Keywords: ski racers, Komi Republic, training status, bicycle ergometry loads, cardiorespiratory system, maximum oxygen consumption.

scholarly journals Single Ingestion of Trehalose Enhances Prolonged Exercise Performance by Effective Use of Glucose and Lipid in Healthy Men

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1439
Author(s):  
Naomi Hamada ◽  
Tsuyoshi Wadazumi ◽  
Yoko Hirata ◽  
Mayumi Kuriyama ◽  
Kanji Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Healthy Men

Trehalose increases blood glucose levels slowly and induces a slight insulin response. The present study aimed to study the effect of trehalose on prolonged exercise performance. The participants were 12 healthy men (age: 21.3 ± 0.9 y). After an overnight fast (12 h), they first exercised with a constant load (intensity: 40% V˙O2peak) for 60 min using a bicycle ergometer. They continued to exercise with a constant load (40% V˙O2peak) for 30 min between four sets of the 30-s Wingate test. After the 1st set, each participant ingested 500 mL water (control), 8% glucose, or 8% trehalose in three trials. These three trials were at least one week apart and were conducted in a double-blind and randomized crossover manner. Blood was collected for seven biochemical parameters at 12 time points during the experiment. The area under the curve of adrenaline after ingestion of trehalose was significantly lower than that for water and tended to be lower than that for glucose in the later stage of the exercise. Lower secretion of adrenaline after a single dose of 8% trehalose during prolonged exercise reflected the preservation of carbohydrates in the body in the later stage of the exercise. In conclusion, a single ingestion of trehalose helped to maintain prolonged exercise performance.

scholarly journals Physiological cost as a factor determining the effectiveness of human activity in the visual images reproduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261
Author(s):  
M. A Merkulova ◽  
M. M Lapkin
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
Single Approach ◽  
Physiological Value

Physiological value is one of the factors affecting the effectiveness of human activities. Currently, there is no single approach to assess the physiological value of human behavior. The article presents data on the role of the physiological cost of human activity, estimated by the indicators of mathematical analysis of heart rate, in the reproduction of matrix visual images. The article puts forward the position that the physiological cost of activity is an important factor in the formation of unequal performance. At the same time, the physiological cost is reflected not only in shifts in a number of physiological indicators when the subjects perform a particular activity, but in the nature and levels of expression of correlation relationships between indicators of this activity and indicators that reflect physiological changes in the body at the same time.

Body Composition (% Fat) and Heat Stress of Well Conditioned Young Adult Males

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-564
Author(s):  
Michael W. Riley ◽  
David J. Cochran ◽  
Arthur J. Soundy
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Young Adult Males

The physiological responses of heart rate, oxygen consumption, sweat loss, rectal temperature and mean skin temperature were monitored as eight well-conditioned young adult males were exposed to effective temperatures of 70°F, 80°F and 90°F. The body fat contents of the subjects ranged from 11.3% to 34%. The subjects pedalled a 300 kilopond meters/minute load on a bicycle ergometer for 25 minutes. Results indicate that body fat or the percent of body fat squared have a statistically significant effect on the dependent variables of oxygen consumption/lean body weight, change in heart rate, core-skin temperature gradient, and oxygen consumption/maximum oxygen consumption.

Dependence of the functional capacity of the cardiorespiratory system on the body mass in patients with coronary heart disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-269
Author(s):  
G. N. Okuneva ◽  
E. N. Levicheva ◽  
A. M. Chernyavskii ◽  
S. P. Mironenko
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System

Effects of Hydroxyurea Administration on the Body Weight, Body Composition and Exercise Performance of Patients with Sickle-Cell Anaemia

1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Hackney ◽  
W. Hezier ◽  
T. P. Gulledge ◽  
S. Jones ◽  
D. Strayhorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Significant Difference

1. As an ancillary study carried out during the recently completed Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea, we examined the effect of hydroxyurea on the body weight, body composition and exercise capacity of adult patients with sickle-cell anaemia. 2. The subjects received either hydroxyurea (six males and four females) or placebo (eight males and six females). Data for each subject were generated during four separate 24 h admissions to the General Clinical Research Center. These admissions occurred at baseline and then at 6, 12 and 18 months after the start of study drug (hydroxyurea or placebo) administration. During each admission, body composition was measured by using a dual X-ray absorptiometer, and exercise testing was performed by cycle ergometry. Anaerobic performance was assessed according to a ‘Wingate’ protocol (20 s at maximal intensity against a cycling resistance of 7.5% body weight). Aerobic performance was examined using a steady state submaximal exercise protocol (10 min cycling time). 3. At baseline, no significant difference in any parameter was found between the hydroxyurea- and placebo-treated groups. At 18 months, the hydroxy-urea-treated subjects exhibited an average weight gain of 3.16 kg. The mean weight gain in the placebo-treated subjects was 1.82 kg. Body composition analysis showed that the additional weight in both groups involved both lean and fat body mass components. In anaerobic performance, the subjects given hydroxyurea showed an increase in peak muscle power of 104.9 W. The placebo group also showed an increase, but theirs was a more modest gain of 57.7 W. The most marked improvement in anaerobic performance was observed in the hydroxyurea-treated men (P < 0.05). In aerobic performance, the hydroxyurea-treated subjects exhibited a decrease in peak heart rate response to a standardized workload of 15.2 beats/min, as compared with a decrease of only 4.3 beats/min in the placebo-treated patients. 4. Taken together, the overall weight gain, combined with increases in both anaerobic muscular performance and aerobic cardiovascular efficiency, provides objective data to support the subjective impression that hydroxyurea administration produces an improvement in the physical capacity of patients with sickle-cell anaemia.

scholarly journals Assessment of the adaptive potential of students of the first course of a technical university

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
O.V. Martyniuk ◽  
V.M. Vilyanskiy ◽  
G.M. Shamardina
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Survival Function ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Double Product ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Technical University

<p><strong>Aim: </strong>assessment of the adaptive potential of students ? course of a technical university.</p><p><strong>Material and methods:</strong> literature review, methods for assessing adaptive potential and biological age, rapid assessment of the level of<strong> </strong>physical health; methods of mathematical statistics; stating experiment with the participation of students of the 1 course (n = 56).</p><p><strong>Results. </strong>A sufficiently high accuracy of recognition of the state of the body provides a method for determining the adaptive potential. In the course of the ascertaining experiment, it was established that 44.64% of students were assigned to the first group - satisfactory adaptation, and 55.36% - the tension of adaptation mechanisms to the second group. Persons with unsatisfactory adaptation or with its failure were not identified. In order to study the changes in the functional state depending on the established adaptive potential, a comparative analysis of the average statistical values ??of the indices of rapid assessment of physical health and biological age indices, which characterize the biological survival function, as one of the main manifestations of human health, was carried out. Statistically significant differences in some indicators were revealed, namely: adaptive potential (p&lt;0.001); biological age (p&lt;0.1); index “double product” (p&lt;0.001); Ruthier Index (p&lt;0.001); level of physical health (p&lt;0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions. </strong>As a result of these studies, the fact was revealed that an increase in the work of the adaptive mechanisms of the body is accompanied by significant changes, which are reflected in: acceleration of the aging process of the body; the tension of the cardiovascular system at rest and when performing standard physical activity; lowering the level of bioenergy resources of the body.</p>

scholarly journals VITAMIN STATUS IN ATHLETES OF DIFFERENT SPORTS BEFORE COMPETITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
N Potolitsyna ◽  
A Nutrikhin ◽  
E Bojko
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Women Athletes ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Vitamin Status ◽  
Cross Country

Aim. The aim of this study was to assess the vitamin status of athletes involved in various sports before important competitions. Materials and Methods. Athletes (n = 176) from six sports (сross-country skiing, biathlon, cycling, track-and-field, taekwondo, basketball) living in the territory of the Komi Republic were examined. Blood sampling was performed from the cubital vein 5–7 days before important competitions. Results. The results of this study showed widespread inadequate levels of some of the vitamins in athletes. The greatest number of people with hypovitaminosis (especially vitamins B1 and E) was among cross-country skiers, biathletes and taekwondo athletes. In general, the situation was similar for men and women. Comparative ana­lysis of the vitamin status in athletes and people from this area (not athletes) showed that women-athletes had a generally higher incidence of deficiency than nonathletic women, and men-athletes had a similar vitamin status to nonathletic men. Conclusion. The results of this study showed that highly skilled athletes, regardless of the sport, were characterized by a high risk of vitamin deficiency. It is necessary to pay attention to the vitamin status of athletes, so as not to put at risk their health and physical performance.

scholarly journals ADAPTATION OF PILOTS AND TECHNICAL ENGINEERING PERSONNEL IN CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS OF THE FAR NORTH

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
G. G. Zagorodnikov ◽  
A. N. Zhekalov ◽  
G. N. Zagorodnikov ◽  
P. V. Agaphonov
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Occupational Adaptation ◽  
Double Product ◽  
Technical Staff ◽  
Far North ◽  
Engineering Personnel

The aim of the study: to determine the dynamics of a functional state of the body of pilots and the engineering technical staff in the course of military occupational adaptation to new climatic conditions. Materials and methods. The study enrolled military men aged 24–38 who were split into two groups: the first group (n=34) — the flight personnel, the second group — the engineering technical staff. The course of survey was divided into 3 phases. Results and discussion. For the duration of follow-up, the control group showed increasing of indices of heart rate, cardiac output, double product and circulatory efficiency in comparison with the flight personnel group. In the first group, adaptation disorders were manifested with reducing scope allocation of attention as well as increasing index of instability of simple sensomotor reaction to photic stimulation.

scholarly journals PRIMARY CARE: HOW TO INCREASE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN YOUR PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-279
Author(s):  
A. L. Slobodyanyuk ◽  
I. A. Кrylova ◽  
V. I. Kupaev
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Sedentary lifestyle, being a behavioral risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases, is relevant for preventive medicine. A key role in the correction of behavioral risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases is occupied by general medical practice, where the patient is continuously observed for many years. Increased physical activity reduces the risk of atherosclerosis, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, malignant tumors, has a positive effect on the psychological state of patients and reduces the overall morbidity and mortality. Increasing the reserves of the cardiorespiratory system of the body, physical activity improves the quality of life of patients and reduces the cost of medical care.To effectively combat sedentary lifestyle, it is necessary to adequately motivate patients that can be achieved through routine counseling to enhance physical activity. The method of such consultation should take into account limited time of outpatient admission and all personal characteristics of patients (starting level of physical activity, health group and risk of disease).The article presents a summary of modern scientific views in the field of increasing physical activity of patients, discusses current issues of counseling. The groups of patients with or without chronic diseases and the high risk of cardiovascular complications were discussed. The variant of rational outpatient counseling with the help of the algorithm of organization of physical activity mode, providing stratification of patients, planning, optimization and control of personal motor activity was presented. The proposed method of optimization of counseling successfully solves the problems of motivation, increase of physical activity and individual approach in outpatient practice.

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