Factors influencing sustainability of open defecation free (ODF) status in rural India: A cross sectional study

Tackling a simple and sensitive concern of ‘Open Defecation (OD)’ is such a compounded and righteous challenge that enormous efforts and resources are needed to bring in the desired changes in the villages. Towards this, attaining open defecation free (ODF) status by providing toilet facilities to every household is the foremost step in rural sanitation programme under Swachh Bharat Mission – Gramin (SBM –G) being implemented by the Government of India. The present paper aims to examine the factors that have influence in attaining ODF status in rural areas. In this study, various parameters that contribute to attaining ODF status in the villages were identified and an extensive primary survey was conducted in 32,390 households across 686 rural villages in Krishna District of Andhra Pradesh, India. The empirical analysis of the data using a multinomial logistic regression model revealed that the factors such as water availability, safe excreta disposal, technology used for toilet construction and awareness on Swachh Bharat have an influence in achieving the open defecation free status in the villages to a greater extent.

Analysis of the effect of weight loss through bariatric surgery on depression

Bariatric surgery results in significant improvement in health related quality of life and depressive symptoms irrespective of the wide range of weight change. This experiment was planned to assess the incidence of depression in obese respondents and to analyse the change in depression after weight loss through bariatric surgery.To analyse the incidence of depression in obese individuals undergoing bariatric surgery and the significance of change in depression status after weight loss.The study was conducted in a multispecialty hospital having obesity clinic and bariatric surgery unit. The depression level before the study and at six months post surgery was assessed using a standard tool named Beck’s inventory. Study period was from 2015 to 2017.Respondents having BMI of 33-50 Kg/m belonging to both the genders in the age range of 18-65 years. The respondents having BMI more than 50Kg/m were excluded in this study.18 respondents who underwent bariatric surgery were included in the study. Percentage distribution, Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA, and Paired t test were the tools utilised in statistical analysis of the data.Schedule to assess change in nutritional status using a structured questionnaire considering anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary parameters, and standard tool named Beck’s Depression Inventory, which is a tool for depression status. The surgery patients had initial Beck Score ranging from 1 to 14 indicating mild depression which on follow up reduced to 0 to 7. The weight loss in both genders were similar to each other. The change in intake of nutrients and the scores of depression were more prominent in men than that of women. Respondents pre operatively had mild mood disturbances which after weight loss, became a normal mood.Thus it can be concluded that weight loss through bariatric surgery is effective in reducing depression.

Effect of physical therapy on posture and quality of life in subject with parkinson\'s disease

It is a chronic progressive degenerative disorder of extra pyramidal system caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and characterized by tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and disturbance of gait and posture.The neuropsychiatric symptoms of PD may include depression, psychosis, apathy, impulse control disorders that are linked with the poor quality of life due to the progression of disease. Despite, cognitive impairment in PD is of great significance in terms of therapeutic approaches in order to deal with motor deficits of disorder. Multiple studies have revealed that exercise has been proven to be effective for the maintenance of health and well-being in Parkinson’s. More importantly it is shown to play a significant role in addressing secondary prevention based on strength, flexibility, functional independence as well as gait and balance respectively.To evaluate the effect of physical therapy on posture and quality of life in subject with Parkinson’s diseaseSource of Data: Radha multispecielist Hospital, Shreeji Hospital, Parul Shevashram,Venus.Sampaling Method: Convenience,samplingSample Size: 30 subject were included (15 in) each groupsSelection f Sample: convenientStudy Design: experimentalStudy Duration: 30 min/day/7 week(1)Patient with 50 to 75 years of age (2)Participants patient diagnosed with Parkinson’s diseases (3) Both gender are included (4) The participants were at stage 3 of Parkinson’s disease, according the Hoehn and Yahr scale. (1) The examined patients did not have other coexisting neurodegenerative. (2)Mentally challenged (3) Orthopedic deformity. (1) Short form health survey. (20) Body posture questionnaire.This study included 30 patient 18 male and 12 female giving a sex ratio. Mean age of participant was 62 year. There were 15 patients in control group and 15 patients in experimental group. All patients completed treatment and evaluated at baseline and at the end of study. Mean value of sf-36 was 50.59 and 52.59 for experimental and control group respectively. These means later increase to 74.90 and 59.00 respectively with p value 0.001. Mean value of body posture questionnaire was 47.27 and50.07 for experimental and control group respectively. These mean later increase to72.47 and 59 respectively with p value 0.001 Statistically significant change was present for posture and quality of life with p<0.001 for both group.Post intervention assessment will be done by body posture questionnaire and SF-36, for posture and quality of life assessment in 30 subjects meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria dividing in to two group by convenience.Group AGroup BThe obtained results revealed that the influence of applied program had a positive influence on posture and quality of life in people with Parkinson’s disease.When functional movement is applied on a regular basis, improvement of quality of life and everyday life activities can be noticed.

Effects of aquatic therapy on the physiological knee varus deformity and osteoarthritis through radiographic findings in post menopausal obese women- A case report

Obesity is strongly linked to osteoarthritis (OA) at the knee. Varus malalignment intensifies the effect of excess body weight on the medial tibio femoral compartment. Aquatic therapies are beneficial in the management of patients with musculoskeletal problems, however management specific of osteoarthritis has shown to be effective in reducing Pain, Stiffness and has a high compliance of the patient to the Therapy. Aquatic exercises seems to offer the safest and most protective environment for obese individuals due to the buoyancy effects of immersion, which minimizes the risk of joint injury. Although Aquatic therapy is widely used all over the world, literature on the correcting Physiological knee Varus in Indian population is lacking. This case report is first from India (Mumbai) which shows the beneficial effects of Aquatic therapy on Obese female with OA knee, correction of the physiological Varus and its evidence on a Visual radiographic increased in joint space in knee varus deformity with reduction in Pain and improving her gait pattern & her quality of life.

A study to assess the effectiveness of nebulization followed by chest physiotherapy among patients with respiratory problem, admitted in era hospital at Lucknow

Acute respiratory infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young adults worldwide. T hey account for nearly 3.9 million deaths every year globally. Chest physiotherapy plays an import ant role by promoting drainage and ensuring normal lung expansion in parenchymal lung diseases and pleural diseases. Hence I was keen to evaluate the effectiveness of nebulisation with chest physiotherapy on respiratory status among adults patients with selected respiratory disorders like bronchitis, bronchiolitis, asthma, COPD and pneumonia. It was a quantit ative approach , Quasi experimental study design used (30) with respiratory disorders within the age group of 20-35 above years receiving nebulisation with chest physiotherapy using purposive sampling technique. Respiratory status assessment of clinical parameters (Rating Scale) and Bio physiological measurements(BPM) was done. For experimental group nebulisation with chest physiotherapy for 6 minutes in 10 positions. For control group nebulisation alone given both morning and evening for 2days. Mean, standard deviation, t -test , pearson chisquare test is used for statistical analysis. In experiment al group the respiratory disorder patients are reduced their clinical parameter distress score from 11.33 t o 4.17 . They are able to reduce 7.16 score from base line score. In control group 11.33 t o 7.90 t hey are able to reduce 3.27 score from base line score. Regarding bio physiological parameter, the reduction is statistically significant (P=0.001***) in both groups. Thus the author concludes that Improvement in respiratory status seen in children who receive nebulisation along with chest physiotherapy . Thus patients with respiratory diseases will benefit from the intervention in improving their respiratory status by clearing the secretions.

A glimpse of dietary recommendations for undernutrition children below five years of age in West Bengal

Undernutrition is one of the significant public health issues for developing countries like India. Although a decreasing rate still needs to concentrate more on the stunting and waste cases of under-five children living in every district in India. This short review study has mainly focused on West Bengal’s children under five years of age residing in rural and urban areas with various undernutrition issues. The study’s aim and objective are to assess the current status of undernutrition among children in India, precisely West Bengal. The open-access data from Unicef on stunting estimation and National Family Health Survey 5 (NFHS-5) data on key indicators for West Bengal were computed and analyzed as per available information. In addition, the nutrients data from Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) were also selected as per the requirements of 0-5 years of Indian children. Apart from basic level analysis, the dietary recommendations were also emphasized for the parents and stakeholders related to government and private community nutrition works. Moreover, the study shows a glimpse of undernutrition status and dietary recommendations for the below five years of children in rural and urban settings to make children nutritious.

Biomedical applications and therapeutic potential of marine natural products and marine algae

Recently there is an increase in the interest in the secondary or non-primary metabolites produced by the marine flora and fauna. It has become the center of attraction of chemists and pharmacologists in the previous decades. Stakeholders of the natural viewpoint emphasize that the examination of new and unusual organic molecules from marine organisms while the synthetic stakeholders' faiths in targeting these novel structures for the development of new analogs and new synthetic strategies and methodologies. The chemistry of marine organisms has changed dramatically in concern of investigating rationale. Analogous to the examination of terrestrial plants, many of the recent research and studies have concentrated on the potential application of marine extracted products in the treatment, curing of human diseases, and various other works. Marine products are the major components having biomedical-oriented natural products which can be used for various purposes. Marine natural products have enough potential to work prominently and also assisting in various kinds of human needs and works. In this review, we will be focusing on prominently their works, role in biomedical-related aspects.

Situational analysis of undernutrition and selected infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) in young children of Somanath Gir, Gujarat

: Undernutrition in young children is a cause of concern, maternal education, and IYCF practices, lack of nutrition knowledge are some of the key aspects for poor nutritional status of young children.To assess themagnitude of under nutrition and IYCF practices of young children (3-5 Y) of Somnath gir, Gujarat.: 120 mother and child pairs were randomly enrolled from the selected Anganwadi centers and preschool oSomnath gir f . Information on socioeconomic aspects,IYCF practices were elicited from mothers of young children through pre tested semi structured questionnaire. Height and weight and MUAC of these children were measured using standard methods.nutritional status was assessed using WHO growth standard 2006. Sixteen percent of the households had Below Poverty Card (BPL) 70.8% were other backward class. The educational attainment was limited for respondent mothers. Around 2.5 percent of the surveyed mothers never attended schools, and 45.8 percent had attended until grade 7. 57 % of the children were male. The overall stunting prevalence among children less than 60 months of age in the survey areas was 11.1 percent (<-2SD). As per MUAC cut-off for children, only 1.39% are at higher risk between 37-60 months of age. (MUAC <11.5cm). One-half of the children were breastfed immediately after the birth, and 48.3% children were breastfed within one hour of the birth. Only 64.2% children were given colostrum (yellow milk) which is known as “Immunity booster for the child”. Eighteen percent of the children were fed with pre-lacteals. Breastfeeding till the completion of 6 months were attained by 95.8% children. 78.3% children mothers’ reported the initiation of complementary feeding at right age i.e. after completion of 6 months of age. Conclusion: Under nutrition in young children needs to be prevented. Mothers of young children needs to be sensitized for optimal IYCF practices.

Anthropometry based nutritional status and dietary pattern of working adults of Gir Somnath District, Gujarat

: According to World health organization, health is a complete state of physical, mental and social well being. Various factors are responsible for good health. One of the important contributors of good health is type of food consumed by the people. To assess the demographic and socio economic factors affecting the food habit and to assess the food pattern and nutritional status prevalent in working adults of Veraval city.: 141 adults working in government or non government sectors we arerandomly selected from urban Veraval. Pre tested semi structured questionnaire was used to elicit information on Area,TypesofFamily,Types ofEmployer,Gender, Detailed FoodPattern,Medical history and Nutritional and health status of working adults. Mean age range of the sample of (N=141) was found to be 43 years. According to social category it was found that majority of the sample was OBC (48.2%) followed by General (28.4%), SC (12.1%) and ST (11.3%). percent of the population were doing Government jobs followed by 35.5 % Non-Government Jobs among them only 2.1 % were servant and housewife. 30 percent of the sample were found to have Normal (18.9-22.9 kg/m) BMI as well as 33.3% were obese (≥25kg/m). Twenty three percent of them were overweight (23-24.9 kg/m) and only 11.3% were underweight (≤18.5 kg/m). None of the sample was having the history of Heart related problems, Cancer and Asthma. Fifty nine percent of the sample was vegetarian. Fifty two percent of the sample was consuming meal 3 times a day. Conclusion: Dual Burden of Mal Nutrition was found in working adults of Veraval urban. Also their dietary practices were poor. There need for sensitization of people in workplace setting on healthy diets.

Challenges for the fishing community on nutritional perspective in West Bengal coastal areas during the COVID-19 pandemic

Covid 19 pandemic has been affecting from March 2020 to 2021 onwards to all types of people globally. The fishing community is one of the most affected communities depend on their limited income. Their health, mental condition, and lifestyles are all adversely affected by this pandemic situation, mainly for middle or lower-level income groups, including India. Additionally, covid 19 also has disrupted the livelihood of fishing communities in socio-economic and nutrition, especially health perspectives. To review and analyze current literature trends on covid 19 concerning fishing communities’ life, food habits, and challenges. The study was designed based on current literature from 2020 March till 2021 August, focussing mainly on the West Bengal coastal areas. ‘Fishing communities,’ ‘West Bengal coastal areas,’ ‘covid-19 crisis’, ‘social and economic challenges,’ ‘nutrition crisis’ are significant keywords and phrases used for the online searches in open access all databases including Pubmed, Google scholars. Fishing communities are highly affected due to the COVID-19 pandemic economically and on nutritional perspectives due to various factors. Presently, there are scant data; hence more research and views are needed about the fishing community in Indian and global perspective as well.