A Hybrid Space-Time Modelling Approach for Forecasting Monthly Temperature

Spatio-temporal forecasting has various applications in climate, transportation, geo-statistics, sociology, economics and in many other fields of study. The modelling of temperature and it forecasting is a challenging task due to spatial dependency of time series data and nonlinear in nature. To address these challenges, in this study we proposed hybrid Space-Time Autoregressive Moving Average-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscadicity (STARMA-GARCH) model in order to describe and identify the behaviour of monthly maximum temperature and temperature range in Bihar. At the modelling process of STARMA, spatial characteristics are incorporated into the model using a weight matrix based on great circle distance between the regions. The residuals from the fitted STARMA model have been tested by Brock, Dechert, and Scheinkman (BDS) and Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscadicity-Lagrange Multiplier (ARCH-LM) test for the behaviour of nonlinearity and ARCH effect respectively. The test results revealed that presence of both nonlinearity and ARCH effect. Hence GARCH modelling is necessary. Therefore, the hybrid STARMA-GARCH model is used to capture the dynamics of monthly maximum temperature and temperature range. The results of the proposed hybrid STARMA (1 1 , 0, 0)−GARCH (0, 1) model has better modelling efficiency and forecasting precision over STARMA (1 1 ,0, 0) model.

Hybrid spaces: Sustainable city components in the transit area of Jatinegara Station Indonesia

The Jatinegara Transit Area is an area of stations, residences and markets that have the potential to be developed into a Transit Oriented Development (TOD) area. The development aims to create a sustainable city and will become a hybrid area of a new residential ecosystem. In the research location, the rate of urbanization is relatively high which causes social and environmental problems that are very dangerous to the health and welfare of residents. Problems related to the environment include: increased CO2 emissions, loss of biodiversity, air pollution and climate change. Social problems involve the reduced space for interaction between residents due to the fulfilment of housing. Holistic planning is needed to solve this problem, through social and environmental approaches to create a sustainable city by developing a hybrid space model. The research method uses analytical methods (planning documents, design projects and literature), observation methods, comparative methods, etc. The first stage is mapping the existing conditions and the next stage is creating a model that applies a hybrid space. The conclusion of this research is that hybrid space is an alternative to improve air quality and provide public space for community interaction in terms of environmental and social sustainability.

Into the Space of the Digital Museum

This chapter explores the space of the digital museum, by which I refer to the space generated by digital art and the hybrid space produced in the experience of encountering collections through technology. I will showcase a number of artworks and digital platforms showing that digital museums spaces tend to be augmented, performative and relational, operating as microscopes, by bringing visitors closer or even inside artworks, and/or as telescopes, making it possible for visitors to experience remote artworks or heritage sites. These new spaces, I will explain, form deep spaces that can be encountered both inside and outside the museum, constantly renegotiating the visitor’s continuous repositioning of their own presence across different temporalities and spatial configurations.

(Un)Expected Contemporary Public Space

The paper analyzes the contemporary concept of public space. It focuses the attention on the transformation of the traditional concept of public space into the idea of an alternative public space (i.e. collective space, open space, hybrid space, etc.). The methodology adopted for research purposes is mainly empirical. The case study analyzes the MAXXI museum in Rome, that shows a spontaneous birth of a (un) expected form of public space in the museum pole. This phenomenon expresses a clear need of an alternative, safe, cultural, innovative, contemporary, public space.

Traversing The Lane Space

Detouring between buildings subverts well-worn paths and reveals untapped space designated to Toronto’s extensive laneway network. Exploratory walks followed by creative transcription of the findings capture fragments that would otherwise go unnoticed. By harnessing new ways of reading the lane space, the proposed project envisions a lane-building-street hybrid, rich with urban retreats and alternate pedestrian paths. Through the reinterpretation of an existing laneway block as a catalyst, the scheme explores strategies that grant this hybrid space to curious strollers, challenging highly-regulated and standardized street space as the primary means of moving through the contemporary city. These strategies invigorate the role of architecture in enhancing the quality of urban life, rewarding pedestrians with access to the city through new routes, expanded public realm, and countless discoveries.

Traversing The Lane Space

Detouring between buildings subverts well-worn paths and reveals untapped space designated to Toronto’s extensive laneway network. Exploratory walks followed by creative transcription of the findings capture fragments that would otherwise go unnoticed. By harnessing new ways of reading the lane space, the proposed project envisions a lane-building-street hybrid, rich with urban retreats and alternate pedestrian paths. Through the reinterpretation of an existing laneway block as a catalyst, the scheme explores strategies that grant this hybrid space to curious strollers, challenging highly-regulated and standardized street space as the primary means of moving through the contemporary city. These strategies invigorate the role of architecture in enhancing the quality of urban life, rewarding pedestrians with access to the city through new routes, expanded public realm, and countless discoveries.