scholarly journals Le rôle des pȃturages communaux dans l’agriculture de Pécs à l’époque du dualisme

2022 ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Imre Gábor Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Outcomes Research ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
City Council ◽  
Cadastral Maps ◽  
National Archives ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

The purpose of the study. To show the role of pastoral animal husbandry in dualism in a large Hungarian city where the majority of the population lived from industry, trade, mining and transport. How did the city assembly approach the maintenance of the pasture that made up part of the land. Applied methods. We examined the archives of the Baranya County Archives of the Hungarian National Archives, the archives of the city assembly and the city council, the accounting office, the economic supervision, the city regulations and cadastral maps, documents and maps, and we reviewed the local press. Literature and statistical data were compared with the opinions of contemporaries. Outcomes. Research has convincingly demonstrated that pasturage was essential to the lifestyles of the poorer, more self-exploiting suburban residents in particular, and even in the 1910s, most cattle were driven out to Megyeri and Szigeti suburban pastures. In our period, however, the area of pastures decreased significantly due to the conversion of pastures into arable land and meadows, the expansion of the city, and the needs of the military (training ground, shooting range).

Crossing the Pomerium

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Koortbojian
Keyword(s):  
Social Practices ◽  
Civic Life ◽  
Public Monuments ◽  
Religion And Law ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

The ancient Romans famously distinguished between civic life in Rome and military matters outside the city—a division marked by the pomerium, an abstract religious and legal boundary that was central to the myth of the city's foundation. This book explores, by means of images and texts, how the Romans used social practices and public monuments to assert their capital's distinction from its growing empire, to delimit the proper realms of religion and law from those of war and conquest, and to establish and disseminate so many fundamental Roman institutions across three centuries of imperial rule. The book probes such topics as the appearance in the city of Romans in armor, whether in representation or in life, the role of religious rites on the battlefield, and the military image of Constantine on the arch built in his name. Throughout, the book reveals how, in these instances and others, the ancient ideology of crossing the pomerium reflects the efforts of Romans not only to live up to the ideals they had inherited, but also to reconceive their past and to validate contemporary practices during a time when Rome enjoyed growing dominance in the Mediterranean world. The book explores a problem faced by generations of Romans—how to leave and return to hallowed city ground in the course of building an empire.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Chief Editor ◽  
City Council ◽  
The West ◽  
Son Of God ◽  
Warm Summer ◽  
The City

On a warm summer afternoon in 1561, Calvin’s chief editor donned a heavy stole, thick robes, and a gleaming tiara and proceeded to strut and fret his hour upon the stage in a comedy of his own devising. For little more than a century, Christians in the West had celebrated on August 6th Christ’s Transfiguration as the son of God in shining robes. But on this Sunday in Geneva, the city council, consistory, and an audience fresh from having attended edifying sermons at morning service gathered to applaud the transfiguration of the learned Conrad Badius into the title role of ...

scholarly journals ARQUITETURA, IDEOLOGIA E PRODUÇÃO: o uso do edifício público como veículo de comunicação no período do “Regime Militar” brasileiro

Revista Labor ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (18) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eneas de Araújo Arrais Neto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Military Government ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
The Public ◽  
Design Project ◽  
Architectural Language ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os edifícios sedes dos órgãos públicos federais construídos na cidade de Fortaleza durante os anos de vigência do “Regime Militar”. Parte da compreensão de que a arquitetura, enquanto objeto de fruição coletiva, assume o papel de meio de comunicação de massa no espaço urbano e, como tal, foi um dos instrumentos de divulgação ideológica dos governos militares dirigidos aos setores sociais urbanos; veiculando principalmente idéias de modernização, desenvolvimento, racionalidade, onipotência do poder estatal e autoritarismo. Analisa igualmente as influências, neste processo, da cultura de classe do setor burocrático-estatal, e propõe que estas edificações, ao estabelecerem novos padrões estéticos e de utilização de materiais e equipamentos de procedência tecnológica estrangeira, se constituíram em elementos importantes do processo de abertura da economia nacional ao capital multinacional, em particular no que diz respeito ao mercado da construção civil.Abstract This paper presents the arquitectural critique of a specific group of edifications built in the city of Fortaleza during the period of the military governments in Brazil. The character of the architecture developed by the military government in public buildings in this period is common all over the country: the facilities were built to with the intention to occupy the cities as out-doors of the military governments, diffusing images of modernization, rationality, economic development and the power of the state.   Through the use of architectural language, by the means of design, project, materials, forms and other ways, the architecture of the public sector played the role of ideology, besides introducing imported materials and equipment previously unused in the building sector of the country.

‘The Pots on Our Roads’

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-88
Author(s):  
Gerald Chikozho Mazarire ◽  
Sandra Swart
Keyword(s):  
Chaotic System ◽  
The State ◽  
City Council ◽  
The Self ◽  
Traffic Police ◽  
Regulatory Instruments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
The City

This article explores the role of the ‘diaspora fleet’ in Harare’s urban commuter system. Imported vehicles in the form of haulage trucks and commuter buses were one of the popular and visible forms of diasporic investment over Zimbabwe’s difficult decade spanning from 2000 to about 2010. The article argues that this diaspora fleet occupies a significant place in the history of commuting in Harare. Diasporic investment introduced a cocktail of European vehicles that quickly became ramshackle and ended up discarded in scrap heaps around the city. These imports and the businesses based on them destroyed the self-regulatory framework existing in the commuting business. This disruption was facilitated by the retreat or undermining of the state and city council regulatory instruments, which in turn created a role for middlemen, who manoeuvred to perpetuate a new and chaotic system known as ‘mshika-shika [faster-faster]’, based on a culture of irresponsible competitive gambling. This chaotic system remains in place today to the chagrin of city council planners and traffic police. Its origins, we argue, lie in the cultures and practices introduced by the diasporan vehicle fleet.

scholarly journals “Olympism“ and Olympic Education in Greek Antiquity

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Jiří Kouřil
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Sport Education ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
City States ◽  
City State ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City ◽  
The Olympic Games

This paper deals with basic points which comprise Olympic and “sport“ education in the Greek antiquity. Until the emergence of professionalism in ancient athletics was the essence of "sport" education and Olympism the areas known as free “sport“, nudity, construction of “sports“ buildings, organizing of many games and relation of society to the Olympic winners as well as leading the citizens to cultural and philosophical ideals. The education itself to the Olympic Games and “sport“ had an important role in ancient Greece. Victory in the Panhellenic Games was very important not only for the victors as individuals, but also for their lineage and the city-state. Each victor entered the next level, which was close to the heroes and gods. They acquired semi-divine status and the homages for them by all society and mainly by the city-states were greatly important for cultural outputs and conception of all society. The influence of victors on youth was huge and this influence was one of the most important educational parts of all ancient Greek culture. The winners of great Panhellenic Games, especially the winners of the Olympic Games or περιοδονῑκοι (periodonikoi), were the best role models with big cultural power and the best examples for youth. Successes of ancient athletes supported sport education of young Greek boys, thus also the military training and this conception created better warriors and defenders of the city-states.

scholarly journals Archaeology of Tara in the context of Siberia’s accession to the Russian state (based on 2007–2019 studies)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
S. F. Tataurov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

The article considers the materials of the archaeological excavations of the city of Tara as a source on the history of the accession of Western Siberia to the Russian state in the end of XVI–XVIII centuries. The analysis of finds testifying to the role of the city in the military, commercial, economic and cultural aspects of this process is given.

scholarly journals Da macchina da guerra a “decoroso fondale”: la Cittadella di Torino nell’Ottocento

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Pozzati
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
City Council ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
Restoration Project ◽  
War Machine ◽  
Defensive Structure ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

From war machine to “decorous backdrop”: the Citadel of Turin in the nineteenth centuryThe citadel of Turin, built in the sixteenth century by the duke Emanuele Filiberto, became an expensive and obsolete object that hampered the enlargements during the nineteenth century. The Enlargement Plan for the capital designed by Carlo Promis (1851-1852) progressively reduced the military constraints facing the citadel. In 1856 the City Council decreed the demolition of the defensive structure. During the demolition one section of the building was spared: the donjon. In 1864 it became the urban background of the statue erected in honor of Pietro Micca, the “soldier mineworker” hero of the siege in 1706. Therefore, this project became an opportunity for the Municipality and the Ministry of War to discuss two central issues. On one hand, the need to set up a “decorous backdrop” to the Piedmontese hero, and on the other hand keeping the costs of the restoration project to a minimum. A well-known architect from Turin named Carlo Ceppi presented an accurate report about the choices of the “restoration” works. Finally, in 1892 the responsibility of the work was given to the engineer Riccardo Brayda, who was an expert in medieval and modern architecture.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE EMERGENCY HEADQUARTERS OF THE CITY OF КRALJEVO IN THE FIGHT AGAINST COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 263-276
Author(s):  
PREDRAG TERZIĆ
Keyword(s):  
City Council ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
The City ◽  
Work Method

The article deals with a detailed analysis of measures taken in the territory of the city of Kraljevo during the state of emergency in the Republic of Serbia (March 15- May 6, 2020) caused by the epidemic of COVID-19 virus, as well as the achieved results. The greatest success was achieved in the field of prevention, where the City Emergency Headquarters played the crucial role by focusing on the Plan for Prevention and Treatment in Case of Epidemics-Pandemics, adopted at the City Council session held on March 26, 2020. This is the first document concerning prevention and treatment from infection with the COVID-19 virus, which was adopted by a local self-government unit in Serbia. In addition to the basic ones, the activities of the City Headquarters are also researched in two special dimensions: 1) vertical, which concerns the coordination of activities with the competent republic institutions; 2) horizontal, which refers to professional and material assistance to other local self-government units through the Standing Conference of Towns and Municipalities. The author concludes that several interrelated factors were of crucial importance in the prevention and reduction of the possibility of contracting the COVID-19 virus in the territory of the city of Kraljevo: 1) the document Plan for Prevention and Treatment in Case of Epidemics-Pandemics; as a type of legal basis for the functioning of the City Headquarters for Emergency Situations 2) the work method of the City Headquarters for Emergency Situations, which timely and strategically directed the activities of all entities involved in the prevention of the spread of the virus; 3) coordination of activities of the City Headquarters for Emergency Situations with republic institutions and harmonization of actions with measures of the Government of the Republic of Serbia; 4) consistent and continuous work of the The Emergency Situations City Headquarters on the maximum engagement of the capacities of all city services and republic bodies on the territory of the city of Kraljevo in the function of preventing the spread of COVID-19 virus infection.

scholarly journals Service innovation in case of electromobility

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Feriha Özdemir
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Service Innovation ◽  
City Council ◽  
Emotional Perception ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
The University ◽  
The City

Studies show that electromobility will emerge in urban areas. As urban mobility solutions are changing, electromobility is intended with a big potential of sustainable innovation. Nevertheless, changing the mobility culture depends on certain requirements. According to Urri, the automobile development lies in breaking the dominant role of cars which results in a development deadlock. In order to change the mobility culture, the mental approach to mobility options and the infrastructural conditions need to be considered as two central factors. Future mobility isn´t about less mobility, but rather a different way of being mobile and using different types of mobility solutions. This paper presents a research project that is based on the systemic-relational approach. It seeks to develop and introduce the conditions of electromobility in an urban area without a well-frequented local public transport by a networked innovation cooperation in four development areas. The central goal of this work is the integrated development of service innovation of technical and non-technical manner based on the network of project partners, the city council and the university. A change towards electromobility means changing infrastructure, market actors and business models. It signifies a change of social-cultural systems regarding mobility habits, practices and values. One of our main results show that the emotional perception by using experiences of electromobility has a positive effect on its social acceptability which raises the “flow factor” of electromobility.

The Salaries of Service Tatars in the 18th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-126
Author(s):  
Zaytuna A. Tychinskikh
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
State Support ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Military

State support was an important factor in the relations between the authorities and the serving population, including such a special category as the serving Tatars. This article discusses how the system of service Tatars came into life in the 18th century. Due to the poor knowledge of the subject, the question of salaries is one of the key elements in identifying the place and role of service Tatars in the system of military corporations in Siberia. The study has revealed that the changes in the salary system that took place during the 17th-18th centuries served as an indicator of the degree of incorporation of service Tatars into the structure of the military organization of the Russian state. Despite the general trend of the 18th century to the unification of the state support of irregular troops, the service Tatars retained their own hierarchy in the distribution of wages for a long time. The reason is to be found in the peculiarities of the management system and corporate isolation, determined by the confessional affiliation of the service Tatars. Another peculiarity was that the serving Tatars, unlike other categories of serving people, practically did not receive any bread allowance — it was replaced by “arable land”. In 1725 and 1737, staff schedules were introduced, which influenced both further unification of employees of various categories and the gradual equation in system of the allowance.

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