Rate of losing energy in Quantum Redshift

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahram Kalhor ◽  
Farzaneh Mehrparvar ◽  
Behnam Kalhor
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
White Dwarfs ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Gravitational Redshift ◽  
Space Theory ◽  
Carbon Stars ◽  
Space Objects ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Expansion Of Space

Abstract The paper simulates the losing energy of the electromagnetic waves in a non-expansion space and no gravitational Redshift. We use the distance and Redshift of 93,060 nearby space objects, including stars, quasars, white dwarfs, and carbon stars, for obtaining the rate of losing the energy of their waves during traveling in space. Quantum Redshift disagrees expansion of space and describes Redshift by losing the energy of electromagnetic waves over time. In the Quantum Redshift, regardless of the material and type of the space objects (stars, quasars, white dwarfs, and carbon stars), the Redshift depends on the distance and temperature of the space objects, and the temperature of space. We have used SIMBAD Astronomical Database. We have retrieved this information from almost 2,200,000 records. The objects' temperature is between 671 and 99,575 K. The distance of the objects is between 413.13 and 0.5 (mas). The paper obtains the average rate of losing the waves' energy for different objects in different distances. The results show that by increasing the distance of space objects, the rate of losing the energy of their electromagnetic waves will be decreased. The paper inspires investigating the expansion space theory by the Quantum Redshift.

scholarly journals How does the quantum structure of electromagnetic waves describe quantum redshift?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahram Kalhor ◽  
Farzaneh Mehrparvar ◽  
Behnam Kalhor
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Space Theory ◽  
Quantum Structure ◽  
Z Parameter ◽  
The Waves

Abstract The paper introduces quantum redshift. By using the quantum structure of the electromagnetic waves, we can describe the redshift. Losing the quanta masses along the traveling in the space is the reason of the decreasing the frequency of the electromagnetic waves. Recursive quantum redshift predict distance of the objects by calculating the z parameter of the waves since they have emitted. Non-recursive quantum redshift is a fast and good approximation of the recursive quantum redshift. The distances in the quantum redshift is less than the distances in the accelerated expansion space theory. The paper provides z parameter of distances between zero and 12 billion light years.

scholarly journals Anomalous Anderson localization behavior in gain-loss balanced non-Hermitian systems

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 443-452
Author(s):  
Tianshu Jiang ◽  
Anan Fang ◽  
Zhao-Qing Zhang ◽  
Che Ting Chan
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Anderson Localization ◽  
Random Media ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Disordered Media ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Gain Loss ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Localization Behavior

AbstractIt has been shown recently that the backscattering of wave propagation in one-dimensional disordered media can be entirely suppressed for normal incidence by adding sample-specific gain and loss components to the medium. Here, we study the Anderson localization behaviors of electromagnetic waves in such gain-loss balanced random non-Hermitian systems when the waves are obliquely incident on the random media. We also study the case of normal incidence when the sample-specific gain-loss profile is slightly altered so that the Anderson localization occurs. Our results show that the Anderson localization in the non-Hermitian system behaves differently from random Hermitian systems in which the backscattering is suppressed.

scholarly journals Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in the Maritimes: examining the waves of change over time

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Ednie ◽  
Ofer Amram ◽  
Jenna Colleen Creaser ◽  
Nadine Schuurman ◽  
Suzanne Leclerc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyloric Stenosis ◽  
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Terrestrial aurora: astrophysical laboratory for anomalous abundances in stellar systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Solar Flares ◽  
Heavy Ions ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Stellar System ◽  
Decay Product ◽  
Early Solar System ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
The Waves

Abstract. The unique magnetic structure of the terrestrial aurora as a conduit of information between the ionosphere and magnetosphere can be utilized as a laboratory for physical processes at similar magnetic configurations and applied to various evolutionary phases of the solar (stellar) system. The most spectacular heliospheric abundance enhancement involves the 3He isotope and selective heavy elements in impulsive solar flares. In situ observations of electromagnetic waves on active aurora are extrapolated to flaring corona in an analysis of solar acceleration processes of 3He, the only element that may resonate strongly with the waves, as well as heavy ions with specific charge-to-mass ratios, which may resonate weaker via their higher gyroharmonics. These results are applied to two observed anomalous astrophysical abundances: (1) enhanced abundance of 3He and possibly 13C in the late stellar evolutionary stages of planetary nebulae; and (2) enhanced abundance of the observed fossil element 26Mg in meteorites as a decay product of radioactive 26Al isotope due to interaction with the flare-energized 3He in the early solar system.

scholarly journals The relativity theory of plane waves

1926 ◽  
Vol 111 (757) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Transverse Waves ◽  
Propagation Of Light ◽  
Cumulative Change ◽  
The Waves

Weyl has shown that any gravitational wave of small amplitude may be regarded as the result of the superposition of waves of three types, viz.: (i) longitudinal-longitudinal; (ii) longitudinal-transverse; (iii) transverse-transverse. Eddington carried the matter much further by showing that waves of the first two types are spurious; they are “merely sinuosities in the co­ordinate system,” and they disappear on the adoption of an appropriate co-ordinate system. The only physically significant waves are transverse-transverse waves, and these are propagated with the velocity of light. He further considers electromagnetic waves and identifies light with a particular type of transverse-transverse wave. There is, however, a difficulty about the solution as left by Eddington. In its gravitational aspect light is not periodic. The gravitational potentials contain, in addition to periodic terms, an aperiodic term which increases without limit and which seems to indicate that light cannot be propagated indefinitely either in space or time. This is, of course, explained by noting that the propagation of light implies a transfer of energy, and that the consequent change in the distribution of energy will be reflected in a cumulative change in the gravitational field. But, if light cannot be propagated indefinitely, the fact itself is important, whatever be its explana­tion, for the propagation of light over very great distances is one of the primary facts which the relativity theory or any like theory must meet. In endeavouring to throw further light on this question, it seemed desirable to avoid the assumption that the amplitudes of the waves are small; terms neglected on this ground might well have a cumulative effect. All the solu­tions discussed in this paper are exact.

Growing up in Hong Kong before and after 1980

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Chim Richard Wong
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Redistribution ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Inequality Measures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Over Time

Individual income inequality has worsened because of underinvestment in education. A child born today with a good “birth lottery” is worth more than one born into the same family circumstances in the past, because their education will have a higher rate of return. Intergenerational upward mobility measured in schooling opportunities was largely unchanged for those born in the period 1956–1991. However, a subset born in the period 1961–1976 saw improved opportunities due to the waves of emigration Hong Kong experienced due to political unrest and uncertainty. Many policy advocates have used rising income inequality measures to push for income redistribution. But this merely tries to fix the measures of income inequality. Redistribution will not halt the underlying forces that are driving a more unequal distribution of incomes over time. Rising inequality can only be prevented by expanding education opportunities and encouraging couples to stay together.

scholarly journals Mobile Communication and its Adverse Effects

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kul Prasad Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Frequency Region ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Radiation Area ◽  
Adverse Affects

Mobile phone became almost essential part of daily life for all generation of people. It functions with the help of transmission of electromagnetic waves from towers to the cell phones in the micro wave frequency region. The energy carried by the waves is not only useful for mobile communication but also produce adverse affects on the users' health as well as to all living beings which are in the radiation area. The paper aims to discuss some of the possible dark side of health concern by the usage of cell phone and radiation from the towers. It also aims to suggest the possible remedies to minimize the health problems.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 4, No. 4, 2013 Page: 51-59 Uploaded date: 12/23/2013 

Rayleigh surface waves along the boundary between a plasma and a metallic screen

1993 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Ivanov ◽  
K. M. Ivanova ◽  
E. G. Alexov
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Surface Waves ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Electromagnetic Wave Propagation ◽  
Cyclotron Frequency ◽  
Plasma Frequency ◽  
Magnetoactive Plasma ◽  
Rayleigh Surface Waves ◽  
The Waves

Electromagnetic wave propagation along the interface between a magnetoactive plasma and a metallic screen is investigated analytically and numerically. It is shown that the waves have a Rayleigh character: they are superpositions of two partial waves. It is concluded that electromagnetic waves propagate only at frequencies lower than min (ωp, ωc), where ωpis the plasma frequency and ωcis the cyclotron frequency. The field topology is found, and the physical character of the waves is discussed.

scholarly journals Electromagnetically induced transparency in plasma

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. ERSFELD ◽  
D.A. JAROSZYNSKI
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Plasma Frequency ◽  
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
Electron Mass ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Relativistic Fluid ◽  
Longitudinal Plasma ◽  
Induced Transparency ◽  
The Waves

The coupled propagation of two electromagnetic waves in plasma is studied to establish the conditions for induced transparency. Induced transparency refers to the situation where both waves propagate unattenuated, although the frequency of one (or both) of them is below the plasma frequency so that it could not propagate in the absence of the other. The effect is due to the interaction of the waves through their beat, which modulates both the electron mass and, by exciting longitudinal plasma oscillations, their number density, and thus the plasma frequency. Starting from a relativistic fluid description, a dispersion relation for plane waves of weakly relativistic intensities is derived, which takes into account the polarization of the waves and the nonlinearities with respect to both their amplitudes. This serves as a basis for the exploration of the conditions for induced transparency and the modes of propagation.

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