Market legitimation in countercultural market change

Drawing on concepts of institutional work, legitimacy, and institutional logics, we investigate why countercultural markets experience institutional change and the actions institutional work market actors perform to inform institutional logics and ensure the legitimacy of countercultural markets. Although previous research suggests market changes and disruption, little attention has been paid to markets that originate from different institutional backgrounds, changes in the market experience in relation to its legitimization, and institutional work to attain legitimacy. The case of indie music in South Korea illustrates the evolution of a cultural market from the introduction of its ethos, the crisis caused by legitimacy pressures, and the transformation of the market. Using data gathered through in-depth interviews with indie labels and music consumers in South Korea, and archival sources, our research illuminates the source of market struggle and theorizes approaches that market actors perform to overcome the struggle.

Process Design & Development Using Smed Concept- A Case Study

The growth of the industry and its production ultimately depends on its ability to respond systematically and continuously to market changes to increase product value. The process of adding value is necessary to obtain this advantage; therefore using a coherent production system and its tools becomes a key skill. Since the set time is the main reason for the production break time, a short set time is always desirable. The Single Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED) as proposed by Shingo is a tool that aims to reduce overtime setting, but does not work when used alone. SMED can be used effectively with the help of additional tools such as FMRS (Finish, Merge, Reduce and Simplify). This paper describes the process of planning and implementing SMED and other useful tools. It is based on a collaborative approach that allows for a gradual reduction in machine set-up time associated with an ongoing continuity program.

METHODOLOGY FOR MODELING THE BEHAVIOR OF AN ENTERPRISE IN A COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT

The article deals with the issues of modeling the behavior of an enterprise in a competitive environment, provides an overview of approaches to the concept of a competitive environment, an analysis of literary sources devoted to this topic. An urgent issue for modern enterprises is timely adaptation to market changes and the behavior of competitors. The author's methodology for modeling the behavior of an enterprise in a competitive environment is proposed, focused on taking into account the dynamism of the external environment, analyzing the activities of competitors and developing appropriate marketing scenarios, which includes the following tools: a matrix of scenarios for the behavior of an enterprise in the market relative to competitors; a set of criteria for analyzing competitors; classification of types of competitors; a set of typical scenarios for countering competitors. The author offers a classification of factors (market, consumer, production) that influence the competitive environment and the prospects for the development of the enterprise in the market.

Adapting Income Taxation to the Labor Market Changes

The article is concerned with the analysis of the labor market changes, requiring the personal income tax reform. Methods of comparative and statistical analysis are applied. Rating and analytical agencies data, statistics from the OECD, Eurofond and Eurostat used as the empirical base of the study. Three labor market trends requiring appropriate changes in taxation were identified. The first trend is the change in the demand for work skills, which requires a more flexible approach to educational tax deductions and tax incentives for training in high-demand digital professions. The second trend is digital platforms and the gig economy that enhance income differentiation, which inevitably raises the question of progressive income taxation. The third trend is an increase in non-standard employment. The article analyzes such forms of non-standard employment as work on the basis of vouchers, platform work, joint employment, casual labour which are associated with the ambiguous status of employment and require changes in tax policy to regulate them.

ANALISIS DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP PENDAPATAN USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH (STUDI KASUS INDUSTRI RUMAHAN KEMPLANG DI WILAYAH JAKABARING PALEMBANG)

This study aims to determine and analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the income of the cracker/kemplang home industry in the Jakabaring District, Palembang City. The analytical method used in this research is a qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, discussions with business actors and from several sources of other articles. From the research that has been carried out, it is found that the cracker/kemplang home industry continues to run its business, and the income earned by the cracker/kemplang home industry tends to be stable even in the Covid-19 pandemic situation. The factor that supports the traders to keep doing business is the awareness to continue to struggle to meet the needs of their daily lives. There are several attempts by business actors to increase an income, such as by adapting to market changes, providing good service to consumers and paying attention to the quality of goods to be sold to consumers.

Regulatory Measures' Effect on Gambling Participation: Experiences From Norway

The purpose of gambling regulation can be to ensure revenue for the public, to prevent crime and gambling problems. One regulatory measure involves restriction of what games can be offered in a market. In this study, the effects of two regulatory market changes are investigated: First, a restriction of availability when slot machines were banned from the Norwegian market in 2007, and second the introduction of regulated online interactive games to the same market in 2014. Data collected from the general population in the period from 2005 through 2018, comprising 2,000 respondents every year, are used to investigate how participation in gambling changed over time. The respondents were asked if they took part in various games or lotteries. Logistic regression analyses were used to predict the proportion participating in five groups of games and if changes in participation coincided with major market changes. The first change was associated with a reduction in gambling on slot machines as well as a reduction in gambling participation overall. Following the slot machine ban, results show an increase in women participating in games offered in land-based bingo premises. A general increase in gambling on foreign websites was also seen, albeit much smaller than the reduction in slot machine gambling. The increases can partly be explained as substitution of one type of gambling with another. New regulated online interactive games were introduced in 2014. Despite the relatively large growth of such games internationally, Norway included, increased online gambling in general and an increased marketing of foreign gambling websites, the participation on foreign websites seemed stable. However, the overall participation in online interactive games increased. The introduction of the regulated alternative seems to have had a channelizing effect. Overall, the changes in gambling participation coinciding with two major regulatory changes can be explained by transformations of physical and social availability, and in terms of mechanisms outlined by the model of total consumption.