ДОСВІД ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ШКАЛИ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ ОЦІНКИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ДЛЯ ДІАГНОСТИКИ І ПЛАНУВАННЯ ПСИХОТЕРАПІЇ В НАРКОЛОГІЧНІЙ ПРАКТИЦІ

Significant consequences of alcohol abuse give grounds to classify alcohol dependence as a medical and social pathology that poses a danger to society. The number of patients registered in medical dispensaries in Ukraine reaches 1 million. Recurrences of the disease during the year after treatment are observed in 60-75% of patients with alcohol dependence. The problem is exacerbated by the medical and social consequences of alcohol abuse in the form of increased mental and physical illness, trauma, suicide attempts and aggressive behavior, criminal acts. This renders the search for new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of alcohol dependence relevant. The aim of the study was to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of using the global assessment of functioning scale (GAFS) to diagnose the dynamics of social functioning of patients with alcohol dependence. The study of the dynamics in the level of general functioning with the use of GAFS in the main and control groups yielded the following results. There was a significant increase in psychological, social and professional functioning in 74.0% of patients in whom a system of treatment and prophylactic measures was applied as compared to 46.7% of patients in the comparison group (χ2 = 6.062, p <0.05). A follow-up study showed that the number of persistent remissions was by 2 times higher in the main group than in the comparison group, 54.0% and 23.3%, respectively (p <0.001).

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Analysis of Deliberate Self-Wrist-Cutting Episodes Presenting to the Emergency Department

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000361 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 155-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jin Kim ◽

Han Joon Kim ◽

Soo Hyun Kim ◽

Sang Hoon Oh ◽

Kyu Nam Park

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Medical Records ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Psychiatric Interview ◽

Clinical Variables ◽

Completed Suicide ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Group A ◽

Efficacy Of Treatment

Abstract. Background: Previous suicide attempts increase the risk of a completed suicide. However, a large proportion of patients with deliberate self-wrist cutting (DSWC) are often discharged without undergoing a psychiatric interview. Aims: The aims of this study were to investigate the differences in the characteristics and outcomes of patients with DSWC and those with deliberate self-poisoning (DSP) episodes. The results of this study may be used to improve the efficacy of treatment for DSWC patients. Method: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 598 patients with DSWC and DSP who were treated at the emergency department of Seoul Saint Mary's Hospital between 2008 and 2013. We assessed sociodemographic information, clinical variables, the reasons for the suicide attempts, and the severity of the suicide attempts. Results: A total of 141 (23.6%) patients were included in the DSWC group, and 457 (76.4%) were included in the DSP group. A significantly greater number of patients in the DSWC group had previously attempted suicide (p = .014). A total of 63 patients (44.7%) in the DSWC group and 409 patients (89.5%) in the DSP group underwent psychiatric interviews. Conclusion: More DSWC patients had previously attempted suicide, but fewer of them underwent psychiatric interviews compared with the DSP patients.

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The status of integrated care on the chronic abuse of alcohol response - A cross-sectional study

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1152 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

A Moreira de Sousa ◽

L Lopes ◽

P Costa ◽

G Martins-Coelho ◽

R Capucho

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Abuse ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Treatment Team ◽

Health Administration ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Index Value

Abstract Background In 2017, the risk-weighted prevalence of alcohol consumption was the health indicator with a more negative impact on the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Sustainable Development Goals Health Index Value in Portugal. According to data from 2012-14, the Alto Tâmega and Barroso (ATB) had the highest value of Years of potential life lost (YPLL) in North Portugal - 4570,1/10.000 people. Liver chronic disease was the specific cause of death that contributed to the value of YPLL - 465,4/10.000 people. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the Northern Health Administration and the General Directorate for Intervention on Addictive Behaviours and Dependencies. We compared the number of patients with chronic alcohol consumption (CAC) in 2018, the leading causes of death between 2012-14, the main morbidity causes according to data from primary healthcare (PHC) physicians in 2018 and the number of patients in specialized treatment team (STT) for alcohol abuse treatment in 2018 in ATB. Results In 2018, 2643 patients of ATB had a diagnosis of CAC; only 178 were followed by an STT. Although CAC had a massive influence on YPLL, this was only the 11º cause of morbidity in ATB according to the data from PHC. The number of women with CAC was stable between 2012 (n = 284) and 2018 (n = 291). In the same period, there was an increase of 52,86% of CAC on men (n = 1523 to n = 2348). Even though 18,4% of YPLL due to chronic liver disease happen in women, only 11,2%of the patients with CAC in the PHC are women. Conclusions There is a need for the improvement of CAC diagnosis in PHC, and the improvement of referral of patients to STT and hospital care. Besides, to reach the SDG3, there is the need to work intensely on SDG 17 (partnership for the goals). The Public Health Unit of ATB is organizing Operation PROMETEU to improve communication, institutional collaboration, and monitoring of the existing health activities that are tackling CAC. Key messages The need to integrate data from different healthcare sources for a better analysis on health problems. The urgent need to tackle the alcohol abuse problem in ATB.

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CURRENT ASPECTS OF DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF ACUTE BILLARIAN PANCREATITIS

Medical Science of Ukraine (MSU) ◽

10.32345/2664-4738.3-4.2018.10 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (3-4) ◽

pp. 74-79

Author(s):

I.V. Kolosovych ◽

B.H. Bezrodnyi ◽

I.V. Hanol

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Length Of Stay ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Abdominal Cavity ◽

Main Group ◽

Duct System ◽

Results Of Treatment ◽

Positive Clinical Effect ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Comparative Group

Relevance. The article is devoted to the problem of diagnosis and treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis, which remains one of the most common surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity and accounts for 33.2% of the total number of patients with acute pancreatitis. Objective of the work is to improve the diagnosis and results of surgical treatment of patients with acute pancreatitis of biliary etiology. Materials and methods. The results of treatment of 264 patients with acute pancreatitis of biliary etiology are analyzed. Operative treatment was applied in 92 (34,8 %) patients: endoscopic operations were performed in 44 patients (16,7 %). Thus, in 10 (3,8 %) patients, endoscopic papilloprotectomy was performed with the auditory of the duct system and the extraction of concrements. In other cases, organo-preserving intervention was performed without disturbing the morphofunctional integrity of the sphincter apparatus of the duct system: the cannulation in 6 (2,3%) patients, mechanical (balloon) in 5 (1,9 %) cases, pharmacological (myogenic antispasmodic) dilatation of distal duct and a large duodenal papilla in 11 (4,2 %) patients. In residual choledocholithiasis, a technique of papillotomy under the control of choledochoscopy was proposed – 12 (4,54 %) patients. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the treatment of patients who used the "open" (comparative group) and noninvasive endoscopic interventions in the early disease (the main group) was performed. Results. So in the main group the length of stay in the hospital was 12±3,2 days, respectively, in the comparison group – 26±4,3 days. In 42 (95,4 %) patients who had undergone endoscopic surgery, a positive clinical effect, a rapid regress of the symptoms of acute pancreatitis was achieved. In two (4,5 %) patients in the main group, the course was complicated by the development of the abscess of the stuffing box, and puncture under ultrasound control was performed. In patients of the comparison group complications arose in 5 (41,6 %) patients, it is noteworthy that all of them had undergone operative interventions, which were limited only to the rehabilitation and drainage of the abdominal cavity, a stuffing box bag. The mortality rate among unopposed was 1,2 % (2 patients), and among the operated – 11,9 % (11 patients). Among prooperated patients who died, 81,8 % (9 people) were elderly patients. Conclusions. The use of minimally invasive endoscopic interventions in the early phase of the disease reduces the length of stay of patients in the hospital from 26±4,3 days (comparison group) to 12 3,2 days (main group) and the number of complications occurring by 37,1 % (P <0, 05). Application of the proposed method of papillotomy under the control of choledochoscopy makes it possible to reduce the risk of perforation of the wall of the duodenum with the development of peritonitis or retroperitoneal phlegmon by 1,2 % (P <0,05).

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Unveiling sex-based differences in the effects of alcohol abuse: a comprehensive functional meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies

10.1101/2020.08.17.254185 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Franc Casanova Ferrer ◽

María Pascual ◽

Marta R. Hidalgo ◽

Pablo Malmierca-Merlo ◽

Consuelo Guerri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Dependence ◽

Intracellular Transport ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Subsequent Development ◽

Social Consequences ◽

Psychological Consequences ◽

Biological Mechanisms ◽

Physiological Mechanisms ◽

Transcriptomic Studies

AbstractThe abuse of alcohol, one of the most popular psychoactive substances, can cause several pathological and psychological consequences, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). An impaired ability to stop or control alcohol intake despite adverse health or social consequences characterize AUD. While AUDs predominantly occur in men, growing evidence suggests the existence of distinct cognitive and biological consequences of alcohol dependence in women. The molecular and physiological mechanisms participating in these differential effects remain unknown. Transcriptomic technology permits the detection of the biological mechanisms responsible for such sex-based differences, which supports the subsequent development of novel personalized therapeutics to treat AUD. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of transcriptomics studies regarding alcohol dependence in humans with representation from both sexes. For each study, we processed and analyzed transcriptomic data to obtain a functional profile of pathways and biological functions and then integrated the resulting data by meta-analysis to characterize any sex-based transcriptomic differences associated with AUD. Global results of the transcriptomic analysis revealed the association of decreased tissue regeneration, embryo malformations, altered intracellular transport, and increased rate of RNA and protein replacement with female AUD patients. Meanwhile, our analysis indicated that increased inflammatory response and blood pressure and a reduction in DNA repair capabilities associated with male AUD patients. In summary, our functional meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies provides evidence for differential biological mechanisms that AUD patients of differing sex.Abstract Figure

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Changing the structure of the hospitalized patients at the Psychiatric clinic Vrapce

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh11s1033b ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 139 (suppl. 1) ◽

pp. 33-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Petar Bilic ◽

Ana Ivanis ◽

Domagoj Vidovic ◽

Vlado Jukic

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Treatment ◽

Average Duration ◽

Developed Countries ◽

International Classification Of Diseases ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Personality Change ◽

Psychiatric Clinic ◽

New Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Duration Of Hospitalization

Introduction. Psychiatric treatment in developed countries has significantly changed in the last few decades, with a significant shortening of the duration of hospitalization. Numerous West European countries are undertaking health system reforms to improve treatment efficiency. Objective. The aim of the study was to present the structure of hospitalized patients according to diagnostic categories of International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems - 10th Revision (ICD-10), and average duration of hospitalization from 2001 till 2010. Methods. Data was collected from hospital medical charts for the period from 2001 till 2010 on the number of hospitalized patients, diagnosis and duration of hospitalization. Results. Number of hospitalized patients increased by 27% (6309 vs. 8032). Average duration of hospitalization decreased for 45.1% (72.3 vs. 39.7 days), while the number of hospitalized patients decreased from 1284 (20.4%) in 2001 to 995 (12.4%) in 2010, the number of patients hospitalized because of depressive disorder increased from 309 (4.9%) in 2001 to 994 (12.4%) in 2010. The number of patients hospitalized because of enduring personality changes increased from 104 (1.7%) in 2001 to 449 (5.6%) in 2010. Conclusion. In the last decade the number of hospitalized patients suffering from schizophrenia at the Psychiatric Clinic Vrapce decreased, while the number of those suffering from depression and enduring personality change increased. The number of hospitalizations in the observed period increased overall. Observed changes can be explained by new therapeutic approaches, but also by objective social and economic factors and organization of the healthcare system.

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Immunological status in employees of the mining and processing enterprise and chemical risk factors

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-5-471-475 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 100 (5) ◽

pp. 471-475

Author(s):

Inga N. Alikina ◽

Oleg V. Dolgikh

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Working Conditions ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Mineral Resources ◽

Social Consequences ◽

Production Environment ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

Direct Exposure ◽

Early Health ◽

Cellular And Humoral Immunity

Introduction. Currently, occupational health problems acquire particular relevance due to the inconsistency of working conditions with hygienic standards. Unfavorable conditions lead to the development of occupational and production conditioned diseases, increase the risk of developing non-specific diseases and exacerbate their medico-social consequences. In this regard, it becomes essential to develop diagnostic criteria for early health disorders of workers under the influence of working conditions [1]. Materials and methods. One hundred ninety-five workers of potash production (men) were examined. The observation group consisted of 120 workers exposed to harmful chemical occupational factors (air pollution of the working area with silvinite dust, chemicals on the example of hexane). Seventy-five workers were not exposed to harmful factors of the production environment (comparison group). CD-phenotypes of cellular immunity were determined by flow cytometry. The chemical and analytical study of the content of contaminants in urine was carried out by the method of analysis of the equilibrium vapor phase (hexane). The content of IgG specific to the studied substance was determined by the allergosorbent method. Results. Changes in the immune system were significant concerning the comparison group and characterized by excessive expression of many CD-immunophenotypes (CD11a, CD3+CD95+) and the TNFR receptor. At the same time, an increased concentration of hexane was registered in the biological media of workers in the main occupational groups compared to the comparison group. Reliable differences in the content of specific antibodies to hexane (IgG) between the studied groups of workers (p<0.05) were established. Conclusion. The results of this work allowed substantiating the list of priority indicators of the state of the immune system in mining workers exposed to direct exposure to contaminants at the stage of chemical treatment of mineral resources. Abnormalities of cellular and humoral immunity have been identified, which can impair the functioning of the body’s immune system and the formation of immune-mediated pathological conditions (inflammatory and proliferative processes in the lungs, asthenia).

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PREVALENCE OF THE GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT GROUPS BLOOD IN DEPENDING ON AGE AND PERIODONTAL BIOTYPE

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek202001123 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 119-122

Author(s):

Yurii L. Bandrivsky ◽

Orysia O. Bandrivska ◽

Roksolana Yu. Shkrebnyuk ◽

Volodimira T. Dyryk

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Blood Group ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Main Group ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Periodontal Biotype ◽

Initial Forms

The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of generalized periodontitis depending on age and biotype of periodontium. Materials and methods: We examined 855 males aged 20-55 years, who were divided into 2 groups: the main group – 570 surveyed with a generalized periodontitis, the comparison group – 285 dental healthy individuals.The diagnosis of generalized periodontitis was established by the classification Danilevsky M.F. (1994) and refined by using paraclinical indices. The periodontal biotype was determined using Hu-Friedy Colourvue Biotype Probe. Results: As a result of the conducted researches was establish, in the carriers of blood group O (I) and A (II), developed forms of generalized periodontitis were found, on average, 2.7 times more often than the initial forms of the disease. Instead, at the representatives of B (III) and AB (IV) groups blood the frequency of initial GP – I degree was on average, 1.2 times greater than the prevalence of developed forms of generalized periodontitis. Also as a result of our researches, we found that the cluster A1 had 39.30% patients, cluster A2 was found at 28, 77%, and cluster B – 31.93% of the total number of patients with generalized periodontitis. Conclusions: As a result of our research, it was found that in the carriers of the blood group O (I) and A (II), more advanced forms of generalized periodontitis were observed, which was confirmed by the presence of the biotype of the periodontal disease in the cluster A1 and A2.

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Marx as a Student of Technology

Monthly Review ◽

10.14452/mr-028-03-1976-07_5 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 56 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Nathan Rosenberg

Keyword(s):

Social Change ◽

Index Volume ◽

Social Consequences ◽

Social Pathology ◽

Monthly Review ◽

The Social ◽

Historical Importance

This paper will attempt to demonstrate that a major reason for the fruitfulness of Marx's framework for the analysis of social change was that Marx was, himself, a careful student of technology. By this I mean not only that he was fully aware of, and insisted upon, the historical importance and the social consequences of technology. That much is obvious. Marx additionally devoted much time and effort to explicating the distinctive characteristics of technologies, and to attempting to unravel and examine the inner logic of individual technologies. He insisted that technologies constitute an interesting subject, not only to technologists, but to students of society and social pathology as well, and he was very explicit in the introduction of technological variables into his arguments.<a href="http://monthlyreview.org/index/volume-28-number-3" title="Vol. 28, No. 3: July-August 1976" target="_self">Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.</a>

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Major psychotrauma and social stress–risk factors for the unfavorable course of paranoid schizophrenia

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1664 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. s842-s843

Author(s):

T. Udristoiu ◽

I. Udristoiu ◽

F. Militaru ◽

S. Ristea ◽

A.G. Vilcea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Abuse ◽

Social Stress ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Social Interventions ◽

Prophylactic Measures ◽

Endogenous Cortisol ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Competing Interest

IntroductionRecent studies in the neurobiology of schizophrenia highlighted the role of neuropsychoendocrine activations as a consequence of psychostress followed by the activation of the HPA axis with an excess of endogenous cortisol. The relation endogenous cortisol–glutamatergic hyperactivation enhances the excito-toxic mechanisms and the cortical-subcortical alterations in schizophrenia.MethodWe conducted a retrospective study on 40 patients, with ages between 25 and 55 years, admitted in the university clinic of Craiova between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2015 for paranoid schizophrenia according to ICD-10 criteria and with positive history of psychotrauma and physical abuse in childhood and adolescence.ResultsThe frequency of psychotraumas, social stress and physical abuse in our group was significantly higher in women (63.33%), in patients with urban residence (80.00%) and age group 36–45 years (46.67). There was a pattern of residual defectuality reflected by positive symptoms (83.33%), alcohol abuse (80.00%), aggressive behavior (66.67%) and suicide attempts (30.00%). The poor course with minimal social functioning (GAFS < 40; 36.67%) was correlated with a high number of relapses and hospitalizations (> 9 hospitalizations; 43.33%), cognitive deficit (MMSE < 23; 76.67%). The psychosocial factors involved in the pathogenesis and course of schizophrenia were social stress (60.00%), physical abuse in childhood and adolescence (20.00%) and psychotraumas (20.00%).Conclusions.Psychotrauma and physical abuse in childhood and adolescence and during the course of paranoid schizophrenia constitute a risk factor for a poor outcome with cognitive deterioration, aggressive and suicidal behavior that call for prophylactic measures and qualified psycho-social interventions associated to the pharmacological treatments.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Condition of the tongue, periodontal and immune statuses in men with alcohol dependence syndrome

Periodontology ◽

10.33925/1683-3759-2021-26-1-52-57 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 52-57

Author(s):

K. A. Kunavina ◽

A. S. Opravin ◽

A. G. Soloviev ◽

O. A. Harkova ◽

N. V. Davidovich

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Dependence ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Immune Status ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Alcohol Intoxication ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Dorsal Surface ◽

Chi Squared ◽

History Of ◽

Alcohol Dependence Syndrome

Relevance. Oral health problems, particularly periodontal diseases, are frequent complications in people with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS). The assessment of the periodontal, immune status and the tongue condition in ADS patients by the set of indices is promising. Materials and methods. The periodontal and immune status and the tongue condition were examined in 114 men, of whom 47 were patients with stage II ADS and 67 were subjects without a history of ADS. Pearson's chi-squared test, Mann–Whitney U test, logistic regression, factor analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results. ADS patients have significantly worse oral hygiene (p < 0.001) and 35.5 times higher probability of moderate to severe gum inflammation (p < 0.001). Sextants with bleeding (39.0%) and calculus (25.9%) prevailed among ADS patients whereas most of sextants were healthy (85.8%) in the comparison group. Significant inter-group differences were found for all CPI codes except code 4 (p < 0.001). The dorsal surface tongue coating (63.8%) and minor hyperkeratosis (27.7%) prevailed among ADS patients, while in the comparison group, there were no changes in 34.3% of subjects and coating was present in 38.8% (p = 0.003). The risk of satisfactory to poor oral hygiene was 3.7 times (p = 0.007) higher and the risk of moderate to severe gum inflammation was predicted to be 6.5 times (p = 0.015) higher if the examined subjects had changes in the tongue mucosa. The obtained differences in the level of IgG, TNF-α and cortisol prevailed in ADS patients (p < 0.001). Conclusion. In ADS patients, the severity of periodontal diseases, changes in the tongue mucosa and mucosal immunity imbalance are statistically significant. The considered dental markers of chronic alcohol intoxication are proposed to be used at the treatment and checkup dental visits to screen individuals at risk of alcohol use disorder.

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