A Study of the Evaluation of the Pecan Drought Resistance of Grafted ‘Pawnee’ Trees From Different Seedling Rootstocks

To describe the influence of different pecan seedling rootstocks on drought stress resistance, 12 rootstocks of ‘87MX1-2.2’, ‘87MX5-1.7’, ‘Elliott’, ‘Frutoso’, ‘Giles’, ‘Major’, ‘Moore’, ‘Peruque’, ‘Posey’, ‘Riverside’, ‘San Felipe’, and ‘VC1-68’ were selected as rootstock treatments for grafting. In addition, the experimental materials for the grafted young ‘Pawnee’ tree treatments included the pressure-volume technique (PV technique) and cutting shoot transpiration methods to plot the PV and the cutting shoot transpiration curves, and the parameters calculated from the two curves were used to analyze the data produced by the subordinate function and cluster dendrogram methods. The results revealed that the different seedling rootstock treatments influenced the ‘Pawnee’ grafted trees to varying degrees on aspects of drought resistance, the ability to save water, the modulation of osmosis, and the sensitivity of the stomatal response. The order of drought tolerance for these different pecan seedling rootstock treatments from high to low was as follows: ‘Posey’, ‘Peruque’, ‘Riverside’, ‘87MX5-1.7’, ‘VC1-68’, ‘Elliott’, ‘87MX1-2.2’, ‘San Felipe’, ‘Moore’, ‘Major’, ‘Giles’, and ‘Frutoso’.

Sensitivity in the antioxidant system of discus fish (Symphysodon spp.) to cold temperature: evidence for species-specific cold resistance

ABSTRACTThe discus fish (Symphysodon spp.) is an endemic species of the Amazon that is among the most popular ornamental fish around the world, and is usually used as the model animal for studying the diversification of Amazon fish. Here, a comparative analysis of two species of discus fish, i.e., S. haraldi and S. aequifasciatus, based on several antioxidant indexes was conducted, to test the hypothesis that cold resistance might correlate with the diversification of discus fish. We set up a continuous sequence of three temperature programs, namely cooling (28 °C to 14 °C; -1 °C/h), cold maintenance (14 °C for 12 h) and recovery (14 °C to 28 °C; +1 °C/h). Subordinate function (SF) combined with principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the cold hardiness of S. haraldi during cold treatment was in the order of cooling > cold maintenance ≈ recovery, but the cold hardiness of S. aequifasciatus during cold treatment was in the order of cold maintenance > cooling > recovery. Specifically, the lowest cold hardiness was observed in S. aequifasciatus during recovery, indicating that cold stress resulted in more seriously oxidative stress in S. aequifasciatus than in S. haraldi. Overall, these results show a significant interspecific variation, indicating the correlation between environmental adaptation and the diversification of discus fish.

Drought Resistance of 10 Ground Cover Seedling Species during Roof Greening

Abstract10 species’ drought resistance cases have been studied, including Paeonia lactiflora, Hemerocallis dumortieri, Physostegia virginiana, Iris lacteal, Hylotelephium erythrostictum, Sedum lineare, Iris germanica, Cosmos bipinnata, Hosta plantaginea and Dianthus barbatus. By researching these drought resistance cases, a suggestion can be given for roof greening. This research sets 3 drought stress scenarios by controlling the soil relative water content (RWC), including moderately drought stress (40%±2% < RWC < 45%±2%), strong drought stress (RWC < 30%±2%) and control group (RWC > 75%±2%). After the seedlings survived the drought stress, the damaging rate of permeability (DRP), total chlorophylls concentrations (Chl), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (AsAPOD) of seedlings will be measured. Finally, a subordinate function method was applied to assess these species’ drought resistance. Cosmos bipinnata and Physostegia virginiana was dead after having suffered with moderately drought stress and strong drought stress, respectively. Although other species survived, the individual variation was huge especially for physiological and biochemical index. Hemerocallis dumortieri, Iris lactea and Hosta plantaginea’s DRP had little change when they lived in the normal water condition and suffered with drought stress. Most of the species (except Paeonia lactiflora and Sedum lineare) showed a lower SOD activity during moderately drought stress compared with the sufficient soil water condition and strong drought stress condition. The changes of plants’ POD activity and AsAPOD activity are very similar: when drought stress enhanced, the activity of protect enzyme reduced. According to the subordinate function method, the order of plants’ resistance to the drought is as follow: Hosta plantaginea > Sedum lineare > Iris germanica > Hemerocallis dumortieri > Iris lactea >Hylotelephium erythrostictum > Dianthus barbatus > Paeonia lactiflora > Physostegia virginiana > Cosmos bipinnata.

«Ånden som holdt på å le seg i hjel»: En studie av humor i alternativt religiøse magasiner

This study addresses the link between alternative religiosity and humour. Alternative religiosity is characterized by an openness to the spiritual world, focusing on various forms of practice related to meditation, therapy and self-development. It has been described as a pick-and-mix religion were individuals pick and choose beliefs from different religions and religious orientations, such as Hinduism, Buddhism and Western esoteric religiosity. This article looks at how humour is used as a tool in two alternative religious magazines. It describes the content of humour and in which contexts humour is found in these magazines. The aim of both magazines is to spread information about alternative religiosity, alternative lifestyles and different alternative treatment methods. Humour occurs in different contexts in the two magazines and changes over time. However, humour is a rather rare tool and has a subordinate function. It is often used to spread information about an alternative lifestyle. It also appears as part of alternative self-presentations and attempts to create positive communitive identity

LIBERATION, FREE MUTUAL INFORMATION AND ORBITAL FREE ENTROPY

In this paper, we perform a detailed spectral study of the liberation process associated with two symmetries of arbitrary ranks: $(R,S)\mapsto (R,U_{t}SU_{t}^{\ast })_{t\geqslant 0}$, where $(U_{t})_{t\geqslant 0}$ is a free unitary Brownian motion freely independent from $\{R,S\}$. Our main tool is free stochastic calculus which allows to derive a partial differential equation (PDE) for the Herglotz transform of the unitary process defined by $Y_{t}:=RU_{t}SU_{t}^{\ast }$. It turns out that this is exactly the PDE governing the flow of an analytic function transform of the spectral measure of the operator $X_{t}:=PU_{t}QU_{t}^{\ast }P$ where $P,Q$ are the orthogonal projections associated to $R,S$. Next, we relate the two spectral measures of $RU_{t}SU_{t}^{\ast }$ and of $PU_{t}QU_{t}^{\ast }P$ via their moment sequences and use this relationship to develop a theory of subordination for the boundary values of the Herglotz transform. In particular, we explicitly compute the subordinate function and extend its inverse continuously to the unit circle. As an application, we prove the identity $i^{\ast }(\mathbb{C}P+\mathbb{C}(I-P);\mathbb{C}Q+\mathbb{C}(I-Q))=-\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}_{\text{orb}}(P,Q)$.

Analysis of Docudrama Techniques and Negotiating One’s Identity in David Edgar’s Pentecost

Edgar manages to invert the subordinate function of generally accepted objective indicators of membership of a particular national group—language, religion, common history, and territory—into the essential mode of imperative distinction shaping the unique national identity. In other words, it is the fresco and the value assigned to it that defines and consigns meaning to Catholic or Orthodox denomination, the refugees, and their hostages in Pentecost, not vice versa. The fact that it is only after they learn about the hypothetically enormous estimated value of the painting that Fr Petr Karolyi and FrSergei Bojovic fervently announce the fresco (as well as the abandoned church where it was discovered) as belonging to their particular denomination, which enunciates that each of the national constituents in their lack of distinctive features suffers from processes similar to the major redesigning and reconstruction of the sense of identity in the nation.

Relation between level of autumn dormancy and salt tolerance in lucerne (Medicago sativa)

Experiments were conducted to study the relationship between autumn (fall) dormancy rating (FDR) and salt tolerance of lucerne (alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.). Seeds of eight cultivars with different FDRs (range 2.0–10.2) were germinated in a growth chamber under five concentrations of NaCl (range 0–1.2%). A subordinate function value method was adopted for comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of the lucerne cultivars. Seed germination rate and germination potential, and seedling electrolyte leakage, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, root : shoot length ratio, Na+ and K+ concentrations and K+ : Na+ ratio were used as the indices of evaluation. Under 1.2% salt treatment, salt-tolerance ranking of the cultivars was WL656HQ > WL440HQ > WL712HQ > WL525HQ > WL343HQ > WL319HQ > WL363HQ > WL168HQ, with respective FDRs of 9.3, 6.0, 10.2, 8.2, 3.9, 2.8, 4.9 and 2.0. The results of this study show that non-dormant cultivars were generally more salt tolerant than dormant cultivars.

Evaluation of Aluminum Resistance among Zoysia Willd. Accessions from China

Aluminum ion (Al3+) toxicity is a major factor limiting plant production on acid soils. Species of zoysiagrass (Zoysia Willd.) are grown for lawn, turf, and soil conservation, especially in temperate zones. Herein, 46 zoysiagrass accessions obtained from eight provinces in China were evaluated for Al resistance using small-scale liquid culture. Each accession was grown in triplicate in nutrient solutions with 1500 μm AlCl3·6H2O (experimental) or without exposure to Al (control). The mean dry weights of the roots, shoots, and total bodies of the accessions relative to those of the nontreated controls were calculated after 60 days, and showed considerable diversity. Overall, the cv for the shoot, root, and total weights of the Al-treated accessions relative to the nontreated controls were 45.78%, 56.67%, and 42.84%, respectively. A cluster analysis based on Al resistance and subordinate function values revealed that 12 of the 46 zoysiagrass accessions (26.09%) were resistant to Al, 9 (19.57%) were moderately resistant, and 25 (54.35%) were sensitive to Al stress. These 46 zoysiagrass accessions from China have great potential for horticultural breeding and development, and for research into mechanisms that underlie Al resistance.