The Effects on Driving Behavior When Using a Head-mounted Display in a Dynamic Driving Simulator

Driving simulators are established tools used during automotive development and research. Most simulators use either monitors or projectors as their primary display system. However, the emergence of a new generation of head-mounted displays has triggered interest in using these as the primary display type. The general benefits and drawbacks of head-mounted displays are well researched, but their effect on driving behavior in a simulator has not been sufficiently quantified. This article presents a study of driving behavior differences between projector-based graphics and head-mounted display in a large dynamic driving simulator. This study has selected five specific driving maneuvers suspected of affecting driving behavior differently depending on the choice of display technology. Some of these maneuvers were chosen to reveal changes in lateral and longitudinal driving behavior. Others were picked for their ability to highlight the benefits and drawbacks of head-mounted displays in a driving context. The results show minor changes in lateral and longitudinal driver behavior changes when comparing projectors and a head-mounted display. The most noticeable difference in favor of projectors was seen when the display resolution is critical to the driving task. The choice of display type did not affect simulator sickness nor the realism rated by the subjects.

Hybrid-Light-Source Stereolithography for Fabricating Macro-Objects With Micro-Textures

Microscale surface structures are commonly found on macroscale bodies of natural creatures for their unique functions. However, it is difficult to fabricate such multi-scale geometry with conventional stereolithography processes that rely on either laser or digital micromirror device (DMD). More specifically, the DMD-based mask projection method displays the image of a cross-section of the part on the resin to fabricate the entire layer efficiently; however, its display resolution is limited by the building area. In comparison, the laser-based vector scanning method builds smooth features using a focused laser beam with desired beam-width resolution; however, it has less throughput for its sequential nature. In this paper, we studied the hybrid-light-source stereolithography process that integrates both optical light sources to facilitate the fabrication of macro-objects with microscale surface structures (called micro-textures in the paper). The hardware system uses a novel calibration approach that ensures pixel-level dimensional accuracy across the two light sources. The software system enables designing the distribution and density of specific microscale textures on a macro-object by generating projection images and laser toolpaths for the two integrated light sources. Several test cases were fabricated to demonstrate the capability of the developed process. A large fabrication area (76.8 mm × 80.0 mm) with 50 µm microfeatures can be achieved with a high throughput.

Hybrid-Light-Source Stereolithography for Fabricating Macro-Objects With Micro-Textures

Microscale surface structures are commonly found on macroscale bodies of natural creatures for their unique functions. However, it is difficult to fabricate such multi-scale geometry with conventional stereolithography processes that rely on either laser or digital micromirror device (DMD). More specifically, the DMD-based mask projection method displays the image of a cross-section of the part on the resin to fabricate the entire layer efficiently; however, its display resolution is limited by the building area. In comparison, the laser-based vector scanning method builds smooth features using a focused laser beam with desired beam-width resolution; however, it has less throughput for its sequential nature. In this paper, we studied the hybrid-light-source stereolithography process that integrates both optical light sources to facilitate the fabrication of macro-objects with microscale surface structures (called micro-textures in the paper). The hardware system uses a novel calibration approach that ensures pixel-level dimensional accuracy across the two light sources. The software system enables designing the distribution and density of specific microscale textures on a macro-object by generating projection images and laser toolpaths for the two integrated light sources. Several test cases were fabricated to demonstrate the capability of the developed process. A large fabrication area (76.8 mm × 80.0 mm) with 50 μm micro-features can be achieved with a high throughput.

3D Film Animation Image Acquisition and Feature Processing Based on the Latest Virtual Reconstruction Technology

In this paper, the latest virtual reconstruction technology is used to conduct in-depth research on 3D movie animation image acquisition and feature processing. This paper firstly proposes a time-division multiplexing method based on subpixel multiplexing technology to improve the resolution of integrated imaging reconstruction images. By studying the degradation effect of the reconstruction process of the 3D integrated imaging system, it is proposed to improve the display resolution by increasing the pixel point information of fixed display array units. According to the subpixel multiplexing, an algorithm to realize the reuse of pixel point information of 3D scene element image gets the element image array with new information; then, through the high frame rate light emitting diode (LED) large screen fast output of the element image array, the human eye temporary retention effect is used, so that this group of element image array information go through a plane display, to increase the limited display array information capacity thus improving the reconstructed image. In this way, the information capacity of the finite display array is increased and the display resolution of the reconstructed image is improved. In this paper, we first use the classification algorithm to determine the gender and expression attributes of the face in the input image and filter the corresponding 3D face data subset in the database according to the gender and expression attributes, then use the sparse representation theory to filter the prototype face like the target face in the data subset, then use the filtered prototype face samples to construct the sparse deformation model, and finally use the target faces. Finally, the target 3D face is reconstructed using the feature points of the target face for model matching. The experimental results show that the algorithm reconstructs faces with high realism and accuracy, and the algorithm can reconstruct expression faces.

Structure-Property Relationship Study of Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules with Different donor and position substitutions: Theoretical Perspective and Molecular Design

Blue-efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters are widely desired in organic light emitting diodes due to their advantages in both improving display resolution and providing better pixels. However, both the...

The Role of Dual-Stacked Oxide Semiconductor in High Performance Thin Film Transistors

Oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) have attracted much attention because they can be applied to flexible and large-scaled switching devices. Especially, Oxide semiconductors (OSs) have been developed as active layers of TFTs and, among them, Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide (IGZO) is actively used in the OLED display field. However, IGZO TFTs are limited by low field-effect mobility, which critically affects display resolution and power consumption, despite superior off-state properties. Herein, we prevailed new working mechanisms in dual-stacked OS and, based on this, developed dual-stacked OS-based TFT with high field-effect mobility (~80 cm2/V·s), ideal threshold voltage near 0 V, high on-off current ratio (>109), and good stability at bias stress. In dual-stacked OS, induced areas are formed at interface by band-offset: band-offset-induced area (BOIA) and BOIA-induced area (BIA). They connect gate-bias-induced area (GBIA) and electrode-bias-induced area (EBIA), resulting in high current flow. Such mechanism will provide new design rules for high performance OS-based TFTs.

Further Comparison of 4 Display Modes for a Multi-Resolution Foveated Laparoscope

Background. To overcome field of view and ergonomic limitations of standard laparoscopes, we are developing a multi-resolution foveated laparoscope (MRFL), which can simultaneously obtain both wide- and zoomed-in-view images. To facilitate the effectiveness of our MRFL, we have been investigating various ways of organizing and visualizing dual-view multi-resolution images acquired by the MRFL. In our prior study, we implemented and compared 6 display modes for the MRFL, assuming a typical clinical environment where a standard (but limited) resolution monitor is available. To take full advantage of our MRFL, displays having sufficient screen resolutions might be advantageous. The present study aims to further understand the effects of view configurations through displays with a standard high-definition (HD) resolution and a 4K resolution. In this study, we compare 3 display modes for limited-resolution displays against a new mode for sufficient-resolution displays. Methods. Twenty subjects performed 3 evaluation trials of a touching task with each display mode in an emulated MRFL environment. Various objective measurements including task completion time and the number of collisions, and subjective preference were recorded. Results. The new mode showed a better task completion time than the other modes, while it maintained a low number of collisions similar to the others. Moreover, the majority of participants selected the new mode as their most preferred one. Conclusions. With a sufficient display resolution, the co-registration between the unblocked and unwarped wide context view and the high-resolution zoomed-in view offered by the new mode was highly effective on both task performance and user preference.