Letter to the Editor: The extraction of atomic co-ordination numbers from x-ray diffraction data for network glasses

It has been demonstrated that both the detailed electron distributions of the constituent atoms/ions and non-Gaussian Gaussian peaks in T(r) can seriously limit the accuracy of co-ordination numbers extracted from x-ray diffraction data, whether the fit is performed in real or reciprocal space. In general, however, it is preferable to perform the fit in real space, where differences in shape between the experimental and fitted peaks are much more obvious, together with the effect of any experimental uncertainties, as represented by the noise in the resulting correlation function in the region below the first true peak. Note, also, that in reciprocal space the effects of a non-Gaussian peak shape on the extrapolation of the sinusoidal envelope to zero Q, from a high-Q fit to the interference function, Qi(Q), apply equally to neutron diffraction data, similarly limiting the accuracy of the resulting co-ordination numbers.

Extrinsic faulting in 3Cclose-packed crystal structures: computational mechanics analysis

Extrinsic faulting has been discussed previously within the so-called difference method and random walk calculation. In this contribution it is revisited under the framework of computational mechanics, which allows expressions to be derived for the statistical complexity, entropy density and excess entropy as a function of faulting probability. The approach allows one to compare the disordering process of an extrinsic fault with other faulting types. The ∊-machine description of the faulting mechanics is presented. Several useful analytical expressions such as probability of consecutive symbols in the Hägg coding are presented, as well as hexagonality. The analytical expression for the pairwise correlation function of the layers is derived and compared with results previously reported. The effect of faulting on the interference function is discussed in relation to the diffraction pattern.

Kajian Karakteristik dan Asupan Cairan pada Atlet di SMA Negeri 1 Sewon

Background: the fulfillment of energy needs and liquids athletes of nutritional intake and the fluid that adekuat is the most frequently forgotten by athletes .Needs of water per different people , are influenced by various factors like sex , age , the activity , as well as the environment .Fluid loss as many as 3 to 5% of weight resulting in interference function cardiovascular diseases that would have a direct impact on sports performance Objective: this research aims to understand the characteristics of athletes based on fluid intake on athletes in SMA Negeri 1 Sewon. Method : the kind of research is observational with the design research cross sectional.Aspects subjects covering liquid intake, age, sex, BMI and kind of sport in athletes in any kind a sport that followed.Using a technique technique sampling random stratification.Any species of sports taken as the sample.The sample of the a total of 49 respondents. Research conducted was taken from the results of interviews respondents by the SQ FFQ. Results : liquid intake in an athlete based on kinds of sports and characteristic of (the age, sex, BMI), known of 73,5 % athletes with liquid intake less. Liquid intake the average athletes was 2963,4 ml per day, with intake at least 1412,1 ml and intake maximum 4867,9 ml and standard deviations 884,15. Conclusions : Based on characteristic (age, sex, BMI) and kinds of sports, athletes with liquid intake less (73,5 %). Keywords : characteristics athletes, kind of sports, liquid intake

Kajian Karakteristik dan Asupan Cairan pada Atlet di SMA Negeri 1 Sewon

Background: the fulfillment of energy needs and liquids athletes of nutritional intake and the fluid that adekuat is the most frequently forgotten by athletes .Needs of water per different people , are influenced by various factors like sex , age , the activity , as well as the environment .Fluid loss as many as 3 to 5% of weight resulting in interference function cardiovascular diseases that would have a direct impact on sports performance Objective: this research aims to understand the characteristics of athletes based on fluid intake on athletes in SMA Negeri 1 Sewon. Method : the kind of research is observational with the design research cross sectional.Aspects subjects covering liquid intake, age, sex, BMI and kind of sport in athletes in any kind a sport that followed.Using a technique technique sampling random stratification.Any species of sports taken as the sample.The sample of the a total of 49 respondents. Research conducted was taken from the results of interviews respondents by the SQ FFQ. Results : liquid intake in an athlete based on kinds of sports and characteristic of (the age, sex, BMI), known of 73,5 % athletes with liquid intake less. Liquid intake the average athletes was 2963,4 ml per day, with intake at least 1412,1 ml and intake maximum 4867,9 ml and standard deviations 884,15. Conclusions : Based on characteristic (age, sex, BMI) and kinds of sports, athletes with liquid intake less (73,5 %). characteristics athletes, kind of sports, liquid intake

Selected issues of legal interpretation in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court.

The ongoing dispute in Poland for the position in the political system and the functioning of the Constitutional Court is highlighting the problems of the legal interpretation, conducted by this body.The aim of the article is to analyze selected problems signaled in the public discourse: the acting of the Constitutional Court as a judge in its own case and the use of dynamic and static methods of legal interpretation.The basis for deliberation is a description of the functions exercised by the Constitutional Court, including interference function, as well as the basic classification of legal interpretation, with particular emphasis on dynamic and static interpretation. On this background, an analysis of the admissibility and the consequences of the use of these methods of interpretation in the jurisprudence of the Court was presented.Moreover, the principle nemo judex in causa sua was presented, including the description of its role in the Polish legal system as well as permitted exceptions.The result of the study was the observation that the legal provisions do not define acceptable methods of interpretation, which means that the entity that is performing legal interpretation has the discretion in choosing the appropriate method. At the same time the thesis has been proposed, that the use of a dynamic interpretation of constitutional models should be considered an exception, justified by the occurrence of significant socio-economic changes.