A monopodial rosette model of shoot formation as a program of secondary-aquatic grasses appearing

On the basis of comparative morphological analysis of the structure of life forms the concept “key biomorph” is offered; it is a mien of a plant which reflects adaptation to the conditions of a definite habitat (a static aspect, a model) and a definite stage in evolutional changes of biomorphs (a dynamical / evolutional aspect). The paper shows a comparative morphological range of key biomorphs in accordance with a monopodial rosette model of shoot formation per gradient of moisture increase in the direction: a floodplain meadow – shores, shore fronts – the water line – a water body. Polygonum bistorta is considered the original key biomorph, changes in it could occur in three lines: 1) Polygonum bistorta – Butomus umbellatus – Nuphar lutea; 2) Polygonum bistorta – Scirpus lacustris – Eleocharis palustris; 3) Polygonum bistorta – Limosella aquatica – Stratiotes aloides. It seems that appearing of secondary-aquatic grasses with a monopodial rosette model of shoot formation was provided by the following modes of morphological evolution: deviation on the shoot level; abbreviation of the bud stage in shoot formation, in forming a part of the shoot (inflorescence), in the anatomic structure of the shoot and the ontogenesis of the original plant; prolongation of the bud phase in shoot development and ontogenesis of the genet.

The Cultivation of Melon on Swamp Floating Bed in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

<p>Cultivating of melon particularly in Central Kalimantan has been widely undertaken by farmers, however, the yields have not been able to meet the melon needs of Central Kalimantan's community. One of the breakthroughs in overcoming the problem is by growing melons on swamp floating beds, namely ambul technology. Ambul is growing media from decomposed floating aquatic plants, constructed with bamboo or wooden as a frame, that is let floating on waters. The ambul based on the consideration that the community lacks access to land for most of the year, which reduces opportunities for growing crops. The research design used was Split Plot Design with three kinds of aquatic plants as the main factor namely <em>Eichornia crassipes, Salvinia molesta, Eleocharis palustris</em>, and two melon varieties as subplot factors specifically Action 434 and Amanta. The results showed that the Amanta variety grown on <em>S. molesta</em> media produced the highest value of crop length on 1, 2, 3 weeks after planting (WAP). <em>S. molesta</em> was the best planting media for enhancing flowering by 11.43 days after planting (DAP) and weight of fruit (3.18 kg per plant. The variety of Amanta also had the highest value of root dry weight of 1.33 g per plant and fruit weight of 2.08 kg per plant.</p>

IDENTIFIKASI GULMA TANAMAN PADI (Oryza sativa L. var. Ciherang) SUMATARA SELATAN

The growth of weeds in the rice fields can reduce production. Weed is a disrupting plant that grows and spreads rapidly so it becomes a nutritional competitor for cultivated plants. This study aims to identify rice weeds in the fields of Rimau District, Banyuasin, South Sumatra. The research method used was descriptive method with purposive sampling on wetland rice fields of the Ciherang variety. Sampling was carried out in a critical period (3-6 weeks after planting) in rice fields. The results of weed identification obtained 6 families consisting of 15 species, namely Ageratum conyzoides L., Crassocephalum crepidioides, Cleome rutidisprema DC., Cyperusroduntus L. Cyperus compressus, Eleocharis palustris L., Frimbristylis miliacea L. Vahl, Phylanthus naruri L., Eurphobia hirta, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Press., Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel., Echinochola colona (L.) Link., Eleusinindica (L.) Gaertn., Paspalum scrobiculatum L., Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven. The Poaceae family is most commonly found as a rice weed in Rimau District, South Sumatra.

Typification of Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. var. reptans Parl.

Eleocharis palustris (Linnaeus 1753: 70) Roemer & Schultes (1817: 151) belongs to the Eleocharis Brown (1810: 224) subser. Eleocharis (Bureš et al. 2004). In Europe (see Walters 1980, Jiménez-Mejías & Luceño 2011, Pignatti 2017), two subspecies are widely accepted and reported: E. palustris subsp. palustris and E. palustris subsp waltersii Bureš & Danihelka (2008: 227) [≡ E. palustris subsp. vulgaris Walters (1949: 194), nom. illeg.].

KERAGAMAN JENIS VEGETASI DI KAWASAN RAWA TANPA POHON DESA BATI-BATI KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT SEBAGAI MATERI PENGAYAAN MATERI MATA KULIAH EKOLOGI LAHAN BASAH

Rawa merupakan istilah umum yang digunakan untuk semua daerah yang tergenang air baik secara musiman maupun permanen dan memiliki keragaman flora dan fauna yang khas. Rawa di Kalimantan terdapat kurang lebih sebesar 10,56 juta ha, dan di Kalimantan Selatan terdapat kurang lebih 235,677 ha. Salah satu rawa tersebut adalah rawa tanpa pohon, yang juga terdapat di Desa Bati-Batiyang didominasi oleh rumput-rumputan dan herba aquatik lainnya.Rawa tanpa pohon salah satunya di Desa Bati-Bati Kecamatan Bati-Bati Kabupaten Tanah Laut, yang data keragaman jenis vegetasi di kawasan tersebut berpotensi digunakan sebagai sumber belajar Ekologi.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui keragaman jenis vegetasi rawa tanpa pohon di Desa Bati-Bati Kabupaten Tanah Laut, dan membuat handout pengayaan Materi Matakuliah Ekologi Lahan Basah yang valid.Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, berupa penelitian lapangan untuk mengetahui keragaman vegetasi rawa tanpa pohon dan penelitian pengembangan untuk membuat bahan ajar berupa handout.Hasil penelitian didapatkan 12 jenis yaitu Vetiveria zizanoides (bundung), Leersia hexandra (banta), Panicum virgatum (kumpai batu), Eleocharis palustris (purun), Eleocharis acicularis (rumput purun), Eleocharis dulcis (purun tikus), Ludwegia hyssopifolia (pipisangan), Leptochlea caerulencens (parupuk), Nyampheae pubescens (batang tanding), Ipomea aquatic (kangkung), Cynodon dactylon (rumput jarum) dan Mikania scandens (kangkung pagar).dan Indeks Diversitas (H’) sebesar 1,5544 dikategorikan keanekaragaman sedang. Validitas bahan ajar handout tentang keanekaragaman vegetasi di kawasan rawa tanpa pohon Desa Bati-bati kabupaten Tanah Laut sebagai pengayaan materi mata kuliah Ekologi Lahan Basah adalah sangat valid.Kata Kunci: Keanekaragaman, Vegetasi, Rawa tanpa Pohon, Handout

Reintroducing plant coverage in a tropical wetland contaminated with oil and sulfate: rhizosphere effects on Desulfovibrio populations

The Mexican tropical wetland is a coastal system with capacity to support the contamination derived from the extractive industry and the transformation of crude oil, due to its high plant biodiversity and the presence of rhizospheric reducing sulphate bacteria from plants tolerant to crude oil. A field experiment was carried out for nine months to evaluate the adaptation of aquatic plants Leersia hexandra grass and Eleocharis palustris spikerush reintroduced in a wetland contaminated with 75 560 to 118 789 mg kg-1 of weathered petroleum and also with sulfate, derived from oil and gas pipeline leaks, and gaseous emissions. The effect of the weathered oil and sulfate on the dry matter production and the population density of the bacterium Desulfovibrio spp, isolated from the rhizosphere and soil of both plants, were evaluated. The means of the variables had statistical differences (p< 0.05). Weathered oil inhibited dry matter production of L. hexandra but not E. palustris; the effect of petroleum on Desulfovibrio density was very significant negative in the rhizosphere and in the soil of both plants. Sulfate reduced the dry matter of grass. The exposure of Desulfovibrio to sulfate significantly reduced its density in rhizosphere and soil (p< 0.01). We recommend the use of E. palustris for the decontamination of flooded soils contaminated with weathered oil and sulfate. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 908-917. Epub 2018 June 01.

Current distribution of Pilularia globulifera L. in Poland – changes of geographical range and habitat preferences

<em>Pilularia globulifera </em>is a subatlantic European fern threatened with extinction. In Poland, it reaches the eastern border of its continuous range. Up to the end of the 20th century, it was observed here in 21 stands; only 2 of them existed by the second half of the century, so the species was categorized as critically endangered. Five new locations have been found in western and northwestern Poland during the last 10 years. Abundant and permanent populations grow in 3 locations, while 2 stands were ephemeral. All the current stands are situated in anthropogenic habitats with spontaneous vegetation, in oligotrophic to eutrophic waters. One of the new localities is about 280 km distant from the eastern range of the limit known previously. <em>Pilularia </em>forms its own plant community <em>Pilularietum globuliferae</em>, enters plots of <em>Ranunculo-Juncetum bulbosi </em>and occurs in mesotrophic to eutrophic rushes of <em>Eleocharis palustris</em>, <em>Phragmites australis</em>, <em>Typha angustifolia </em>and <em>Equisetum fluviatile</em>. Specimens are vigorous and regularly produce sporocarps.