Memorialization of the Past through Artistic Forms: Rememberance of the Partisan Movement during and after Yugoslavia

In memory studies, the importance of textualization and visualization (cultural mediation) of the socially shared memories of the past is particularly emphasized. However, while the accent is on the issues of the reasons for some representations to become dominant in relation to others, why the preferred images of the past change over time, as well as of the circumstances and actors that facilitate these changes in the choice and representation of the “desirable” past, less attention is paid to the change in the dominant media through which these images are transferred. This paper examines the reasons behind certain socio-political circumstances and historical periods that render particularly relevant some artistic forms in collective representations of the shared past. Can the artistic forms themselves, as the media of transfer of the messages from the past, testify of the socio-historical function of collective memory, as well as of the society that “addresses” its past in this manner? Aiming for the affirmative answer to this question, the text discusses the favoured artistic expressions of the memory of the World War II in three chronological segments in the socialist Yugoslavia and after its collapse, when the memory is 1) marked and institutionalized as the narrative of the partisans’ struggle and victory; 2) disputed and reshaped as the “dissident” narrative; and 3) taken over from the former official memory and transformed into a form of social-cultural critique.

“They had already sold”: Uncovering relations among the local state, the market and the public in the case of municipal housing privatization, in Rosengård, Sweden

This paper uncovers the local state's complex intersections with the market and its multifaceted relations with the public through an in-depth qualitative case study of municipal housing privatization and urban renewal in one of the heartlands of the Swedish welfare state project, Rosengård in Malmö, Sweden. Drawing on the political-economic literature, I argue that housing privatization is entangled with complex interrelations among the (municipal) local state, the market, and the public and that an exploration of these relations reveals contemporary features of the local state. Hence, this investigation highlights the local state's motivation for privatization, the remaking of a market in a place where the market is believed to have failed, and the powers the local state retains. Additionally, the paper elucidates how the function of public assets changes due to privatization and considers tenants’ and residents’ worries, criticism, and concerns about municipal interventions. Subsequently, by grounding these findings in the historical function of municipalities in Sweden, the study contributes new knowledge on the local state in a deepened neoliberalized and financialized urban landscape.

Decomposing the asylum in Samuel Beckett’s Malone Dies: Genetic criticism and the author

This article focuses on Samuel Beckett’s use of the asylum in his novel Malone Dies to explore the role of non-textual elements in genetic criticism (the study of a writer’s creative process through the analysis of their compositional manuscripts), as well as the function of the author in genetic analysis. Taking as its starting point Iain Bailey’s challenge to genetic critics to account for the biographical author which underpins the discipline’s study of written traces in authorial manuscripts, the article contends that genetic criticism must be used in tandem with other approaches such as historicism when studying spaces like Beckett’s asylums. Though Beckett took a scholarly approach when integrating such material into earlier work, making research notes which can be regarded as part of the genetic dossier, the asylum in Malone Dies – based on Dublin’s Saint John of God Hospital – leaves no such trail of textual breadcrumbs. Therefore, we must pay particular attention to the historical function of Saint John of God’s in order to understand how the asylum works in composition and reception. In doing so, an author existing beyond the written traces they leave behind can retake their place in a necessarily incomplete empirical field over five decades after Roland Barthes prematurely declared their death.

THE IRRELEVANCE OF NON-RECOGNITION TO AUSTRALIA'S ANTARCTIC TERRITORY TITLE

It is often noted that few States recognize the seven national claims to Antarctic territory. Australia, one of the claimants, asserts title over 42 per cent of the continent and yet only four States have recognized its claim. Some States have expressly rejected Australia's claim. This article examines the legal significance of such widespread non-recognition. It does so through interrogating the evolution of the legal regime of territorial acquisition, its historical function and application to Antarctica, and relevant decisions of international courts and tribunals. The article identifies, and distinguishes amongst, several categories of non-recognition and considers the relevance of each. The analysis finds that the seemingly meagre level of recognition of Australia's title to the Australian Antarctic Territory does not detract from the validity of that title. This article points to possible reasons as to why a number of polar scholars may have suggested otherwise.

Doing Justice to History

As communities—both local and international—have struggled to make sense of mass atrocity situations, expectations have increasingly been placed on international criminal courts to render authoritative historical accounts of the episodes of mass violence that fall within their purview. Taking these expectations as its point of departure, Doing Justice to History seeks to understand international criminal courts through the prism of their historical function—critically examining how such courts confront the past by constructing historical narratives concerning both the culpability of the accused on trial and the broader mass atrocity contexts in which they are alleged to have participated. The book argues that international criminal courts are host to struggles for historical justice, discursive contests between different actors vying for judicial acknowledgement of their preferred interpretations of the past. By examining these struggles within different institutional settings, the book surfaces the legitimating qualities of international criminal judgments—illuminating, in particular, what tends to be foregrounded and included within, as well as marginalised and excluded from, the narratives of international criminal courts in practice. What emerges from this account is a sense of the significance of thinking about the emancipatory limits and possibilities of international criminal courts in terms of the historical narratives that are constructed and contested both within and beyond the courtroom in different institutional and societal contexts.

The Struggle for Historical Justice

This chapter situates the book within existing scholarship concerning the historical function of international criminal courts and introduces the book’s analytical perspective, namely the characterisation of international criminal courts as confrontational terrains that are host to struggles for historical justice—intense contests in which a range of different actors vie for judicial acknowledgement of their preferred interpretations of the past. In order to facilitate a critical examination of these struggles, the chapter elaborates a framework for exploring how the situated choices of different actors have influenced the scope and content of judicially constructed historical narratives in different institutional contexts. The framework identifies the actors involved in struggles for historical justice, the questions around which such struggles tend to be structured, and the practices through which such struggles are conducted.

Introduction

This chapter introduces the book’s consideration of how international criminal courts have confronted the past in different institutional contexts. The chapter provides a chapter-by-chapter overview of the book’s central themes and arguments. The book is concerned with the historical function of international criminal courts—their role in the construction of historical narratives concerning both the culpability of the accused on trial and the broader mass atrocity context in which they are alleged to have participated. This historical function raises a number of questions concerning the scope and content of the historical narratives constructed within international criminal judgments, the actors that exert influence over such processes, and the extent to which such histories are consistent and authoritative both within and beyond the courtroom. This book aims to address these questions by examining how the past has been confronted within three sets of international criminal courts: first, the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg and the International Military Tribunal for the Far East at Tokyo; second, the United Nations ad hoc tribunals, namely the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone; and finally, the International Criminal Court. By critically examining the scope and content of the histories constructed within the judgments of these courts and by surfacing the influence of different actors and contexts over the precise orientation of judicial narratives, this book seeks to develop a deeper understanding of the emancipatory potential and limits of international criminal courts across different institutional settings.

Mainstreaming Dissidence: Confronting Binary Gender in Social Work's Grand Challenges

To genuinely embody its commitment to anti-oppression, social work must call on a critical gender framework in its response to the Grand Challenges for Social Work. Such an approach demands that social workers move beyond reactivity to thoroughly interrogate the binary gender system upholding the gendered injustices this special issue calls us to confront. This includes a consideration of the ways a binary gender system is ideologically linked to and acts together with constructs of whiteness, nationhood, citizenship, and ability. The present article seeks to complicate the lens such that gender is not a proxy for White cisgender womanhood but rather a call to unravel webs of normative thinking. Guided by transfeminist theory, the authors examine three grand challenges—climate change, technology, and advancing long and productive lives—in an effort to detail the current and historical function of the binary gender system as a tool for the subjugation of trans and nonbinary people and to explore social work’s role in building freer and more equitable futures.

El telèfon mòbil: Dimensió i recurs educatiu. Treballar amb imatges en el context de les arts visuals.

This text is part of the doctoral thesis ICT in the university teacher education. The mobile phone in the Teaching of Artistic Expression at the Faculty of Pedagogy at the Universitat de València (2017a). It offers a many-faceted view of the mobile phone – its dimension, evolution, social and historical function – and explores the opportunities that this device brings in an educational and artistic context through Mobile Learning. From the perspective of the Visual Arts, our interest lies in working through images and offering alternative work proposals. The theory related to Mobile Learning is presented, underlining the benefits that mobile and ubiquitous learning can represent today. The teaching opportunities that we must promote in the classrooms of the 21st century are assessed in terms of their relevance and appropriateness in the social and technological reality that surrounds us.

Forgotten agritourism: abandoned websites in the promotion of rural tourism in Poland

Purpose Until recently, a large number of owners of small agritourism farms in Poland, for promotional purposes, used the (“abandoned”) websites made in an amateur manner at the lowest possible cost. The main purpose of this study is to characterize these websites. To achieve this goal, an attempt was made to evaluate the quality of these sites. Design/methodology/approach Two sets of websites were studied: the set of archaic sites (n = 282) and the set of modern sites (n = 282). The study consisted in the evaluation of selected attributes of the website development technology. The obtained results were normalized using the method of zero unitarization. Subsequently, the value of the aggregate variable was determined, which made it possible to describe each website with one synthetic quality index (SQI). Findings “Abandoned websites” do not perform marketing and sales functions. Owing to the frequent lack of content, they also lack an informative function. These websites have documentary value, as well as a historical function. Originality/value The paper presents the assessment of websites using one of the unification methods and the SQI. It has been shown that websites, in addition to having typical functions such as information, marketing or contact, may also have a historical function.