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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faihaa Eltigani ◽  
Sulafa Ahmed ◽  
Maged Yahya ◽  
Mawahib Ahmed

Abstract PurposeMicrowave hyperthermia is a treatment modality that uses microwaves to destroy cancer cells by increasing their temperature to 41- 45°C. This study aims to design, modeling, and simulation of a microwave sleeve antenna for hepatic (liver) hyperthermia. MethodThe designed antenna resonated at 2.45 GHz. The antenna was tested in six different 3D liver models: Model A: without a tumor and blood vessels; Model B: with a realistic tumor (2x3 cm) and without blood vessels; Model C: created by adding blood vessels to model B; Model D: created by adding a small tumor (1.5x1.5 cm) to model C and changed its location; Model E: same as model C with a different tumor size; Model F: model with a simple spherical tumor (1.5x1.5 cm).ResultsThe return loss of the antenna varied from -45 dB to -25 dB for the 6 models. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) was between 29 W/kg to 30W/kg in the tumors and below 24 W/Kg in the surrounding tissues. The tumors’ temperature elevated to 43- 45°C, while the temperature of the surrounding tissues was below 41°C.ConclusionsThe results showed the capability of the designed antenna to raise the temperature of hepatic tumors to the therapeutic ranges of hyperthermia.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Soon Kyu Lee ◽  
Dong Jin Chung ◽  
Se Hyun Cho

The efficacy and safety of microwave ablation (MWA) compared to radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for patients with treatment-naïve and recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been clarified in Korea. There were 150 HCC patients (100 in the RFA group and 50 in the MWA group) enrolled in our study. The primary outcome was one- and two-year disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary outcomes were complete response (CR) rate, two-year survival rate, risk factors for DFS and complication rate. Treatment outcomes were also assessed using propensity-score matching (PSM). The MWA group had better one- and two-year DFS than the RFA group (p = 0.035 and p = 0.032, respectively), whereas the CR rate, two-year survival rate, and complication rate were similar between the two groups with fewer major complications in the MWA group (p = 0.043). Patients with perivascular tumors, high risk of recurrence, and small tumor size (≤3 cm) were more suitable for MWA than RFA. MWA was also an independent factor for favorable one- and two-year DFS. Finally, the MWA group still showed better one- and two-year DFS than the RFA group after PSM. In conclusion, MWA could be an alternative treatment to RFA especially in patients with a high risk of recurrence, perivascular tumors, and small tumor size.


ASJ. ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (56) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
M. Tillashaykhov ◽  
L. Gaziev ◽  
D. Almuradova

This article analyzes the main clinical, morphological factors affecting the outcome of the disease, and determines their proportion. Favorable clinical and morphological signs were: absence of lymphovascular invasion, lymphocytic infiltration of the tumor, small tumor size, absence of concomitant pathology. Adverse prognosis factors include: lymphovascular invasion, absence of tumor infiltration by lymphocytes, large tumor size and severe concomitant pathologies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Akiyama ◽  
Tomoyuki Abe ◽  
Akihiko Oshita ◽  
Akinori Shimizu ◽  
Keiji Hanada ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Cholangiolocellular carcinoma (CoCC) is a relatively rare primary liver tumor. We present a literature review and case report of a patient who presented with a slow-growing CoCC that was completely resected after a 5-year follow-up period. Case presentation The patient was a 66-year-old man with a history of inflammatory thoracic and intra-abdominal pseudo-tumors. He was regularly followed up at our hospital for partial dilation of the pancreatic duct branch located in the body of the pancreas. Five years earlier, computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a small tumor in liver segment 4. Radiological findings were suggestive of hemangioma. Tumor size gradually increased during the 5-year follow-up period. CT scans showed that the tumor had progressed in size from 10 to 20 mm. Positron emission tomography CT revealed an accumulation of fluorodeoxyglucose (standardized uptake value max 5.3) at the tumor site. The tumor exhibited high intensity on T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted images of ethoxybenzyl magnetic resonance imaging. The tumor showed high intensity during the early phase but low intensity during the hepatobiliary phase. Tumor markers were within their respective normal ranges. Suspecting intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, left hepatectomy was performed. The tumor was diagnosed as CoCC based on pathological findings. The patient’s post-operative course was uneventful. The patient survived for a year, without any recurrence. Conclusions In cases dealing with small tumor sizes, it is difficult to distinguish between CoCC and hemangioma due to their similar radiological findings. Thus, it is important to consider the diagnosis of CoCC in small benign hepatic tumors. As such, follow-up radiological examination is recommended.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonho Byun ◽  
Moinay Kim ◽  
Sang Woo Song ◽  
Young-Hoon Kim ◽  
Chang Ki Hong ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction : Surgery for cerebellar hemangioblastoma can be challenging because of the tumor’s location in the posterior fossa and its inherent nature of hypervascularity. Methods We reviewed a total of seven consecutive patients who received microsurgery adjunction with indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography. Results Our study included four female and three male patients. All tumors were located in the cerebellum. We used ICG videoangiography for the purposes of identifying a small tumor inside the cyst in one case, for defining feeding arteries and draining veins in three cases, for confirming residual tumor in the resection cavity in two cases, and for assessment of tumor shunt flow in one case of extremely hypervascular hemangioblastoma. Median blood loss during surgery was 100 mL, and total resection was achieved in all cases with no complications. No adverse effects of ICG videoangiography were observed. Conclusions ICG videoangiography is a very useful adjunctive tool for cerebellar hemangioblastoma surgery.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehui Liu ◽  
Yezhou Ding ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Qingqing Zhao ◽  
Lei Yan ◽  
...  

Abstract Background IL34 involves in host immunity regulated carcinogenesis. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is related to the development of HCC. We explored if combination of IL-34 and APF could improve the diagnostic value in HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBVHCC). Methods Serum was obtained from HBV patients or healthy control. Liver tissue was obtained from liver biopsy in CHB, HBV related cirrhosis patients or curative resection in HBVHCC patients. Serum IL34 and MCSF were measured. Hepatic IL34, MCSF and CD68+ tumor associate macrophages (TAMs) were determined. Results Serum IL34 was 1.7, 1.3 or 2.3-fold higher in HBVHCC than that of CHB, HBV related cirrhosis, or healthy control, which was inhibited following transhepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in HBVHCC patients. Intrahepatic IL34 was higher in HBVHCC than that of the other three groups. Intra-hepatic IL34 was associated with high HBVDNA, HBeAg−, poor differentiation and small tumor size of HBVHCC patients. Intra-hepatic TAMs in HBVHCC were increased 1.7 or 1.3-fold, compared to that from CHB or HBV-cirrhosis patients. Intra-hepatic TAMs were associated with high HBVDNA, high tumor differentiation, small tumor size, abnormal AFP and more tumor number. AFP plus serum IL-34, showed the highest AUC (0.837) with sensitivity (0.632) and highest specificity (0.931), suggesting that AFP plus IL-34 enhances the reliability for prediction of the development of HBVHCC among CHB patients. Conclusions Circulating and intra-hepatic IL34 was upregulated gradually in HBV disease progression from CHB, cirrhosis and HCC. IL-34 may be used as a diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for the management of HBVHCC.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 950
Author(s):  
Hiroki Matsumoto ◽  
Tadashi Watabe ◽  
Chika Igarashi ◽  
Tomoko Tachibana ◽  
Fukiko Hihara ◽  
...  

Objectives: To improve the prognosis of pancreatic cancer, new imaging methods to identify tumor lesions at a size of <1 cm are urgently needed. To approach this clinical issue, we developed a new method to detect small tumor lesions in the pancreas (≥3 mm) by positron emission tomography (PET) using an intraperitoneally (ip)-administered 64Cu-labeled new anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody (encoded as NCAB001), called 64Cu-NCAB001 ipPET. Methods: NCAB001 was manufactured under cGMP conditions and labeled with 64Cu. The radiochemical and biological properties of 64Cu-NCAB001 were evaluated. Tumor uptake of an ip-administered 64Cu-NCAB001 in mice with orthotopic pancreatic tumor xPA1-DC xenografts was also evaluated. Pharmacokinetics and radiation dosimetry were examined using PET images acquired after the ip administration of 64Cu-NCAB001 into cynomolgus monkeys with pharmacologic safety monitoring. Results: Radio-chromatography, cell-binding assays, and biodistribution of 64Cu-NCAB001 in mice were identical to those of our previous data with clinically available cetuximab. Small tumor lesions in the pancreas (≥3 mm) of mice could be identified by 64Cu-NCAB001 ipPET. The ip administration of 64Cu-NCAB001 into monkeys was safely conducted using ultrasound imaging. PET images in monkeys showed that ip-administered 64Cu-NCAB001 was distributed throughout the intraperitoneal cavity for up to 6 h and cleared thereafter. Most of the radioactivity was distributed in the liver and the large intestine. The radioactivity around the pancreas became negligible 24 h after administration. The estimated human effective dose was 0.0174 mSv/MBq. Conclusion: Our data support the initiation of clinical trials of 64Cu-NCAB001 ipPET to transfer this promising tool for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Chih Hsu ◽  
Kuo-Cheng Huang ◽  
Wei-Shone Chen ◽  
Jeng-Kai Jiang ◽  
Shung-Haur Yang ◽  
...  

AbstractGiven the unclear preference criteria for regorafenib in treating refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), this study aimed to construct an algorithm in selecting right patients for regorafenib. This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Patients with pathology confirmed mCRC and administered with regorafenib for > 3 weeks were enrolled. Patients with good response were defined to have progression-free survival (PFS) of ≥ 4 months. The Kaplan–Meier plot was used to analyze survival. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze univariate and multivariate prognostic factors and was visualized using forest plot. A clustering heatmap was used to classify patients according to responses. The decision tree and nomogram were used to construct the approaching algorithm. A total of 613 patients was analyzed. The median PFS and overall survival (OS) were 2.7 and 10.6 months, respectively. The partial response and stable disease rate are 2.4% and 36.4%. The interval between metastasis (M1) and regorafenib, metastatic status (number, liver, and brain), and CEA level were independent prognostics factors of PFS that classifies patients into three groups: good, bad and modest-1/modest-2 group with PFS >  = 4 months rates of 51%, 20%, 39% and 30%, respectively. Results were used to develop the decision tree and nomogram for approaching patients indicated with regorafenib. The preference criteria for regorafenib in treating patients with refractory mCRC are small tumor burden (CEA), slow growth (interval between metastasis and regorafenib) and poor/scanty spread (metastatic status: number and sites of metastasis): The 3S rules.TRIAL registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03829852; Date of first registration (February 11, 2019).


Author(s):  
Yanan Liu ◽  
Jingyu Li ◽  
Dongbin Xu ◽  
Hongyan Meng ◽  
Jing Dong ◽  
...  
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