Comparison of Local and Systemic DTPA Treatment Efficacy According to Actinide Physicochemical Properties Following Lung or Wound Contamination in the Rat

Purpose: In cases of occupational accidents in nuclear facilities or subsequent to terrorist activities, the most likely routes of internal contamination with alpha-particle emitting actinides, such as plutonium (Pu) and americium (Am), are by inhalation or following wounding. Following contamination, actinide transfer to the circulation and subsequent deposition in skeleton and liver depends primarily on the physicochemical nature of the compound. The treatment remit following internal contamination is to decrease actinide retention and in consequence potential health risks, both at the contamination site and in systemic retention organs as well as to promote elimination. The only approved drug for decorporation of Pu and Am is the metal chelator diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). However, a limited efficacy of DTPA has been reported following contamination with insoluble actinides, irrespective of the contamination route. The objectives of this work are to evaluate the efficacy of prompt local and/or systemic DTPA treatment regimens following lung or wound contamination by actinides with differing solubility. The conclusions are drawn from retrospective analysis of experimental studies carried out over 10 years.Materials and Methods: Rat lungs or wounds were contaminated either with poorly soluble Mixed OXide (U, Pu O2) or more soluble forms of Pu (nitrate or citrate). DTPA treatment was administered promptly after contamination, locally to lungs by insufflation of a powder or inhalation of aerosolized solution or by injection directly into the wound site. Intravenous injections of DTPA were given either once or repeated in combination with the local treatment. Doses ranged from 1 to 30 µmol/kg. Animals were euthanized from day 7–21 and alpha activity levels were measured in urine, lungs, wound, bone and liver for determination of decorporation efficacy.Results: Different experiments confirmed that whatever the route of contamination, most of the activity is retained at the entry site after insoluble MOX contamination as compared with contamination with more soluble forms which results in very low activities reaching the systemic compartment and subsequent retention in bone and liver. Several DTPA treatment regimens were evaluated that had no significant effect on either lung or wound levels compared with untreated animals. In contrast, in all cases systemic retention (skeleton and liver) was reduced and urinary excretion were enhanced irrespective of the contamination route or DTPA treatment regimen.Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that despite limitation of retention in systemic organs, different DTPA protocols were ineffective in removing insoluble actinides deposited in lungs or wound site. For moderately soluble actinides, local or intravenous DTPA treatment reduced activity levels both at contamination and at systemic sites.

Cases of sexual diseases with alpha-emitting nanoparticulates : Parkinson’s, Primary Biliary Cholangitis (prostate and clitoris) – and opening the breast implant debate

These diseases can be called sexual diseases thanks to retro-analysis of the global process of development and degenerescence and combination of the author’s earlier works with research of other authors that demonstrate in new ways the argument. Cultures that encourage sexual repression produce diseases mechanically and exogeneous factors of internal contamination with alpha emitters demultiplicate the effects spilling from these cultural choices. It is possible that researchers investigating Parkinson’s have already years ago understood the link with alpha decay and “flagged” it but because they thought that Parkinson patients indeed due to their full responsivity in depriving their own prostate whereas homosexuality shows how stimulating it creates well-known powerful orgasms, had to suffer, and went not beyond the allegory of alpha emitting nanoparticulates in their articles (which is why this is called “flagging” – “signaling”).

The Development of Gametophyte Sterilization Method for Liverworts Acrolejeunea fertilis (Reinw., Blume and Nees) Schiffn. In vitro Culture

In vitro culture gametophytes of leafy liverworts often have problems in their sterilization process. These problems due to the high level of contamination and the fragile structure of the gametophyte leafy liverworts. The structures can be easily to damage after exposure to disinfectant. This study aimed to observe the concentration and the exposure time of “Bayclin” commercial bleach to suppress contamination with the viability of Acrolejeunea fertilisgametophytic explants. This research was conducted using control and 6 combination treatments with “Bayclin” concentration (1.00%, 1.25%, and 1.50%) and exposure time 60 and 120 seconds, then accompanied by the addition of Tetracycline 2.5 mg/ml. The qualitative parameters observed were the explant color, the type and location of contamination, and the growth of explants. The quantitative parameters were the percentage of contamination, the percentage of growth, and the number of new branches. The results showed that “Bayclin” 1.25% and 1.50% with 60 seconds exposure time has the lowest percentage of contamination which is 70% until the 7th days after planting. The most common type of internal contamination from the explant is bacteria and fungi. However, the growth of the new branch still occurs in some explants even though it has been contaminated and browned.

“Spitting as traditional medicine” – why alpha-emitting nanoparticulates make spitting an unfortunate but significant contribution to health

Spitting is a human reflex as old as civilization, related, mainly, as is shown, to the evacuation of internal contamination with alpha-emitting nanoparticulates, a contamination with many causes, from car fumes and industrial smokes, coal ashes and cement, radon, phosphated fertilizers, to depleted uranium weapons and natural dust and tap water in areas of high natural radioactivity, as well as cigarettes, for the main sources. Strong levels of coal ash pollution together with high natural radioactivity explain for instance the spitting “custom” in Chinese streets, together with long distances between workplace and home, widespread cigarette use, and lack of public toilets. Alphaemitting nanoparticulates become a part of the digestion cycle in meat-eaters, but not without collateral damage.

A Novel Intermediate Attachment to Reduce Contamination in Reusable Core Needle Biopsy Devices

One barrier to breast cancer diagnosis in low-resource settings is that devices for core needle biopsy (CNB) are either disposable and expensive, or reusable and susceptible to internal contamination. Through interviews with field workers and verification experiments, we identified that a common, commercially available, reusable CNB device allows contaminants to enter the driver chamber during firing, necessitating laborious cleaning of the entire device after every use. We introduce a novel CNB device attachment that eliminates this contamination mode and interfaces with existing commercial reusable drivers and low-cost disposable needles. This attachment repositions the driver–needle connection to the exterior of the driver, preventing retrograde flow of blood. Using an unmodified commercial CNB, we replicate chamber contamination by firing into a body fluid-mimicking glycerol solution. Prototypes were tested for their performance in eliminating this contamination. We tested the effectiveness of a cleaning procedure to reduce trace contamination by using a fluorescent dye and measuring the intensity of fluorescence after cleaning. The device's ability to reliably and consistently biopsy tissue with the novel attachment was evaluated using breast tissue models. In these tests, a reusable CNB with our attachment exhibited no measurable internal contamination, and maintained full biopsy functionality as measured by tissue sample weight and length. Minimizing internal device contamination would simplify the cleaning process for reusable biopsy devices. This would improve the accessibility of breast cancer biopsies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).