scholarly journals “Spitting as traditional medicine” – why alpha-emitting nanoparticulates make spitting an unfortunate but significant contribution to health

2021 ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Internal Contamination ◽  
Coal Ashes ◽  
Public Toilets

Spitting is a human reflex as old as civilization, related, mainly, as is shown, to the evacuation of internal contamination with alpha-emitting nanoparticulates, a contamination with many causes, from car fumes and industrial smokes, coal ashes and cement, radon, phosphated fertilizers, to depleted uranium weapons and natural dust and tap water in areas of high natural radioactivity, as well as cigarettes, for the main sources. Strong levels of coal ash pollution together with high natural radioactivity explain for instance the spitting “custom” in Chinese streets, together with long distances between workplace and home, widespread cigarette use, and lack of public toilets. Alphaemitting nanoparticulates become a part of the digestion cycle in meat-eaters, but not without collateral damage.

Studies on the Leaching and Weathering Processes of Coal Ashes

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 163-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hay Leim ◽  
Magnusöm Sandstr ◽  
Tom Wallin ◽  
Anders Carne ◽  
Ulla Rydevik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Metal Leaching ◽  
Magnetic Fraction ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Coal Ashes

Within the Swedish project Coal-Health-Environment (Kol-Hälsa-Mi1jö) leaching studies were made on several types of coal ashes, fly ashes, bottom ashes and scrubber sludges. Studies were made on the effects of pH, pCl, pCO3. pEDTA and pSO4, in the leaching solution on the leaching of metals from coal ashes. As a model for the leaching system, we studied the leaching of Cr, Co, Ni, tu, Zn, Mo, Se, As, Cd and Pb. The leaching of the metals was found to increase with pH for pH less than 2 and pH greater than 9, and to decrease for 2 > pH > 6. The metal leaching behaviour may in part be explained by the mass-action law. We have also made long-term leaching tests of several coal ashes from Danish and Finnish Power Plants using leaching water of different pH. The dominating crystalline phases in the different coal ashes have been identified by X-ray diffraction technique. The major species in the different coal ashes were found to be mullite (3A12.2SiO2), α-quartz (Sio2) and the iron oxides magnetite and hematite. Leaching and X-ray studies were also made on the magnetic fraction of the fly ashes. Equilibrium analysis were made on the system Me-OH-Cl-CO32− - SO42−, where Me = Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Se, As, Cd and Pb, partly using the computer program HALTAFALL. A model for the metal leaching from a coal ash deposit will be discussed.

Mineralogy and Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Coal Ash from Yang Zonghai Power Plant

2010 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 497-501
Author(s):  
Feng Rui Zhai ◽  
Zhong Zhou Yi ◽  
Qun Cai ◽  
Huan Bin Song ◽  
Li Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Test Results ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Coal Ashes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The modality, physical and chemical characteristics, mineralogy and distribution of particle size of coal ash were studied by modern analytic technology SEM, spectral analysis, X - ray Diffraction (XRD) and laser granularity analyzer. The test results show that the mineralogy of coal ashes is dominated mainly by mullite, quartz and hematite.The coal ash of Yang Zonghai power plant has lower content of calcium oxide and is low calcium ash.At the same time, the losing amount is low to burn.The particle diameter is small and mainly concentrates on the range of 1-40 m.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PEMBAKARAN BATUBARA (BOTTOM ASH) PADA PLTU SURALAYA SEBAGAI MEDIA TANAM DALAM UPAYA MENGURANGI PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN

Kilat ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Redaksi Tim Jurnal
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Mixed Medium ◽  
Research Procedure ◽  
Coal Ashes

This research on the utilization of coal-ash that is wasted at the coal-fired power plant is conducted with the intention to become an effort to alleviate environmental impact of the power plant. The by-production of such waste in coal-fired power plants is a direct consequence of the rising demand on electricity as one of human basic needs in modern lifestyle. Endeavor to save the environment is a manifestation of the good culture of environmental awareness; indeed, human being shall act responsibly for the soundness of the environment. Some sufficient amounts in different composition of coal bottom-ash from a coal-fired power plant mixed with another medium were implemented toward a variety of plants, i.e. a certain type of Orchid (“Moon” Orchid or Phalaenopsis amabilis), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) , and Sansevieria. A series of mixed medium with different composition (each particular composition is in triplicate), is prepared consisting of 0%, 25%, 50%. 75%, and 100% of Bottom Ash, consecutively. The observed result shows that Bottom Ash is not suitable for the orchid plant as its medium. This more probably results from the fact that the pH of Bottom Ash tends to be more alkaline, while the Orchid plant would only be growing optimally in acidic - normal condition. In the case of Tomato plant, Bottom Ash is usable to be the plant growing medium; in fact an increase of Bottom Ash percentage expedites the plant growth from its seed to become small plants. Another plant under observation is Sansivieria. Bottom Ash turns out to be suitable as a medium for this plant. In fact, this type of plant remains growing steadily and normally in media with variable percentage of Bottom Ash, all along the research procedure. Bottom Ash contains some nutrient that are beneficial to plants, such as Boron (B), Phosphorus (P) and among other elements are Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo dan Se. Most of coal-ashes tend to be alkaline with pH ranging from 8 to12.

scholarly journals An artificial neural network-based prediction model for utilization of coal ash in production of fired clay bricks: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-53
Author(s):  
Milica Vidak-Vasic ◽  
Lato Pezo ◽  
Vivek Gupta ◽  
Sandeep Chaudhary ◽  
Zagorka Radojevic
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Mean Bias Error ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Bias Error ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Coal Ashes ◽  
Artificial Neural

This study analyzed the last 20 years` data available on power plant coal ashes used in clay brick production. The statistical analysis has been carried out for a total of 302 cases based on the relevant parameters reported in the literature. The chemical composition of the clays and coal ashes, percentage incorporation and maximum particle size of ash, size of fired samples, peak firing temperature, and the corresponding soaking time were selected as inputs for modeling. The product characteristics i.e. open porosity, water absorption, and compressive strength was taken as output parameters. An artificial neural network model has been developed and showed a satisfactory fit to experimental data and predicted the observed output variables with the overall coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.972 during the training period. Besides, the reduced chi-square, mean bias error, root mean square error, and mean percentage error were utilized to check the correctness of the obtained model, which proved the network generalization capability. The sensitivity analysis of the model suggested that the quantity of Na2O coming from brick clays, the percentages of SiO2 and K2O coming from ashes, and MgO coming from clays were the most influential parameters in descending order for the ash-clay composite bricks` quality, mostly owing to the influence of fluxes during firing.

scholarly journals Ash Characteristics and Selected Critical Elements (Ga, Sc, V) in Coal and Ash in Polish Deposits

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Barbara Bielowicz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Petrographic Composition ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Coal Ashes ◽  
The Relationship

The chemical composition of coal ash and the content of the critical elements Ga, Sc, and V in coal and ash are examined herein. In this study, lignite and bituminous coal from Polish deposits were used. The coals were subjected to ultimate and proximate analysis; the petrographic composition was determined based on maceral groups. The chemical composition of ash and the content of critical elements were determined using ICP-MS. The obtained results were correlated and Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient was determined. Based on the correlation analysis, the relationship between the chemical composition of ash and the proximate and ultimate analyses was demonstrated. The content of selected critical elements in the tested deposits was lower than the Clarke value in coal. However, in some deposits these contents are much higher in coal ashes. The higher levels of Ga, V, and Sc in the ash are associated with Al2O3. Therefore, it can be stated that ashes can be a potential source of some raw materials. The highest concentrations of critical elements in coal and ash were recorded in the Lublin Coal Basin. Supra-Clarke contents of Ga, V, and Sc were recorded in the Bogdanka coal mine.

Prediction of the Slagging Characteristics of Coal Ash Based on Vague Sets

2013 ◽  
Vol 668 ◽  
pp. 954-958
Author(s):  
Xiao Qiang Wen ◽  
Ling Fang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
Recognition Model ◽  
Vague Sets ◽  
Coal Ashes

The distance measures of similarity between vague sets (values) have been developed to solve the problem of slagging characteristic of coal ash, and a slag-prediction model of coal ash based on vague sets was proposed. In the model, four single indices and their bounds are involved. The indices are ST, SiO2/Al2O3, B/A and G. At the same time, 25 coal ashes were selected as samples. the model was employed to predict the slagging characteristic of the 10 coal ashes. Through predicting, determining and comparison, it proved that the accuracy of the pattern recognition model was 90 percent and met the engineering requirements. So the model built was reasonable and feasible.

Total Absorptivities and Emissivities of Particulate Coal Ash From Spectral Band Emissivity Measurements

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Wall ◽  
H. B. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Spectral Emissivity ◽  
Fe2o3 Content ◽  
Ash Layer ◽  
Coal Ashes ◽  
Emissivity Measurements

Previous measurements of the spectral emissivity of coal ashes are converted to total absorptivities and emissivities. Below the temperature at which ash sinters, the total absorptivity of an ash layer—which is necessary for the estimation of radiative transfer in furnaces—is shown to depend on both the source (flame) temperature and the ash temperature. Synthetic mixtures of the oxides Al2O3, SiO2, and Fe2O3 are shown to give the same trends as those for ashes of the same Fe2O3 content.

scholarly journals Measurement of Natural Radioactivity and Radon Exhalation Rate in Coal Ash Samples from a Thermal Power Plant

2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz Boukhair ◽  
Laila Belahbib ◽  
Khadija Azkour ◽  
Hamid Nebdi ◽  
Mohammed Benjelloun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Radon Exhalation Rate ◽  
Exhalation Rate ◽  
Radon Exhalation
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