Large-scale individual monitoring of internal contamination by gamma-emitting radionuclides in nuclear accident scenarios

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-150
Author(s):  
I Vilardi ◽  
G Antonacci ◽  
P Battisti ◽  
C-M Castellani ◽  
L Ciciani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Internal Contamination ◽  
Accident Scenarios

scholarly journals Assessment of the Risk of Medium-Term Internal Contamination in Minamisoma City, Fukushima, Japan, after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Accident

2014 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Sugimoto ◽  
Stuart Gilmour ◽  
Masaharu Tsubokura ◽  
Shuhei Nomura ◽  
Masahiro Kami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Internal Contamination

scholarly journals Integrating four-dimensional geographical information and mobile techniques into radiological accident emergency response training

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Kuan Tsai ◽  
Yung-Ching Lee ◽  
Chung-Hsin Lu ◽  
Mei-Hsin Chen ◽  
Tien-Yin Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Response Training ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training ◽  
Accident Scenarios

When radiological accidents occur, radioactive material may spread into the atmosphere, causing large-scale and long-term contamination. To diminish the effects of such accidents, researchers from many countries have investigated training programs in emergency response to radiological accidents, especially in the wake of several serious radiological accidents. Although many training programs have been proposed, this study identifies two problems: the lack of effective data representation and the lack of complete training records. Therefore, by considering various requirements for relief and evacuation work at radiological accident sites, it integrates four-dimensional geographical information and mobile techniques to construct a training platform for radiological accident emergency response. During training, groups of participants learn to respond to simulated radiological accident scenarios. Moreover, participants can use the training platform to review and discuss training details. Judging by the results, the training platform has not only increased the effectiveness of training programs, but also complied with standard operating procedures for radiological accident emergency response in Taiwan. In conclusion, this study could serve as a useful reference for similar studies and applications.

Pembelajaran Kecelakaan Nuklir Fukushima bagi Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Reno Alamsyah
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Fukushima Nuclear Accident ◽  
Safety Requirement

The Fukushima nuclear accident that occurred a decade ago has been considered a major accident. In this decade period, various important aspects of this accident were considered well-established for learning to improve nuclear safety infrastructure and prevent similar major accidents. The learning is very relevant for Indonesia, which is considered as an embarking country. Thus, this paper aims to assess the lessons that have been and can be learned by Indonesia from the nuclear accident. This study applies an analytical, descriptive and qualitative methodology using secondary data. In the first step, the important aspects of safety in the accident were identified applying the IAEA general safety requirement standards. The next step is the identification of relevant topics for each of these aspects in order to detail the lessons learned through an analysis of existing laws and regulations and international standards. This paper concludes that Indonesia has learned the lessons from the Fukushima nuclear accident in the aspects of international agreements, regulatory principles, and in accident prevention and mitigation. However, Indonesia still needs significant upgrading in the aspect’s leadership for safety and improvements in all these aspects. If a national decision has been made to build nuclear power plant, then these upgrading and improvements must be made to prevent a large-scale nuclear accident as happened at the Fukushima nuclear power plants.

scholarly journals Large Scale Gas Stratification Erosion by a Vertical Helium-Air Jet

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kapulla ◽  
G. Mignot ◽  
S. Paranjape ◽  
L. Ryan ◽  
D. Paladino
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
Buoyant Jet ◽  
Velocity Magnitude ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Tube Exit ◽  
Accident Scenarios

Containment conditions after certain postulated severe accident scenarios in nuclear power plants might result in the accumulation of hydrogen in the vessel dome. Inspired by these accident scenarios an experiment for the OECD/NEA benchmark exercise (2014) was carried out in the large scale PANDA facility at the Paul Scherrer Institut in Switzerland. The benchmark experiment was conducted at room temperature and under conditions characterized by an initially positively buoyant jet which becomes negatively buoyant while interacting with a helium layer. The experiment addresses (i) the initial conditions especially at the tube exit and (ii) the details of the entrainment of the helium stratification into the jet and the transport of the mixture towards the lower parts of the vessel. For the tube exit velocity mean and fluctuating quantities we find a reasonable agreement with pipe flow data, but a lack of agreement between past tube exit measurements and our results. It is shown that the axial velocity of the jet experiences a strong deceleration in the vicinity of the helium-rich layer and is finally stopped. Fluid accumulates in this zone and part of this fluid is flowing back in a narrow annular region around the upward flowing jet. Consequently, part of the annular flow is reentrained into the rising jet. During the layer erosion, the flow structure changes from a more downwards oriented annular type to a more horizontally oriented mushroom type of flow. It is found that locations for which we record considerable turbulent kinetic energykextends above the region where the velocity magnitudevhas decayed to almost zero, indicating that the jet deceleration and redirection introduces considerable turbulence in the helium stratification.

Research on Chinese Public Mental in Post-Fukushima Era

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Min
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Nuclear Radiation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Nuclear Power Development ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Countermeasures And Suggestions

Fukushima nuclear accident aroused large-scale public panic toward nuclear power development. Due to the limit knowledge of nuclear power, some people feel frightened and fearful for nuclear safety, nuclear radiation as well as nuclear accident. As the energy with clean, stable and high-efficiency, nuclear power always takes imperative and irreplaceable role in Chinese energy program. Therefore, public acceptance and basic knowledge towards nuclear power in post-Fukushima era is facing new unprecedented challenge. How to relieve the panic and frightening of the public and recover the confidence of nuclear power safety is gradually becoming the hot issue among public. This paper makes detailed investigations of current public mental in China toward nuclear power in post-Fukushima era, analyzes the internal and external causes of the panic feeling and further proposes several countermeasures and suggestions accordingly for safe and health development of nuclear power in China.

scholarly journals The Structure of Problems Surrounding the Fukushima Nuclear Accident Evacuees

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiko SATO
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Home Town ◽  
Limited Degree ◽  
The Town ◽  
Current Reconstruction

Since August 2011, the sociology study group of large-scale evacuation (SSGLE) has been conducting interviews with residents of the town of Tomioka in Fukushima Prefecture who were forced to evacuate from their home town because of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident. While supporting town meetings organized by stakeholders, SSGLE recognized the following issues: (1) The problems that evacuees have faced are complex and very extensive. (2) These issues are not correctly recognized by policy makers and therefore the present policies do not effectively relieve the affected people. (3) The hastiness of decision making on regional restoration plans has contributed to deterioration of the problems of the affected people, and furthermore, (4) the structure of the Japanese administrative system with its limited degree of local autonomy is behind such issues with planning and decision making. In addition to these issues, it is not possible to deny the existence of public opinion to boost the seriousness of these problems because they don’t realize the real situation that both of affected area and evacuees are facing. As these issues are caused by the discrepancies between the premise behind current reconstruction policies and the actual problems that nuclear accident evacuees are facing, the situation might lead to the collapse of the current policy approach and the municipalities themselves. To improve the situation, the following initiatives are required: survival and continuation of the affected communities that solely know and realize the serious problems by the accident, conveying feedback from the communities to the decision-makers by way of local governments, and long-term policies that take account of lived experiences and their changes as time goes on.

Distribution and geochemical behaviour of antimony in the Gironde Estuary: A first qualitative approach to regional nuclear accident scenarios

2016 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teba Gil-Díaz ◽  
Jörg Schäfer ◽  
Frédérique Pougnet ◽  
Melina Abdou ◽  
Lionel Dutruch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Gironde Estuary ◽  
Geochemical Behaviour ◽  
Accident Scenarios

scholarly journals Decision Support System Este for Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Atmospheric Dispersion Models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovít Lipták ◽  
Eva Fojcíková ◽  
Monika Krpelanová ◽  
Viera Fabová ◽  
Peter Čarný
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Atmospheric Dispersion ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Particle Model ◽  
Dispersion Models ◽  
Energy Agency

The systems ESTE are running in nuclear crisis centers at various levels of emergency preparedness and response in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Austria, Bulgaria, and Iran (at NPP monitored by International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA). ESTE is a decision support system, running 24/7, and serves the crisis staff to propose actions to protect inhabitants against radiation in case of a nuclear accident. ESTE is also applicable as decision support system in case of a malicious act with radioactive dispersal device in an urban or industrial environment. Dispersion models implemented in ESTE are Lagrangean particle model (LPM) and Puff trajectory model (PTM). Described are models approaches as implemented in ESTE. PTM is applied in ESTE for the dispersion calculation near the point of release, up to 100 km from the point of nuclear accident. LPM for general atmospheric transport is applied for short-range, meso-scale and large-scale dispersion, up to dispersion on the global scale. Additionally, a specific micro-scale implementation of LPM is applied for urban scale dispersion modelling too. Dispersion models of ESTE are joined with radiological consequences models to calculate a complete spectrum of radiological parameters - effective doses, committed doses and dose rates by various irradiation pathways and by various radionuclides. Finally, radiation protective measures, like sheltering, iodine prophylaxis, or evacuation, evaluated on the base of predicted radiological impacts are proposed. Dispersion and radiological models of the state-of-the-art ESTE systems are described. Results of specific analyses, like number of particles applied, initial spatial distribution of the source, height of the bottom reference layer, are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Exacerbation of Subthreshold PTSD Symptoms in a Great East Japan Earthquake Survivor in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Arinobu Hori ◽  
Toyoaki Sawano ◽  
Akihiko Ozaki ◽  
Masaharu Tsubokura
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
The People ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Actual Life ◽  
Exacerbation Of Symptoms

Background. In 2011, the people of Fukushima, Japan, experienced the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE), a complex disaster of earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear accident. Its residents are experiencing a second global disaster, a COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Objective. In this article, we aimed at discussing the effects of subthreshold PTSD in a previous disaster on an exacerbation of PTSD symptoms in another disaster. Method. We present a case of subthreshold PTSD in the context of a nuclear accident and exacerbation of symptoms due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results. Exacerbation of subthreshold PTSD symptoms was likely due to the reemergence of an urgent atmosphere similar to the previously experienced traumatic event. Conclusions. PTSD may occur not only in those who experience the actual life-threatening like ICU admission but in those who experience the atmospheric change of society. This case demonstrated the characteristics of subthreshold PTSD caused by two disasters that shared a similar sense of insecurity, the scale of impact on the society, invisibility of the threat, restricted movement, and authoritative conflicts. These commonalities led to a recurrence and exacerbation of initial symptoms. This finding should be shared with those involved in the care system for victims’ mental health suffering from a large-scale disaster, and we need further research about the issue.

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