On the Statistical Analysis of ZUC, Espresso and Grain v1

A stream cipher generates long keystream to be XORed with plaintext to produce ciphertext. A stream cipher is said to be secure if the keystream that it produces is consistently random. One of the ways by which we can analyze stream ciphers is by testing randomness of the keystream. The statistical tests mainly try to find if any output keystream leaks any information about the secret key or the cipher’s internal state and also check the randomness of the keystream. We have applied these tests to different keystreams generated by ZUC, Espresso and Grain v1 stream ciphers to check for any weaknesses. We have also proposed four new statistical tests to analyze the internal state when the hamming weight of key and IV used is very high or low. Out of these four tests, Grain v1 fails the last test i.e. internal state correlation using high hamming weight IV.

Neutrino Oscillations in the Presence of Matter and Continuous Non-Selective Measurement

We investigate three-flavor neutrino oscillation affected by an environment mimicking a continuous non-selective measurement. We show that such a coupling that is given by a measured observable affects probability of inter-flavor neutrino transition and a steady-state correlation function of the neutrino’s flavor. We juxtapose and compare our predictions influenced by matter’s scattering and CP-violation.

Heat flow in a harmonic chain due to an impulse disturbance

The heat motion in a one-dimensional semi-infinite chain of coupled harmonic oscillators is studied for the Maxwell distribution of initial velocities and zero initial displacements of the chain particles. It is believed that such initial conditions are achieved by an impulse heating of the sample. Exact analytical expressions for the state correlation functions, local temperature, and local heat current of the chain are obtained.

Ground-state correlation energy of beryllium dimer by the Bethe-Salpeter equation

Since the ’30s the interatomic potential of the beryllium dimer Be_22 has been both an experimental and a theoretical challenge. Calculating the ground-state correlation energy of Be_22 along its dissociation path is a difficult problem for theory. We present ab initio many-body perturbation theory calculations of the Be_22 interatomic potential using the GWGW approximation and the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE). The ground-state correlation energy is calculated by the trace formula with checks against the adiabatic-connection fluctuation-dissipation theorem formula. We show that inclusion of GWGW corrections already improves the energy even at the level of the random-phase approximation. At the level of the BSE on top of the GWGW approximation, our calculation is in surprising agreement with the most accurate theories and with experiment. It even reproduces an experimentally observed flattening of the interatomic potential due to a delicate correlations balance from a competition between covalent and van der Waals bonding.