PSIII-16 Use of soybean hulls in diets for drylot beef cows

One-hundred twenty-one Red Angus beef cows were used to evaluate the effects of soybean hull inclusion in beef cow diets throughout gestation and lactation. Cows were stratified by age, body weight (BW), and body condition score (BCS), and were randomly assigned to treatment (n = 4 pens per treatment). Treatments included 1) control diet [CON; consisted of corn silage, modified distillers’ grains plus solubles (MDGS), and wheat straw], and 2) soybean hull diet [SBH; consisted of 26 to 27% soybean hulls (DM basis) replacing portions of corn silage, MDGS, and wheat straw]. Beef cow BW, BCS, average daily gain (ADG), and back fat (BF) measurements were evaluated. Colostrum samples were collected on a subset of randomly selected cows from each pen. Weigh-suckle-weigh technique was used to evaluate milk production. Calf birth weight, weaning weight, and ADG were evaluated. At weaning, calves were ultrasounded for BF, rump fat, and ribeye area. Dam BW, BCS, BF, and ADG were not affected (P ≥ 0.12) by treatment. Colostrum fat, somatic cell count, urea nitrogen, and other solids were not altered (P ≥ 0.13) by treatment; however, colostrum protein was greater (P ≥ 0.09) in CON cows. Milk production at d 60 was greater (P = 0.03) for SBH fed cows. Calf birth and weaning weights were unaffected by treatment (P = 0.30). Ribeye area measurements were greater (P = 0.05) in SBH calves (14.6 vs. 13.7 ± 0.76 cm2), but BF and rump fat were not different (P ≥ 0.58). The present study demonstrates that soybean hulls can be included in beef cow diets at 26 to 27 % of dietary DM. Our data and previous research indicate that soybean hulls can be fed to drylot beef cows during gestation and lactation without negative impacts on cow or calf outcomes.

Evaluation of selected minerals in the blood of crossbred pigs fed toasted soybean hull

The significance of the mineral elements in animal nutrition cannot be over emphasized. The presence of mineral elements in animal feed is vital for adequate the metabolic processes. Sixteen (16) crossbred weaned pigs aged eight weeks weighing between 6-7 kg were used in experiment to investigate the effect of feeding varying dietary levels of toasted soybean hull on macro and micro minerals in blood of weaned pigs. The pigs were randomly allotted to four treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 containing 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% of toasted soybean hull respectively. Water was supplied ad libitum. At the end of feeding trial, two pigs per treatment were selected and blood collected for analysis. Results showed that there were significant (p>0.05) differences in macro minerals. Calcium value ranged from 10.40mg/dL in T1 to11.05mg/dL in T4. Phosphorus ranged from 13.20mg/dL to 17.54mg/dL. Potassium value ranged from 4.65mg/dL to 5.65mg/dL. Magnesium ranged from (3.98mg/dL to 4.80mg/dL). Sodium value ranged from (137.50mg/dL to 143.50mg/dL). Iron, copper and manganese values were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments with the values ranging from 57.50 – 48.00mg/kg, 42.34 – 31.87mg/kg and 10.95 – 8.85mg/kg respectively. For zinc, the value ranged from 1.04mg/kg to 1.30mg/kg. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that toasted soybean hull could be fed to weaned pigs up to 15% inclusion level without any adverse effects on the macro and micro minerals composition of weaned pigs. On ne saurait trop insister sur l'importance des éléments minéraux dans la nutrition animale. La présence d'éléments minéraux dans l'alimentation animale est essentielle pour un traitement métabolique adéquat. Seize (16) porcs sevrés croisés âgés de huit semaines pesant entre 6 et 7 kg ont été utilisés dans l'expérience pour étudier l'effet de l'alimentation de différents niveaux alimentaires de coque de soja grillé sur les macro et micro minéraux dans le sang des porcs sevrés. Les porcs ont été attribués au hasard à quatre traitements T1, T2, T3 et T4 contenant respectivement 0 %, 5 %, 10 % et 15 % de la coque de soja grillée. L'eau a été fournie ad libitum. À la fin de l'essai d'alimentation, deux porcs par traitement ont été sélectionnés et le sang prélevé pour analyse. Les résultats ont montré qu'il y avait des différences significatives (p>0,05) dans les minéraux macro. La valeur de calcium s'est étendue de 10.40mg/dL dans T1 à11.05mg/dL dans T4. Le phosphore tégrait de 13,20 mg/dl à 17,54 mg/dl. La valeur de potassium s'est étendue de 4.65mg/dL à 5.65mg/dL. Le magnésium tégrait de (3,98 mg/dL à 4,80 mg/dL). La valeur en sodium varierait de (137,50 mg/dL à 143,50 mg/dL). Les valeurs de fer, de cuivre et de manganèse ont étésignificativement influencées (p<0,05) par les traitements diététiques dont les valeurs vont de 57,50 – 48,00 mg/kg, 42,34 – 31,87 mg/kg et 10,95 – 8,85 mg/kg respectivement. Pour le zinc, la valeur varierait de 1,04 mg/kg à 1,30 mg/kg. D'après les résultats de cette étude, on peut conclure que la coque de soja grillée pourrait être nourrie à des porcs sevrés jusqu'à un niveau d'inclusion de 15 % sans effets négatifs sur la composition macro et micro-minérale des porcs sevrés.

Evaluation and economics of enzyme supplementation on the performance of broiler finishers fed soybean hull meal based diets

Twenty-eight day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the performance of broiler finisher fed soybean hull based diets supplemented with “Safzyme®”, an exogenous cellulolytic enzyme. Soybean hull also referred to as soyhull, soybean millrun or soybean flakes are by-products of the soybean milling industry. Five broiler finisher diets were formulated such that the diets contained soybean hull meal at 0%, 10% and 20% dietary levels (without enzyme supplementation) and 10%, and 20% dietary levels (with 1.0% enzyme supplementation) respectively. One-hundred and fifty (150) four-week-old Hubbard broiler chicks were divided into five groups of thirty (30) birds each and randomly assigned to five treatment diets in a completely randomized design (CRD). Data were collected on feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and economics of production was also computed. Feed intake increased progressively as dietary inclusion of soybean hull was increased with or without enzyme supplementation. This increase became significant (P<0.05) at 20% dietary level of soybean hull. Daily body weight gains of birds on soybean hull meal diets with enzyme supplementation did not significantly differ (P<0.05) from birds on soybean hull meal diets without enzyme supplementation. Feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency were both significant (P<0.05) at 20% dietary levels of soybean hulls with or without enzyme supplementation. Dietary inclusion of soybean hull without enzyme supplementation reduced cost of feed and production of 1kg of meat while enzyme supplementation negatively affected percent feed cost savings. The results of this trial suggest that supplementation of diets containing soybean hull meal at 20% dietary levels with Safztme®, an exogenous cellulolytic enzyme, at 10% dietary level could not improve the nutritive value of the hulls for broiler finisher birds and also affected negatively percent feed cost saving.

Ruminal kinetics and degradability of energetic feedstuffs used in diets for ruminants

This study aimed to evaluate energetic feedstuffs regarding chemical composition, in situ ruminal degradability of dry matter (DMD), ruminal kinetics and ruminal disappearance rate of dry matter. Seven feedstuffs (treatments) were evaluated: ground corn, ground oat, ground barley, wheat bran, soybean hull, malt root and corn germ, in a completely randomized design of four repetitions each. Two bovines ruminally cannulated were used for incubation, wherein each treatment was subjected to seven periods of exposure to the rumen (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 hours). Among the evaluated feedstuffs, soybean hull had the highest neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content (68.91%) and the lowest DMD at 24 h (64.91%). Ground barley and ground corn contained the lowest content of soluble fraction (SF) (26.34 and 28.7%, respectively), among which ground barley had the highest DMD at 24 h (90.48%) and therefore showed the highest rumen disappearance rate (2.50%.h-1) by combining both parameters, while the ground oat presented the highest SF (47.75%) and the lowest rumen disappearance rate (1.09%.h-1).