scholarly journals Evaluation of selected minerals in the blood of crossbred pigs fed toasted soybean hull

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
A. A. Ogunbode ◽  
T. B. Mustapha ◽  
T. O. Adams ◽  
F. T. Stephen ◽  
W. A. Amusat
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Soybean Hull ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The significance of the mineral elements in animal nutrition cannot be over emphasized. The presence of mineral elements in animal feed is vital for adequate the metabolic processes. Sixteen (16) crossbred weaned pigs aged eight weeks weighing between 6-7 kg were used in experiment to investigate the effect of feeding varying dietary levels of toasted soybean hull on macro and micro minerals in blood of weaned pigs. The pigs were randomly allotted to four treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 containing 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% of toasted soybean hull respectively. Water was supplied ad libitum. At the end of feeding trial, two pigs per treatment were selected and blood collected for analysis. Results showed that there were significant (p>0.05) differences in macro minerals. Calcium value ranged from 10.40mg/dL in T1 to11.05mg/dL in T4. Phosphorus ranged from 13.20mg/dL to 17.54mg/dL. Potassium value ranged from 4.65mg/dL to 5.65mg/dL. Magnesium ranged from (3.98mg/dL to 4.80mg/dL). Sodium value ranged from (137.50mg/dL to 143.50mg/dL). Iron, copper and manganese values were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments with the values ranging from 57.50 – 48.00mg/kg, 42.34 – 31.87mg/kg and 10.95 – 8.85mg/kg respectively. For zinc, the value ranged from 1.04mg/kg to 1.30mg/kg. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that toasted soybean hull could be fed to weaned pigs up to 15% inclusion level without any adverse effects on the macro and micro minerals composition of weaned pigs.     On ne saurait trop insister sur l'importance des éléments minéraux dans la nutrition animale. La présence d'éléments minéraux dans l'alimentation animale est essentielle pour un traitement métabolique adéquat. Seize (16) porcs sevrés croisés âgés de huit semaines pesant entre 6 et 7 kg ont été utilisés dans l'expérience pour étudier l'effet de l'alimentation de différents niveaux alimentaires de coque de soja grillé sur les macro et micro minéraux dans le sang des porcs sevrés. Les porcs ont été attribués au hasard à quatre traitements T1, T2, T3 et T4 contenant respectivement 0 %, 5 %, 10 % et 15 % de la coque de soja grillée. L'eau a été fournie ad libitum. À la fin de l'essai d'alimentation, deux porcs par traitement ont été sélectionnés et le sang prélevé pour analyse. Les résultats ont montré qu'il y avait des différences significatives (p>0,05) dans les minéraux macro. La valeur de calcium s'est étendue de 10.40mg/dL dans T1 à11.05mg/dL dans T4. Le phosphore tégrait de 13,20 mg/dl à 17,54 mg/dl. La valeur de potassium s'est étendue de 4.65mg/dL à 5.65mg/dL. Le magnésium tégrait de (3,98 mg/dL à 4,80 mg/dL). La valeur en sodium varierait de (137,50 mg/dL à 143,50 mg/dL). Les valeurs de fer, de cuivre et de manganèse ont étésignificativement influencées (p<0,05) par les traitements diététiques dont les valeurs vont de 57,50 – 48,00 mg/kg, 42,34 – 31,87 mg/kg et 10,95 – 8,85 mg/kg respectivement. Pour le zinc, la valeur varierait de 1,04 mg/kg à 1,30 mg/kg. D'après les résultats de cette étude, on peut conclure que la coque de soja grillée pourrait être nourrie à des porcs sevrés jusqu'à un niveau d'inclusion de 15 % sans effets négatifs sur la composition macro et micro-minérale des porcs sevrés.

scholarly journals Effect of feeding different commercial chick vitamin-mineral premixes at varying inclusion level on performance of pullets chicks

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
G. S. Bawa ◽  
O. A. Adeyemi ◽  
P. Karsin ◽  
D. Shamaki
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

A 56-day feeding trial using 1836 day-old dominant brown strain pullet chicks was conducted to assess the effect of feeding different commercial chick vitamin-mineral premixes type at varying levels of dietary inclusion on growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical indices. The birds were divided into 12 groups of 153 birds each and each group was assigned to one of the experimental diets in a3x4factorial arrangement. Each treatment group was further subdivided into 3 replicates of 51 birds each. The birds were fed twelve iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets containing three commercial vitamin-mineral premixes types designated as XVM, YVM and ZVM, respectively. Each vitamin type was included at 0.15, 0.25, 0.35 and 0.45%, respectively Feed and water were provided ad libitum. A wide variation in the micronutrients and antioxidants levels exists among the premix type. Feed intake was not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. However, final weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and cost per gain were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the premix type and their levels of dietary inclusion. Except for total protein and Haemoglobin, the results showed no significant differences (P>0.05) on the values of all the blood parameters measured. The study suggest the need to be careful in choosing premixes type for chick rearing as some of them may be deficient in some essential vitamins and minerals. It was concluded that the use of YVM premix type at 2.5 kg per tonne (0.25% inclusion level) was cheaper and more efficient in supporting the growth performance of pullet chicks.

scholarly journals Effects of Fumonisin-Contaminated Corn on Growth Performance of 9 to 28 kg Nursery Pigs

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Zhong-Xing Rao ◽  
Mike D. Tokach ◽  
Jason C. Woodworth ◽  
Joel M. DeRouchey ◽  
Robert D. Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Fumonisin contamination in corn is an emerging issue in animal feed production. Fumonisin disrupts the metabolism of sphingolipids and reduces growth performance. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding fumonisin-contaminated corn on growth performance and sphinganine (SA) to sphingosine (SO) ratios of 9 to 28 kg pigs. A total of 350 pigs, were used with 5 pigs/pen and 14 pens/treatment. Dietary treatments contained fumonisin-contaminated corn (50 mg/kg of fumonisin B1 + B2) blended with low fumonisin corn (10 mg/kg of fumonisin B1 + B2) to provide dietary fumonisin concentrations of 7.2, 14.7, 21.9, 32.7, and 35.1 mg/kg. From day 0 to 28, increasing fumonisin concentration decreased (linear, p < 0.001) average daily gain, average daily feed intake (linear, p = 0.055), and gain:feed ratio (linear, p = 0.016). Although these response criteria tested linear, the greatest reduction in performance was in pigs fed with 32.7 and 35.1 mg/kg of fumonisin (B1 + B2). Increasing fumonisin concentration increased the serum SA:SO ratio (linear, p < 0.001) on day 14 and 28. In summary, for 9 to 28 kg nursery pigs, increasing fumonisin linearly decreased average daily gain and gain:feed ratio. However, despite the linear response, diets containing up to 21.9 mg/kg of fumonisin did not have as dramatic a decrease in growth performance as those fed more than 32.7 mg/kg. Further research is warranted to determine the effect of fumonisin concentrations between 21.9 and 32.7 mg/kg.

Haematological and serum biochemical indices of growing rabbits fed graded levels of Yam peel meal as replacement for maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
I. B. Amaza ◽  
A. Maidala ◽  
C. E. Isidahomen
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Haematological and serum biochemical parameters are indicators of physiological, nutritional and pathological status of animals. Investigation of these parameters provide information for diagnostic purposes. The study was conducted to determine the influence of feeding graded levels of yam peel meal (YPM) as a replacement for maize on haematology; blood chemistry was evaluated in rabbits. Thirty- six (New Zealand white X Chinchilla) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with nine rabbits per treatment. The rabbits were fed diets containing 0, 12.5, 25 and 37.5% of Yam peel meal (YPM) as a replacement for maize, designated as T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The experimental diets and clean drinking water were supplied ad libitum throughout the experimental period of nine weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, three rabbits per treatment were randomly selected for hematological and serum biochemical analysis. All the haematological and serum biochemical indices except AST were affected (P<0.05) by dietary inclusion of YPM. Although most of the parameters investigated were affected by rabbits fed test ingredient, the values fell within the normal literature reference values for rabbits. It can therefore be concluded that up to 37.5% inclusion level of YPM can be fed to growing rabbits without deleterious effects on health status.

Growth performance of weaner rabbits on diets containing varying levels of dried okra leaves (Abelmoschus esculentus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
A. A. Imade ◽  
C. F. I. Onwuka ◽  
V. A. Jegede ◽  
O. Y. Ayo-Ajasa ◽  
B. B. Sarumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Alternative Feed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The need to seek for alternative feed materials with nutritional and medicinal values to support livestock growth necessitated this study. Forty-five unsexed rabbits crosses (Chinchilla × Newzealand white) 5- 6 weeks old with average weight of 720g were used in a 10- week feeding trial to evaluate the performance of growing rabbits fed on varying levels of dried okra leaves. The rabbits were assigned into five treatment groups containing dried okra leaves (DOL) at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% inclusion levels for dietary treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) respectively. Each treatment consisted of 9 rabbits and replicated thrice with each replicate consisting of 3 rabbits in a completely randomized design. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results indicated that daily feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) largest in rabbits fed 5.00% inclusion level of dried okra leaves (84.57g) and least in rabbits fed 0.00% level of inclusion of dried okra leaves (72.12g). Feed efficiency (FE) was poorest (P<0.05) in rabbits fed 10.00% DOL (0.15%) and best (0.20%) in rabbits fed 2.50% dried okra leaves. It was concluded that okra leaves can be included in diets for growing rabbits and 2.50% level of dried okra leaves inclusion is recommended for adoption by farmers to maximize profit.

scholarly journals Effect of feeding different oils on plasma corticosterone in broiler chickens

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Pál ◽  
Margit Kulcsár ◽  
Judit Poór ◽  
László Wágner ◽  
Szabolcs Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Grower Diet ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

A study was conducted to examine the effects of different oils on the plasma corticosterone concentrations of broiler chickens fed ad libitum or deprived of feed for 24 hours. A total of 36 Ross broilers were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments at 10 days of age and fed a grower diet supplemented with 60 g/kg soybean oil (rich in linoleic acid, C18:2n–6), linseed oil (rich in a-linolenic acid, C18:3n–3) or fish oil (rich in C14:0, C16:0, C16:1n–7, C20:1n–9; eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, EPA, C20:5n–3 and DHA, C22:6n–3), respectively, for 18 days. Dietary supplementation of fish oil resulted in lower (P < 0.05) baseline plasma corticosterone levels of chickens fed ad libitum for 18 days compared to soybean and linseed oil supplementations. Feed deprivation for 24 h induced a significant (P < 0.05) increase in corticosterone concentration in every treatment group compared to the ad libitum-fed birds. The hormone levels of feed-deprived birds did not differ significantly among groups fed diets supplemented with different oils.

scholarly journals Nutritional evaluation of forage as feed resources on the haematological parameters of pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. O. Uzegbu ◽  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
E. K. Ndelekwute ◽  
E. C. Ukonu
Keyword(s):  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration

A feeding trial was conducted with a total of 30 pigs to evaluate the potential of fresh Pannicum maximum forage on pigs. The trial lasted for 63 days. Five diets were formulated which contained 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% levels of the fresh grass forage. Each diet formed a treatment which was offered to the pigs. Each treatment was replicate, arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The pigs were feed 4% of their body weight and water was offered ad-libitum. The blood composition of pig in terms of packed cell volume, haemoglobin, white blood cell, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration significantly (P<0.05) improved even with the inclusion of fresh grass forage of 20%, while mean corpuscular volume did not significantly (P>0.05) differ from the control which contained 0% forage. It is therefore concluded that fresh Pannicum maximum forage could be used in pig ration at 25% inclusion level without any effect on the animal.

Effect of cooking wheat and maize on the performance of newly weaned pigs 2. Level of dairy products and sequence of feeding

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G. Lawlor ◽  
P.B. Lynch ◽  
P.J. Caffrey ◽  
J.V. O’Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the effect of feeding steam flaked wheat and maize in diets with high and low levels of dairy products and to examine the effect of sequence of feeding the processed cereals in diets for newly weaned pigs. In experiment 1, 96 pigs were weaned at 27 days of age, blocked on sex and weight and assigned as individually penned pigs to four dietary treatments as follows: (a) high dairy product diet (6 kg of starter diet containing 230 g/kg milk powder followed by a link diet containing 125 g/kg milk powder to 26 days) with uncooked cereal (HDP), (b) high dairy product diet with steam flaked cereal (HDPC), (c) low dairy product diet (6 kg of starter diet containing 125 g/kg milk powder followed by a link diet containing no milk powder to 26 days) with uncooked cereal (LDP) and (d) low dairy product diet with steam flaked cereal (LDPC). In experiment 2, 96 pigs were weaned at 19 to 24 days of age, blocked on sex and weight and assigned as individually penned pigs to four dietary treatments containing: (a) uncooked cereal for 26 days, (b) uncooked cereal for 14 days followed by cooked cereal to 26 days post weaning, (c) cooked cereal for 26 days and (d) cooked cereal for 14 days followed by uncooked cereal to 26 days post weaning. Steaming and flaking of wheat and maize did not significantly affect pig performance during the experimental period or at any subsequent period up to slaughter. Daily gain from day 0 to 26 post weaning was 415 and 453 g/day (s.e.13•5; P < 0•05) for low and high dairy product diets, respectively. Food conversion efficiency (FCE) from day 0 to 14 post weaning on the low and high dairy product diets was 1•86 and 1•33 g/g (s.e. 0•14; P < 0•05), respectively. Pigs given the high dairy product diets during the experimental post-weaning period reached final carcass weight 5 days earlier than pigs given the low dairy product post-weaning diets (P < 0•05). In experiment 2, treatment did not affect food intake (mean = 450 s.e. 13•2 g; P > 0•05), daily gain (mean = 382 s.e. 12•5 g; P > 0•05) or FCE (mean = 1•19 s.e. 0•02 g/g; P > 0•05). In conclusion, feeding steamed flaked wheat and maize in post-weaning diets failed to improve pig performance irrespective of dairy product or sequence of feeding cooked cereals.

Production of Iron-fortified eggs for changing consumer needs

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Sujatha T. ◽  
Jai Sunder ◽  
A. Kundu ◽  
M. S. Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Iron Content ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Dietary Iron ◽  
Iron Fortification ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

An experiment was carried out in Nicobari fowl to investigate the efficiency of dietary iron supplementation on iron fortification in eggs. Birds were as-signed to each of four dietary treatments in a completely randomized de-sign: T1: Control (commercial layer feed); iron was supplemented in the form of iron- soy proteinate (Fe-SP) chelate @ 200 ppm (T2), 400 ppm (T3) and 600 ppm (T4). Birds were fed ad-libitum as per nutritional specification of BIS (2007). 60 d feeding trial showed that 200 ppm enhanced iron content in egg yolk to 64 μg/g yolk at 15th day of feeding as compared to control (50 μg/g yolk) and improved hatchability (24%). Further fortification beyond 200 ppm (400 & 600 ppm) was not effective. Egg iron content was maximized at 15 days after feeding supplemental Fe. It was concluded that iron enriched egg could be produced on commercial basis to meet the consumers changing need.

EFFECT OF FEEDING VOMITOXIN-CONTAMINATED WHEAT TO PIGS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1211-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. FRIEND ◽  
H. L. TRENHOLM ◽  
J. I. ELLIOT ◽  
K. E. HARTIN ◽  
B. K. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Postmortem Examinations ◽  
Grower Diet ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Two groups each of three gilts (39 ± 4 kg) were given ad libitum a diet containing 70% vomitoxin-contaminated (1 ppm) wheat (V) and two other groups (controls) the same diet with 70% clean wheat (C). Similarly, for 18 gilts (75 ± 4 kg), two groups were given diet C, two diet V and two groups diet CV containing 35% contaminated and 35% clean wheat. Pigs fed diet V lost weight during the first few days and their weight was less than that of the C pigs; the effect was less pronounced for the CV pigs. Intakes of diets V and CV declined initially then improved; variation in response indicated individual differences in tolerance level during the 21-day experiments. Fifty-six pigs (43 ± 6 kg) were allocated to seven diets and by two sexes in four replicates. Dietary treatments were 0, 14, 28, 42, 56 and 100% vomitoxin-contaminated (1 ppm) wheat in a grower diet with a corn-based diet acting as positive control. There was a linear decrease (P < 0.01) in feed intake with increasing vomitoxin level; weight gains differed significantly in the first week but the differences were not maintained over the 7-wk experimental period. A similar experiment with 56 younger (21 ± 2 kg) pigs for a 4-wk feeding period gave differences in feed intake and weight gain which were not significant; although, differences in gain reached significance (P < 0.05) when positive control data were excluded. Postmortem examinations were undertaken for pigs in all but the first experiment; some discoloration of the stomach and large intestine suggested differences among diets, but none was significant. Key words; Vomitoxin, wheat, pigs, feeding

scholarly journals Response of albino rats fed varying levels of enzyme supplemented tigernut meal based diets.

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
S. O. Omoikhoje ◽  
A. M. Bamgbose ◽  
A. S. Muhammad ◽  
A. Saulawa ◽  
D. O. Obasoyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Chemistry ◽  
Enzyme Extract ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A 21-day feeding trial to assess the effect of replacing 0,10,20,30 and 40% maize with enzyme supplemented tigernut meal on the performance, nutrient digestibility, haematological traits, serum chemistry and carcass yield of one hundred and eight albino rats of the wistar strain was conducted in a complete randomised design. Nine experimental diets (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9) were formulated in all. Diet 1 contained 40% maize + 0% tigernut meal without enzyme supplementation. Diets 2,3,4.5 and 6,7,8,9 were constituted by replacing maize at 10.20,30 and 40% levels with tigernut meal supplemented with 0.05% roxzyineG® and enzyme extract respectively. The results revealed that of all the parameters considered, only the gut characteristics were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. Diets 5 and 9 (40% enzyme supplemented tigernut ineal) proved to be the best by having the best performance and nutrient digestibility coefficients. It was then concluded that 40% inclusion level of enzyme supplemented tigernut meal as a replacement for maize proved to be better in rats than dicts that contained 0, 10, 20 and 30% levels of enzyme supplemented tigernul meal based diets. 

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