Improving hemoglobin estimation accuracy through standardizing of light-emitting diode power

Nowadays, hemoglobin monitoring is essential during surgeries, blood donations, and dialysis. Which are normally done using invasive methods. To monitor hemoglobin, a non-invasive hemoglobin meter was developed with five fixed light-emitting diode (LED) wavelengths at 670 nm, 770 nm, 810 nm, 850 nm, 950 nm and controlled using an Arduino Uno embedded development board. A photodetector with an on-chip trans-impedance amplifier was utilized to acquire the transmitted signal through the finger using the photoplethysmography (PPG) principle. Before the standardization of LED power, we had tested the designed system on fifteen subjects for the five wavelengths and estimated the hemoglobin with an accuracy of 96.51% and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.57 gm/dL. To further improve the accuracy, the LED power was standardized and the PPG signal was reacquired on the same subjects. With this, the accuracy improved to 98.29% and also reduced the RMSE to 0.36 gm/dL. The designed system with LED power standardization showed a good agreement with pathology results with the coefficient of determination R²=0.981. Also, Bland–Altman analysis was used to evaluate the designed system and it showed good agreement between the two measurements.

Study on Go Programming Language

When developing software today, we still use old tools and ideas. Maybe it is time to start from scratch and try tools and languages that are more in line with how we actually want to develop software. The Go Programming Language was created at Google by a rather famous trio: Rob Pike, Ken Thompson and Robert Griesemer. Before introducing Go, the company suffered from their development process not scaling well due to slow builds, uncontrolled dependencies, hard to read code, poor documentation and so on. Go is set out to provide a solution for these issues. The purpose of this master’s thesis was to review the current state of the language. This is not only a study of the language itself but an investigation of the whole software development process using Go. The study was carried out from an embedded development perspective which includes an investigation of compilers and cross-compilation. We found that Go is exciting, fun to use and fulfills what is promised in many cases. However, we think the tools need some more time to mature.

System for Remote Collaborative Embedded Development

This paper explores the challenges and devised solutions for embedded development which arose during the COVID-19 pandemic. While software development, nowadays with modern tools and services such as git, virtual machines and commu-nication suits, is relatively una˙ected by resource location. That is not the case for firmware and embedded systems, which relies on physical hard-ware for design, development, and testing. To overcome the limitations of remote work and ob-structed access to actual hardware, two ideas were implemented and tested. First, based on inte-grated circuit emulation using QEMU to emulate an ARM core and custom software to facilitate communication with the embedded system. Sec-ond, remote programming and debugging over the internet with a dedicated computer system acting as a middle man between a development environ-ment and physical hardware using OpenOCD de-bugger.

Internet of Things (IoT) Based Smart Plant Monitoring System

In this work, we have a tendency to gift a plantation observance system supported web of Things. The system combines wireless detector network, embedded development, GPRS communication technology, net service, and automaton mobile platform. The hardware style of detector nodes, data acquisition, knowledge transmission, beside knowledge image and abnormal alarm ar mentioned well. Long-term experiment of the system shows that the theme is possible and reliable.

Real-Time Performance and Response Latency Measurements of Linux Kernels on Single-Board Computers

This research performs real-time measurements of Linux kernels with real-time support provided by the PREEMPT_RT patch on embedded development devices such as BeagleBoard and Raspberry Pi. The experimental measurements of the Linux real-time performance on these devices are based on real-time software modules developed specifically for the purposes of this research. Taking in consideration the constraints of the specific hardware platforms under investigation, new measurements software was developed. The measurement algorithms are designed upon response and periodic task models. Measurements investigate latencies of real-time applications at user and kernel space. An outcome of this research is that the proposed performance measurements approach and evaluation methodology could be applied and deployed on other Linux-based boards and platforms. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the PREEMPT_RT patch overall improves the Linux kernel real-time performance compared to the standard one. The reduced worst-case latencies on such devices running Linux with real-time support could make them potentially more suitable for real-time applications as long as a latency value of about 160 μs, as an upper bound, is an acceptable safety margin.

Numerical Simulation of Mutually Embedded Settlement in Miscellaneous Fill

Embedding soft soil particles with high moisture content into miscellaneous fill with large pores under overlying loads is easy. It produces mutually embedded settlement, which is an important component of total foundation settlement during calculation. In this study, influences of interface friction on mutually embedded settlement, particle displacement, pore and contact characteristics, and mutually embedded development laws were analysed by using the particle flow method. Research results demonstrate that mutually embedded settlement decreases first and then stabilizes with the increase in contact friction factor and continuously attenuates with normal stiffness. Under the loads, particles at the contact surface move downward and squeeze surrounding particles laterally, thus causing particles to slide at the miscellaneous fill channel upward. Consequently, porosity of particles in miscellaneous fill channel increases. The force chain at the contact surface inclines around, while that at the miscellaneous fill channel presents approximately horizontal distribution. Compared with 35 and 45 mm particles, the mutually embedded settlement of 15 and 25 mm particles is slightly increased with loads. Particle size can relieve the influences of loads on mutual embedding. When particle size is larger than 25 mm, loads can significantly influence mutual embedding. Research conclusions can provide a reasonable theoretical foundation for calculating or predicting settlement of miscellaneous fill-soft soil composite foundation.