The role of high-resolution ultrasonic examination in the analysis of the structure and causes of complications after cosmetological thread implantation into the face and neck soft tissues

Objective The goal is to optimize the diagnosis of complications after thread implantation using high-resolution ultrasound (US).Material and Methods The study design included the formation of twelve sample comparison groups. Inclusion criteria for the group: women without evident somatic pathology after cosmetic implantation in various periods after the procedure. The difference between the groups was in the chemical composition of the material (L-lactic acid, polydiaxanone, copolymer of L-actide with ԑ-caprolactone, polypropylene, polyester fiber in a silicone sheath, metal), complaints (the presence of amyctic, the presence of overcorrection, the absence of complaints), the period of time after implantation (up to 6 months, from 6 to 12 months, more than a year). Then ultrasound was performed, 33 qualitative and 7 quantitative indicators were analyzed. The study involved 93 women aged 29 to 65 years after the thread implantation. The circulation period varied from 3 days to 20 years.Results An analysis of the relationship between quantitative and qualitative features revealed statistically significant connections between the presence of an acoustic shadow and threads of polylactic acid and polypropylene, the presence of reverberation, and the metal – gold (p < 0.0001). Relationships were established between polyester fibers in a silicone sheath with complaints of inflammation, the presence of edema during examination, perifocal edema around the thread during ultrasound (p < 0.0001). The difference was also found between the diameter of the thread in the group of patients examined up to 6 months and the group in the period 6–12 months after implantation (p < 0.0001), as well as the group up to 6 months and more than a year (p = 0.0033).Conclusion The presence of an acoustic shadow, a thread diameter of more than 1 mm are ultrasound signs of fibrotic changes around the thread. The characteristic echographic signs of inflammation around the thread will be a zone of reduced echoicity, corresponding to perifocal edema. Hypercorrection is a consequence of fibrotic changes development around the thread.

Perbedaan Sonopattern Ultrasonografi Kandung Empedu pada Kasus Cholelithiasis & Galbladder Polyp

On ultrasound examination of the gallbladder Cholelithiasis and Gallbladder Polyp usually have similar results but have their own characteristics that can differentiate. In the image results Cholelithiasis, which is usually called gallstones, has a characteristic Sonopattern Hyperechoic with an Acousstic Shadow behind it, where when using the technique the patient's position changes the stone according to the direction of Earth's gravity. While the results of the Gallbladder Polyp image, which is a tumor protrusion attached to the gallbladder wall, has the characteristic Sonopattern Hyperecoic without an acoustic shadow behind it, where when using the technique the patient's position changes not according to the direction of Earth's gravity. In both cases, the presence or absence of an acoustic shadow behind it is based on the density of the tissue that the sound waves pass through from the ultrasound device, so that when passing through the stone, the acoustic shadow is more visible than when passing through the tumor tissue.. Keywords: sonopattern ultrasound; cholelithiasis; gallbladder polyp ABSTRAK Pada pemeriksaan USG kandung empedu Cholelithiasis dan Gallbladder Polyp biasanya memiliki hasil gambaran yang serupa tetapi memiliki ciri khasnya masing-masing yang dapat membedakan. Pada hasil gambaran Cholelithiasis yang biasa disebut batu empedu memiliki ciri khas Sonopattern Hyperechoic dengan Acousstic Shadow di belakangnya, ketika menggunakan teknik dengan posisi pasien yang berubah batu mengikuti arah gravitasi bumi. Sementara pada hasil gambaran Gallbladder Polyp yang merupakan tonjolan tumor yang menempel pada dinding kandung empedu memiliki ciri khas Sonopattern Hyperecoic tanpa Accoustic Shadow dibelakangnya, dimana ketika menggunakan teknik dengan posisi pasien yang berubah tidak mengikuti arah gravitasi bumi. Pada kedua kasus ini ada tidaknya Accoustic Shadow di belakangnya didasari oleh kepadatan jaringan yang dilalui oleh gelombang suara dari alat USG, sehingga saat melewati batu lebih tampak Accoustic Shadow dibandingkan saat melewati jaringan tumor. Kata kunci: sonopattern ultrasound; cholelithiasis; gallbladder polyp

Infrasound transmission in the "shadow zone" observed on balloons in the lower stratosphere

&lt;p&gt;The temperature and wind structure of the lower atmosphere creates an &quot;acoustic shadow&quot;, where acoustic propagation is not expected to occur from a ground based source. This region begins several tens of kilometers from the source and typically ends between one hundred and two hundred kilometers range in the downwind direction of the stratospheric jet. Ground microbarometers still occasionally record acoustic arrivals in this zone due to tropospheric waveguides and/or scattering off of stratospheric structure not accounted for in atmospheric models. However, the properties of these signals in the lower stratosphere (above the tropospheric duct) is unknown, because they have never been previously observed on sensors at these altitudes. Here we present a set of acoustic arrivals from ground explosions recorded on balloons in the lower stratosphere during the mini-BOOSTER campaign in Sweden. Although some of the balloons were in the shadow zone, they still recorded a variety of waveforms from each event. Dual payloads on tethers show that the acoustic waves came from below in these instances. We discuss the provenance of these signals and implications for acoustic transmission in regions where geometric ray theory predicts their absence.&lt;/p&gt;

Simultaneous Occurrence of Ovarian Teratoma and Endometrial Cystic Hyperplasia with Pyometra in a Labrador Retriever Bitch

Background: Ovarian teratoma is a rare tumor that occurs in dogs. Its origin comes from embryonic cells of the notochord and it is a unipotent tumor. Pyometra is the accumulation of purulent content in the uterine lumen. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia is one of the factors predisposing a dog to the development of pyometra. The safest and most efficient treatment for pyometra is ovariohysterectomy. The purpose of this report was to describe a case of ovarian teratoma and cystic endometrial hyperplasia with concomitant pyometra in a Labrador Retriever Bitch.Case: A 10-year-old bitch Labrador Retriever, weighing 42 kg, was evaluated at Animal Care Barueri Veterinary Clinic, in Barueri, São Paulo. The patient was referred from another veterinary service to our clinic for an ovariohysterectomy and removal of an intestinal foreign body as previous ultrasonography (US) had indicated the presence of pyometra and a foreign body in the descending colon (she had ingested cloth according to the owner’s report). Laboratory tests, complete blood count, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, and creatinine levels did not show any significant changes. Upon examination, the clinical signs were mucopurulent vaginal discharge, 5% dehydration, rectal temperature 39.1°C, mild abdominal pain on palpation, normophagy, normodipsia, and normal defecation and urinatination. Laboratory tests a new US were requested on which the uterus was observed with the presence of luminal anechoic content and increased uterine diameter (uterine horns 3.97 cm), an acoustic intestinal shadow supposedly from a foreign body,and on the leukogram, leukocytosis (23,600/mm3) due to neutrophilia with a right shift (20,532/mm3) was observed. Therapeutic ovariohysterectomy and exploratory celiotomy were chosen as therapeutic options. Celiotomy with caudoumbilical mid ventral access was performed. When the left uterine horn was identified, an attempt was made to pull it in order to expose the left ovary, but this maneuver was not successful. For this reason, the abdominal incision was enlarged cranially. At that point, a huge mass was observed in the ovary (which was supposedly the acoustic shadow of the foreign body in the descending colon/left ovary). The intestines appeared normal. Macroscopically, the mass had an irregular surface, round shape, firm consistency, and was 15 cm long x 10 cm wide. Once removed, the mass was incised in the transversal direction, purulent content, hair, and mineralized areas inside it were observed. Histopathological examination showed neoplastic proliferation, consisting of cells with elongated epithelioid shape that were arranged in long irregular bundles among well-differentiated adipose tissue. An exuberant eosinophilic matrix with extensive cystic areas filled with lamellar keratin and hairy stems covered by squamous epithelium was also observed. Extensive areas exhibiting nervous tissue. The morphological picture was compatible with teratoma.Discussion: The present report describes the concomitant presence of ovarian teratoma and pyometra in a dog. The diagnosis of pyometra requires complementary tests (laboratory and imaging). The intestinal acoustic shadow observed on the two US images obtained by two different professionals was suggestive of intestinal foreign body but was also a wrong diagnosis, which was confirmed after an exploratory celiotomy when the mass in the left ovary was identified. On the histopathological examination of this presente case, epithelial, nervous, and cartilaginous tissues were observed. This differentiation of tissues corroborated the teratoma diagnosis. Thus, the importance of an accurate diagnosis contributes to the resolution of a surgical conditions that may have had a poor prognosis when the procedure took a longer time to perform. Keywords: ovarian neoplasia, ultrasonography, OSH, pyometra.Descritores: neoplasia ovariana, ultrassonografia, OSH, piometra.Título: Ocorrência simultânea de teratoma ovariano e hiperplasia endometrial cística com piometra em cadela Labrador Retriever

TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATING THE EFFICIENCY OF NOISE PROTECTIVE ACOUSTIC SCREENS IN THE PRESENCE OF FLAT ANTI-DIFFRACTORS

To increase the efficiency of acoustic screens when protecting against acoustic noise, anti-diffractors are used to reduce the diffraction level on the upper edge of the screen. The aim of the work is to refine the mathematical model used to assess noise protection efficiency with the help of an acoustic screen with an installed one-sided flat-type anti-diffractor. The well-known techniques based on the principle of the amplitude dependence of the sound wave intensity from two sources are analyzed: a point-type noise source and a secondary cylindrical wave source - the screen edge, on which the sound wave is diffracted. Taking into account that the change in the distance between the anti-diffractor and the working point in the acoustic shadow zone is associated with a change in the diffraction angle, it is proposed to evaluate the acoustic screen effectiveness by comparing the initial sound wave propagation paths. An approach to a mathematical calculation model formation is proposed, in which the diffraction point located at the intersection of two components of the wave path to the operating point is considered to be the location of the sound wave secondary source in the area of the screen upper edge: from the noise source to the flat-type anti-diffractor installed on the upper edge of the screen, and from the anti-diffractor rear edge to the operating point. Relationships that make it possible to solve the problem of analytical assessment of noise-protective acoustic screens' effectiveness when installing anti-diffractors on their upper face in the form of flat hinged panels oriented towards the acoustic shadow are obtained.

HYPERBOLIC NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR PROVISION OF THE GROUP OPERATION OF MARINE ROBOTIC COMPLEXES

Навигационное обеспечение групповых операций морских робототехнических комплексов (МРК) предполагает одновременное (в рамках одного цикла работы навигационной системы) уточнение местоположения всех объектов МРК. Широко распространенная гидроакустическая навигационная система с длинной базой (ГАНС ДБ) не позволяет решить задачу, поскольку предполагает поочередную работу с объектами МРК. В работе рассмотрена задача обеспечения навигации объектов МРК при помощи разностно-дальномерной навигационной системы (РД НС). Исследованы два навигационных алгоритма, реализующих переборный и аналитический методы решения разностно-дальномерной задачи. Предложен метод применения РД НС с адаптивной конфигурацией для навигации объектов МРК в зоне акустической тени. Выполнены эксперименты, включающие компьютерное моделирование описанных алгоритмов и работу РД НС в натурных морских условиях, которые подтвердили работоспособность и необходимую точность разрабатываемой РД НС. Navigation guidance support of group operations of marine robotic complexes (MRC) assumes simultaneous (in the frames of one navigation cycle) positioning of all the objects of MRC. Widely used long-baseline underwater acoustic navigation system (LBL UANS) is not able to solve this problem, as it works with objects of the MRC sequentially. This paper investigates the problem of navigation guidance support of the MRC objects using a hyperbolic navigation system (HB NS). Two navigation algorithms that implement direct-search and analytical methods for solving difference-angefinding tasks are studied. The method of implementing HB NS with adaptive configuration was proposed for navigating the MRC objects in the acoustic shadow zone. The designed HB NS has undergone several experiments, including computer modeling of described algorithms and full-scale sea trials of the entire system operation, and thus proved its working capacity and the required accuracy.