Circulating CTRP7 Is a Potential Predictor for Metabolic Syndrome

BackgroundPrevious animal studies have revealed that CTRP7 is related to energy metabolism. However, little is known regarding the relationship between CTRP7 and metabolic diseases in humans. Hence, this study was designed to explore the association between CTRP7 and MetS through a cross-sectional study and multiple intervention studies.MethodsA total of 624 individuals were enrolled in this study. The levels of CTRP7 and APN were determined by ELISA kit. HEC, OGTT and lipid infusion were performed in heathy individuals to investigate the association of CTRP7 and glucose, insulin and FFA. Bioinformatics analysis was then undertaken to identify genes and signaling pathways associated with CTRP7. The relationship between CTRP7 with MetS components was also evaluated.ResultsIn MetS patients, serum CTRP7 concentrations were significantly higher than in healthy controls, and was positively correlated with WC, BP, FBG, 2h-BG and TG, but negatively correlated with HDL-C and APN. Multivariate logistic regression analysis uncovered that CTRP7 was strongly correlated with the occurrence of MetS. In addition, circulating levels of CTRP7 in patients with two or more MetS components were higher than those with one MetS component. In the intervention studies, OGTTs resulted in a significant reduction in serum CTRP7 concentration. However, the increase in insulin levels caused by EHC and the increase of FFA caused by lipid-infusion led to the significant increase of serum CTRP7 concentration. Meanwhile, bioinformatics analysis revealed that CTRP7 was strongly associated with metabolism-related genes and signal pathways, which further illustrate the association of CTRP7 with whole-body metabolism.ConclusionsSerum CTRP7 is increased in MetS patients, which may be a biomarker related to metabolic diseases.Clinical Trial Registration NumberChiCTR2000032878

SAFETY AND QUALITY OF INTRAVENOUS LIPIDS FOR NEWBORNS: CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

. Premature birth leads to the developmentof "metabolic shock" in a newborn, the severity of whichis inversely opposite to the weight and gestational age.Infants lose the ability to receive nutrients naturally,transplacentally, and the ability to metabolize mother'smilk is limited due to immaturity. The growth up standardof a prematurely born child is intrauterine growth of thefetal brain and body, which requires not only a sufficientamount of essential nutrients, but also their qualitativecomposition. Nutritional support of premature newborns isa difficult task, especially if infants have perinatal diseasesor require mechanical ventilation, which makes theircatabolic state even worse. Stress limits the child's continuedphysical growth during the first few weeks after birth, andis associated with chronic morbidity and neurologicaldisability in the future. One, and sometimes the only way ofsupplying the main nutrients, is parenteral nutrition, highquality performance of which makes it possible to satisfymost of the nutritional needs of premature babies. In recentyears, high-quality parenteral nutrition protocols have beendeveloped, the adherence to which allows to achieve thegoal. They involve a rather aggressive approach to aminoacid and lipid infusion, but there is still concern about theuse of early parenteral nutrition. Especially restrictionsrelate to intravenous lipids, which are based on severaldogmas, indicating that lipid infusion can be associatedwith the damage of the lungs and liver tissues, as wellas the development of sepsis and thrombosis. There areseveral recent reviews that partially refute these dogmas.In our publication we would like to provide a short basicdata on the safety of lipid emulsions used in newborns, andalso to provide data on the positive effect of lipids on somebiochemical processes and conditions, with an emphasison their features, depending on the composition of the fatemulsion. The literature review can be used to view clinicalpractice, to search for optimal strategies of lipid emulsionsusage, taking into account their chemical components,which will improve the quality of nursing prematureinfants. The purpose of this work is to analyze scientificliterature sources to study and systematize data on modernaspects of the use of lipid emulsions in newborns.

Follistatin-like 1 as a Novel Adipomyokine Related to Insulin Resistance and Physical Activity

Background and Aims Follistatin-like protein-1 (FSTL-1) is considered to be an adipokine or myokine that could be a potential regulator of metabolism. Our purpose is to investigate the relationship between circulating FSTL-1 levels and insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to identify the regulatory factors. Methods FSTL-1 expression in C57BL/6J and db/db mice was examined by quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blots. Serum FSTL-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 298 T2DM patients and 202 healthy controls. Changes in the circulating FSTL-1 level were observed during the oral glucose tolerance test, EHC (euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp), lipid infusion, acute exercise, and cold-exposure test. Results We found that FSTL-1 protein expression in the adipose tissue of db/db mice was significantly higher than that of wild-type mice. Importantly, circulating FSTL-1 levels in T2DM and overweight/obese participants were higher than those in healthy and lean individuals, and was related to HOMA-IR, adiponectin, and obesity- and metabolism-related parameters. In the intervention study, 45 minutes of physical activity was found to significantly increase the circulating FSTL-1 concentration in young, healthy participants. Further, FSTL-1 protein expression in adipose tissue rose dramatically in response to physical activity in mice. Hyperinsulinemia during EHC and acute elevated FFA induced by lipid infusion resulted in a significant decrease in the circulating FSTL-1 levels. However, no change was found in the circulating FSTL-1 levels in response to the oral glucose challenge or cold-exposure test. Conclusions FSTL-1 may be an adipomyokine associated with insulin resistance and physical activity, and circulating FSTL-1 levels are increased in patients with T2DM.

The effect of early versus late lipid infusion in parenteral nutrition on the biochemical and cortical auditory evoked potential parameters in preterm neonates

Background As brain activity depends greatly on the functions provided by lipid membranes, dietary fat in early life can affect the developing nervous system. Despite the adoption of an early more aggressive parenteral nutrition approach with amino acid infusions still reluctance to the early use of intravenous lipids in neonates. Aim To compare the effect of delayed versus early introduction of intravenous lipid in preterm on the biochemical parameters and on brain development by the cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) latency and amplitude. Methods This is a comparative study included 49 neonates admitted at the ain shams university NICUs. Participants were divided into two groups: 26 in group of early lipid infusion and 23 in late lipid infusion, Demographic data, and biochemical parameters were documented during the 1st 2 weeks of life. The CAEP was performed at age of 6 months. The latency and amplitude of P1 were recorded and compared between both groups. Results In the present work we found that group of early lipid infusion had reach their full oral intake earlier with shorter duration of parenteral nutrition and length of stay. They had better weight gain and significantly better glucose level control than group of late lipid infusion. There was no significant difference in the other chemical parameters between both groups expect for the higher incidence of cholestasis in the group of late lipid infusion. At 6 months of age, the group of early lipid infusion had significantly shorter latency and amplitude of P1 than the group of late lipid infusion. Conclusion Early effective nutrition positively affect feeding tolerance and weight gain and maturation of higher brain centers brain.