FREQUENCY CHANGES IN VOCABULARY (BASED ON THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE MATERIAL)

The article deals with some frequency characteristics changes in Russian lexis based on the results of comparative analysis of the data presented in the new frequency dictionary of the Russian language and the data obtained by means of computer linguostatistical analysis. The features of frequency changes in the use of vocabulary in different functional styles of the Russian language are revealed.

Size of corpora and collocations: The case of Russian

With the arrival of information technologies to linguistics, compiling a large corpus of data, and of web texts in particular, has now become a mere technical matter. These new opportunities have revived the question of corpus volume that can be formulated in the following way: are larger corpora better for linguistic research or, more precisely, do lexicographers need to analyze bigger amounts of collocations? The paper deals with experiments on collocation identification in low-frequency lexis using corpora of different volumes (1 million, 10 million, 100 million and 1.2 billion words). We have selected low-frequency adjectives, nouns and verbs in the Russian Frequency Dictionary and tested the following hypotheses: 1) collocations in low-frequency lexis are better represented by larger corpora; 2) frequent collocations presented in dictionaries have low occurrences in small corpora; 3) statistical measures for collocation extraction behave differently in corpora of different volumes. The results prove the fact that corpora of under 100 M are not representative enough to study collocations, especially those with nouns and verbs. MI and Dice tend to extract less reliable collocations as the corpus volume extends, whereas t-score and Fisher’s exact test demonstrate better results for larger corpora.

RESEARCHER OF THE WRITTEN MONUMENT KUMAN KIPCHAK KAZAKH LINGUISTICS

In the article the writings of a specialist strutynskogo language expert kipchatova, Professor abana Kuryshzhanova study written monument "Code kumanikus", as well as the heritage monument written in the language of Kuman Kipchak, in lingvokulturologicheskom, including bibliographic aspect. Scientific evidence that Kipchaks in the middle ages had the status of not only the Kipchak Association, but also the state language, is reflected in every work of the scientist. Scientific articles and major works of the scientist, which set out specific linguistic facts that served as the basis for the formation of the sphere of Kipchak studies in the ethnic culture and worldview of the Turkic peoples, will serve as the basis for determining the medieval appearance of the Kazakhs. Studying a language Kuman - Kipchak writing monuments, it is a frequency dictionary, and represents a special case in scientific practice in the study of other monuments.

Physics Beyond Physics: Application of Physical Approaches in Quantitative Linguistics

The application of physical methods to solve non-physical problems has been considered. In particular, the prospects of physical approaches in quantitative linguistics are analyzed. The difference between the physical and non-physical methods is illustrated by an example of already existing “classical” models. A few mathematical models which make it possible to determine the rank-frequency dependence for words in a frequency dictionary, as well as the dependence of the dictionary volume on the text length, are proposed. It is shown that the physical approaches and principles that are used in physics can also be successfully applied to create mathematical models in linguistics.

Frequency Dictionary of 16th Century Cyrillic Written Monument

The article presents the algorithm of the frequency dictionary to an original ancient text, “Otpys” (“Response”) by Kliryk Ostrozkyi (the Cleric of Ostroh) of the late 16th century. Until now, no historical corpus of text of the Ukrainian language has been created; therefore the drafting of metagraphical texts with their subsequent processing in accordance with linguistic tasks can fill this gap. The peculiarity of creating a frequency dictionary based on one written monument is in using the model of frequency dictionaries and describing the specifics of processing the ancient text. These specifics is based on a deep understanding of the state of language in the end of the 16th century and consists in the unification of graphic and spelling variants, as well as in the formation of stems and lemmas. Work results are presented in the form of a Frequency Dictionary of Word Forms of “Otpys” by Kliryk Ostrozkyi according to the frequency decrease and a Frequency Dictionary of “Otpys” by Kliryk Ostrozkyi according to the frequency decrease.