FTR-Based Expert System for Power Generation Units

The present expert system addresses the well-known problem existing on each large size boiler of a power generation utility - cleaning of fouling deposition created on the furnace walls and surfaces of heat exchangers. Continuous cleaning, which is a must, especially on large size units operated on fossil fuels, is very cumbersome and time-consuming procedure, mostly performed manually by technical staff sometime assisted by intelligence systems based on neural network. The expert system for cleaning suggested in the present study offers a new approach when the inference engine of the system is oriented to optimization of heat transfer inside the furnace. The target of optimization is maximization of the overall cleanliness factor of the furnace. On-going calculation of local heat transfer in different zones of the furnace is performed in real time by FTR devices positioned in different locations on the furnace wall and measuring continuously the Fouling Thickness and Reflectivity (FTR), along with local temperature of the flame. The system algorithm defines at each measurement cycle the optimal position where the next cleaning should be done and the corresponding signals are transferred by the system electronic circuitry to the controllers of the cleaning measures (the group of soot blowers to be activated). During the last two years our expert system has been successfully implemented on four coil-firing boilers of 500–600 MW on two power stations in Israel.

Identification of Urban Park Quality in Taman Indonesia Kaya, Semarang

Based on observations and the results of the analysis, it was shown that Taman Indonesia Kaya already fulfilled the quality park standards. In the aspect of needs, the comfort factor has been fulfilled by the presence of park benches and garden lights in good condition, the cleanliness factor has been fulfilled by the existence of a trash with a sorting system, public toilets and disabled toilets in a clean condition, health factors have been fulfilled with the presence of acid trees, pandanus leaves and canna flowers, and safety factors have been fulfilled with the availability of a monitor bench gazebo and lighting lamps that function optimally. In the aspect of rights, the accessibility factor has been fulfilled, because of its strategic location and is in the city centre and traversed by the Trans Semarang route, the freedom of activity factor have been fulfilled by the existence of a fountain garden, cultural stage and green space, and the diversity of activity factors have been fulfilled by the existence of the Pandawa park , mural gates, fountain shows, cultural arts performances, and various paintings. In the meanings aspect, the place clarity factor is indicated by the presence of information boards and signage that are scattered in the corner of the park, and the sociability factor have been fulfilled by the many of spaces in the park area that can be used for socializing, such as: paving fields, sidewalks, green spaces , and the cultural stage.

An Optimization Study on Soot-Blowing of Air Preheaters in Coal-Fired Power Plant Boilers

This paper presents a comprehensive approach for optimization of soot-blowing of air preheaters in a coal-fired power plant boiler. In the method, modeling of the cleanliness factor is firstly proposed to monitor the ash deposition status of the air preheaters. Then, the statistical fitting of the ash fouling status is subsequently obtained to analyze the ash fouling dynamics and assessment of optimized soot-blowing strategies. Soot-blowing strategies are finally developed to optimize the steam consumption and heat transfer efficiency. Our methods can achieve the fouling monitoring and soot-blowing optimization of air preheater (APH) by using the existing monitoring data, not requiring additional special instruments and complex computing systems. The methodology is validated with the actual operating data of a 300 MW coal-fired power plant boiler. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. It can be used for the soot-blowing optimization in most coal-fired power plant boiler with air preheaters.

ANALISIS VARIABEL-VARIABEL PENENTU CLEANLINESS FACTOR DAN PERFORMANCE FACTOR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA KONDENSOR UNIT 1 PLTU SEKTOR ASAM-ASAM

Pemanatauan kierja kondensor PT. PLN Persero Sektor Asam-Asam pada keadaan operasi membuthkan nilai Cleanliness Factor dan Performance Factor. Analisis variabel-variabel yang menentukan Clinelines Factor dan Performance Factor diperlukan agar kinerjanya dapat ditingkatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai Cleanlines Factor dan Performance Factor, mengetahui pengaruh perubahan beban terhadap Cleanlines Factor dan Performance Factor, mengetahui variabel-variabel mempengaruhi kinerja kondenser dan mencari solusi untuk meningkatkan performance kondensor. Nilai Cleanlines Factor didapatkan dari rasio perbandingan koefisien transfer panas total keadaan aktual terhadap koefisien transfer panas HEI sedangkan PF didapat dari rasio koefisien transfer panas total keadaan aktual terhadap koefisien transfer panas ASME. Data-data operasi menunjukkan bahwa nilai Cleanlines Factor dan Performance Factor meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya beban pembangkitan listrik. . Hal ini membuktikan bahwa fouling bukan penyebab rendahnya nilai Cleanlines Factor dan Performance Factor. Variabel-variabel yang dianalisis yaitu suhu inlet cooling water (Tin), tekanan kondenser/back pressure (Pback) dan aliran volumetrik cooling water (Colling Water flow).Kata Kunci : Kondensor, Cleanliness Factor, Performance Factor

ANALISA CLEANLINESS FACTOR SEBAGAI NILAI PERFORMASI KONDENSER UNIT 4 PT. INDONESIA POWER UP SURALAYA

PT. Indonesia Power UP Suralaya merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang ketenaga listrikan yang melayani kebutuhan listrik hingga seputaran daerah Jawa, Bali, dan Madura. Dengan kapasitas 3400 MW PT. Indonesia Power UP Suralaya merupakan salah satu PLTU terbesar dikawasan Asia Tenggara. Kondenser, salah satu alat utama pada proses di pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU). Kondenser itu sendiri merupakan alat yang digunakan untuk merubah uap yang digunakan untuk menggerakan turbin menjadi air yang akan digunakan kembali pada proses PLTU. Kondenser yang digunakan pada PLTU Suralaya adalah tipe surface condenser. Air pendingin yang digunakan dalam kondenser pada PLTU suralaya adalah air laut dengan menggunakan sistem one through. Cleanliness factor merupakan faktor tingkat kebersihan kondenser, cleanliness factor menjadi sangat penting untuk menunjukkan seberapa besar performance dari kondenser tersebut jika semakin besar nilai cleanliness factor yang dihasilkan maka semakin besar pula kefektifan daripada kondenser tersebut. Perbandingan nilai cleanliness factor yang dihasilkan pada tanggal 2 April 2016 adalah sebesar 91,98 % dan pada tanggal 3 April 2016 menghasilkan nilai cleanliness factor sebesar 81,18%. Performa kondenser pada unit 4 masih dalam performa yang cukup baik.

LIFE PREDICTION” FOR THE HEAT EXCHANGER

Heat exchanger degradation is a non- periodic non stationary process, which depends upon the variation of parameters w.r.t time. The measurements are associated with gross errors, if they are not properly handled, they may lead to erroneous estimation and prediction of heat exchanger performance. The objective of this paper is to predict the life of the heat exchanger while reaching to its threshold limit by the output factors like cleanliness factor and fouling factor. The performance factor of heat exchangers degrades with time due to scaling or fouling factor. In this paper we have monitored, predict the working life of the heat exchanger performance

Research on Valid Serve Life of Pavement Marking in Urban Area

A two year study of evaluate the valid service life of durable pavement markings on urban roads was conducted in Beijing as a pilot field study of Chinese national transportation product evaluation program and minimum retro-reflectivity requirements standards and road maintenance standards. 34 pavement marking lines including edge line, arrow, skip line, crossing line and stop line were installed on expressway and intersection. Marking materials included thermoplastic with glass beads, preformed thermoplastic tape with glass beads and preformed rubber based pavement tape. Service life evaluation was base on minimum value of durability and retro-reflectivity. Retro-reflectivity attenuation varies at different locations (express way, intersection), different marking functions (e.g., skip line, edge line) and different materials (thermoplastic or tape). It was found the more accumulated traffic, the more loss of retro-reflectivity. The most loss of retro-reflectivity happens at stop lines, skip line and cross line are better, arrows are less, edge line is the best. Cleanliness factor are also considered, retro-reflectivity significantly rises after cleaned. A maintenance schedule for different markings was given in this paper. Stop line, skip line and crossing line are suggested to be replaced every 12 months; arrow and edge line are suggested to be replaced every 24 months with a special concern of cleanliness at urban area.

Perceptions and Behavior’s of Muslims and Non-Muslims towards Halal Products

This study aims to determine the level of acceptance and perception and behavior of the Muslim and non-Muslim toward halal products. This study is based on a survey of 300 respondents randomly selected. Data collected using questionnaires. Consumer behavior towards the adoption of available products is high and it is found that consumers are very highly concerned about food preparation factors are ordered from legitimate sources. In general, the frequency of residents in Lembah Pantai visiting the restaurant is every day namely working respondents. In addition, the cleanliness of the restaurant is one of the factors influencing the selection of respondents in regular restaurants. However, the results showed that the respondents were not so concerned with the cleanliness factor as long as the restaurant food was available to be served from legitimate sources and clean. The study concluded that restaurant operators should emphasize the preparation of food from halal sources and ingredients to the customers. Either recommendation has been made to the owners of restaurants to prioritize sanitation in the restaurant or involving the workers themselves to ensure hygiene is always guaranteed. Government agencies to tighten the licensing and regulation of halal logo to restaurant operators to ensure that the use of food ingredients is completely clean, pure and halal.