THE DEVELOPMENT OF VALIDITY AND VALIDATION IN LANGUAGE TESTING

Validity and validation have been key issues in language testing. During the past seven decades, researchers have aired different views on validity whose development, can be divided into four stages, namely, the stage of criterion-based approach, the stage of tripartite approach, the stage of unified approach and the stage of argument-based approach. In order to have an informed knowledge of validity theory, this article briefly traces the history of research on validity concepts and the corresponding frameworks of validation. By examining the development of validity and validation, some possible topics for future research are uncovered.

Teaching and assessing intra-operative consultations in competency-based medical education: development of a workplace-based assessment instrument

Competency-based medical education (CBME) is being implemented worldwide. In CMBE, residency training is designed around competencies required for unsupervised practice and use entrustable professional activities (EPAs) as workplace “units of assessment”. Well-designed workplace-based assessment (WBA) tools are required to document competence of trainees in authentic clinical environments. In this study, we developed a WBA instrument to assess residents’ performance of intra-operative pathology consultations and conducted a validity investigation. The entrustment-aligned pathology assessment instrument for intra-operative consultations (EPA-IC) was developed through a national iterative consultation and used clinical supervisors to assess residents’ performance at an anatomical pathology program. Psychometric analyses and focus groups were conducted to explore the sources of evidence using modern validity theory: content, response process, internal structure, relations to other variables, and consequences of assessment. The content was considered appropriate, the assessment was feasible and acceptable by residents and supervisors, and it had a positive educational impact by improving performance of intra-operative consultations and feedback to learners. The results had low reliability, which seemed to be related to assessment biases, and supervisors were reluctant to fully entrust trainees due to cultural issues. With CBME implementation, new workplace-based assessment tools are needed in pathology. In this study, we showcased the development of the first instrument for assessing resident’s performance of a prototypical entrustable professional activity in pathology using modern education principles and validity theory.

Validitas Hukum Permendag Nomor 29 Tahun 2019 Tentang Ketentuan Ekspor dan Impor Hewan terhadap Eksistensi Undang-Undang Jaminan Produk Halal Indonesia

The problems that will be examined in this study related to the validity of the law of Permendag number 29 year 2019 on export and import of animal and animal products to the existence of Halal product guarantee law. The problem is related to the legality of the Halal Product Guarantee Act in consideration and the legal basis of Permendag number 29 year 2019 and the validity of the law of Permendag number 29 year 2019 faced with the existence of the Halal Product Guarantee Act. This method of study uses a normative juridical approach by analyzing the problems associated with the legislation (of Aproach) in the field of consumer protection law. This research approaches the concept of validity theory and legal certainty that includes legal, legal justice, legal certainty, accountability, transparency, effectiveness, and efficiency and professionalism of statutory regulations. In particular the Halal and Permendang Product Guarantee Act 29 year 2019 on the terms of export and import of animals and animal products. The results in this study showed that with the existence of problems (conflicts) The philosophical impacts caused contrary to the theory of legal protection and legal morality where a norm is essentially aimed to protect consumers especially Muslim consumers in their rights. Sociologically from the study also has an impact on the decline in moral stability and certainty in the law that applies to the inclusion of halal certification in animal import products and animal products in Indonesia after the issuance of Permendag number 29 year 2019 about the provisions of export and import of animals and animal products so that it can create multiple interpretations and mistakes from various circles including the community.

Predictive Validity toward Job Performance of General and Specific Mental Abilities. A Validity Study across Different Occupational Groups

There are two main views on the role of cognitive abilities in job performance prediction. The first approach is based on meta-analysis and incremental validity analysis research and the main assumption is that general mental ability (GMA) is the best job performance predictor regardless of the occupation. The second approach, referred to as specific validity theory, assumes that job-unique weighting of different specific mental abilities (SMA) is a better predictor of job performance than GMA and occupational context cannot be ignored when job performance is predicted. The validity study of both GMA and SMA as predictors of job performance across different occupational groups (N = 4033, k = 15) was conducted. The results were analyzed by calculating observed validity coefficients and with the use of the incremental validity and the relative importance analysis. The results supports the specific validity theory – SMA proved to be a valid job performance predictor and occupational context moderated GMA validity.