Quality of triticale cupcakes enriched with pumpkin paste

Aims. To study the quality formation of a cupcake made from triticale flour enriched with pumpkin paste. Methods. Laboratory, mathematical and statistical, physicochemical. Results. The article presents the study results of the quality formation of triticale cupcakes (baking, shrinkage, moisute, volume, porosity), enriched with pumpkin paste. It is established that the quality of triticale cupcakes varies significantly from the pumpkin paste content. As a result of research, it was found that the baking rate of cupcakes varied depending on the pumpkin paste content and was 2.77–3.90 %. This indicator is the lowest in the control variant - without pumpkin paste addition – 2.77 %. Variants with the addition of 5, 15, 35 and 40% of pumpkin paste were characterized by high rates, where the baking rate was 3.72, 3.8, 3.85 and 3.9, respectively. In other experiment variants it was at the level of 3.14–3.63 %. Shrinkage of triticale flour cupcakes enriched with pumpkin paste did not change significantly and amounted to 1.0–1.4 %. It was found that with pumpkin paste addition, the moisture of the cupcakes increased from 21.4 with 5% of pumpkin paste to 36.1 % with 50 %. The highest moisture was characterized by variants with a content of 40, 45 and 50 % of pumpkin paste, respectively, 33.4, 33.2 and 36.1 %. When pumpkin paste is added to the dough, cupcake volume increases from 5 to 50 %. It is obvious that the absence of pumpkin gluten in the paste is the main reason for intensity decrease in the processes of dough leavening and increasing its density. Therefore, with pumpkin paste addition, the porosity of baked goods was not developed, the pores are small and thick-walled. Thus, cupcake porosity was 28.4–55.6 %. This figure was the highest with the addition of 5 % of pumpkin paste – 55.6 %, which is 5.4 % more than control. As the amount of pumpkin paste increased, the cupcake porosity also decreased. Conclusions. In the technology of triticale cupcakes, it is optimal to add 25–30 % of pumpkin paste by dough weight.

ANALISIS HUBUNGAN INDEKS BIAS DAN INTENSITAS CAHAYA PADA BERBAGAI FLUIDA

This research aimed to examine the relationship between refractive index and light intensity in various fluids. This type of this research was experimental research. The measurement data obtained the refractive index values of various fluids, namely the refractive index of spirit, watered, alcohol, oil, and oil respectively 1. 3066 ± 0. 0053, 1. 319 ± 0. 0056, 1. 3422 ± 0. 0061, 1. 438 ± 0. 0054, 1. 576 ± 0. 0068. The data from the measurement of light intensity in various fluids obtained the valued of the intensity of light that passed through spirit, watered, alcohol, oil, and oil, respectively, namely 1220. 8 ± 3. 72 lux, 1219 ± 3. 9 lux, 1216. 2 ± 3, 77 lux, 1202. 6 ± 3. 88 lux, and 1180. 2 ± 4. 07 lux. The results of this research obtained a valued of r = 1 which indicates that the relationship between the refractive index and light intensity was very strong. The conclusion in this studied was that there was a relationship between refractive index and light intensity. This relationship could been seen in the refractive index, the greater the valued in the fluid would made the transmitted light intensity decrease or inversely proportional. Key word: fluid, light intensity, refractive index

PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF MAN LIVING IN ECOLOGICALLY UNFAVORABLE ENVIRONMENT: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF RESEARCH

The author aims to present fundamentals of the psychological adaptation conception researching the population that were born and live in ecologically unfavourable living environment. Psychological adaptation is assumed to be a systemic characteristic of the man-living environment (natural and social) system. The empirical study revealed common but not equal in intensity decrease of psychological adaptation indices performed by subjects who were born and live in Transbaikal Region. The author believes that the discovered decrease is the consequence of the realized special – that of the strategy of minimizing adaptation.

PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF MAN LIVING IN ECOLOGICALLY UNFAVORABLE ENVIRONMENT: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF RESEARCH

The author aims to present fundamentals of the psychological adaptation conception researching the population that were born and live in ecologically unfavourable living environment. Psychological adaptation is assumed to be a systemic characteristic of the man-living environment (natural and social) system. The empirical study revealed common but not equal in intensity decrease of psychological adaptation indices performed by subjects who were born and live in Transbaikal Region. The author believes that the discovered decrease is the consequence of the realized special – that of the strategy of minimizing adaptation.

Urban Flood Detection with Sentinel-1 Multi-Temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Observations in a Bayesian Framework: A Case Study for Hurricane Matthew

In this study we explored the application of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) intensity time series for urban flood detection. Our test case was the flood in Lumberton, North Carolina, USA, caused by the landfall of Hurricane Matthew on 8 October 2016, for which airborne imagery—taken on the same day as the SAR overpass—is available for validation of our technique. To map the flood, we first carried out normalization of the SAR intensity observations, based on the statistics from the time series, and then construct a Bayesian probability function for intensity decrease (due to specular reflection of the signal) and intensity increase (due to double bounce) cases separately. We then formed a flood probability map, which we used to create our preferred flood extent map using a global cutoff probability of 0.5. Our flood map in the urban area showed a complicated mosaicking pattern of pixels showing SAR intensity decrease, pixels showing intensity increase, and pixels without significant intensity changes. Our approach shows improved performance when compared with global thresholding on log intensity ratios, as the time series-based normalization has accounted for a certain level of spatial variation by considering the different history for each pixel. This resulted in improved performance for urban and vegetated regions. We identified smooth surfaces, like asphalt roads, and SAR shadows as the major sources of underprediction, and aquatic plants and soil moisture changes were the major sources of overprediction.