Little-known facts of the creative way of the outstanding Ukrainian restorer OI Minzhulin: to the problem of restoration of objects of underwater archeology

The article highlights little-known facts from the biography and scientific restoration activities of O. Minzhulin, related to the restoration of underwater archeology. The paper describes the first methodology of restoration and conservation of materials of underwater archeological researches of Ukraine initiated by Minzhulin. This methodology involves: This methodology gradually included: placing the lifted objects in an alkaline aqueous solution, applying the method of intensive washing in deionized water, the method of desalination with sesquicarbonate, the method of alkaline-sulfite treatment of iron, the involvement of an ultrasonic device with frequency wave control and more. Innovative were the methods of restoration of underwater archaeological ferrous metal. An underwater volcano is named after the outstanding restorer.

INVESTIGATION PARAMETERS ULTRASONIC DEVICE ON PHASED ARRAYS. FOCUSING MODES FOR ULTRASONIC DEVICE TYPE OF OMNISCAN

The article is devoted to possibilities of regular focusing of Omniscan device on phased arrays. Questions are raised about evaluation of testing results when using linear and sector scan-ning with different focus parameters. The question of size near-field for phased arrays and asso-ciated choice of focus mode is discussed. The article is based on experiments conducted on samples with artificial reflectors at the same size, but different in type: a non-directional reflector (a side-drill hole) and a directional reflector (a flat-bottomed reflector), located at the same depth. The study was conducted for transducers with different frequencies. Families of curves of the signal amplitude dependence are obtained: on depth reflector, on focus depth setting, and on type reflector. The results emphasize need for precise focusing with-in the near-field of the transducer for small thicknesses or shallow depth of occurrence of discontinuities, and large variability in choice of focusing for depths in far-field. The study notes a significant difference in values of depth reflector at different focusses at a fixed position of transducer. In this article, in addition to considering possibility of focusing a flaw detector with phased arrays, the focus is on interpretation of results and reliability of testing in the analysis and comparison data. An integral part of the technological testing protocol for phased array is the depth of focus and the type of scanning. The obtained data do not depend on the frequency of transducer, which means that conclusions are applicable to general range of flaw detectors on phased arrays.

Застосування ультразвукового пристрою для визначення поверхневої густини текстильної волоконної маси

Purpose. Ensuring the determination of the basis weight of the textile fiber mass directly during the manufacturing process using an ultrasonic device equipped with non-contact ultrasonic sensors. In particular, show the effect of the basis weight of a textile fiber mass on the amplitude of probing vibrations in the measuring channel of an ultrasonic device. An amplitude control method is proposed, which is the basis of the operation of the ultrasonic device. It consists in irradiating the textile fiber mass, which moves relative to the scanning bracket with the sensors, and determining the basis weight of the fiber mass by reducing the amplitude of the ultrasonic waves in the measuring channel. The measurement results are processed with their subsequent digitization and computer analysis. It has been established that due to the passage and re-reflection of ultrasonic waves, which fall on two receivers with different vibration delays, it is possible to increase the accuracy of measurements of the average values of the basis weight of the textile fiber mass. Originality. In the general case, it is established that by passing and reflecting ultrasonic waves entering two receivers with different delay of oscillations, it is possible to increase the accuracy of measurements of average values of basis weight of textile fiber mass. The block diagram of the ultrasonic device for determination of basis weight of textile fiber mass is shown and its work is described. The main dependences on which the device system will determine the basis weight of the textile fiber mass are also given.

The Efficacy of Ultrasonic Pest Repellent Devices against the Australian Paralysis Tick, Ixodes holocyclus (Acari: Ixodidae)

Ultrasonic pest repellers are often promoted as a means of protecting people and pets from the bites of hematophagous arthropods, such as ticks. However, to date, there has been no published research on the effectiveness of these devices against the Australian paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus Neumann. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of nine ultrasonic devices against female I. holocyclus. Two arenas were constructed, one for the test (with the ultrasonic device) and one for the control (no device). Each arena had a test and an escape chamber, connected by a corridor. Twenty ticks were placed in each test chamber. After the ultrasonic device was operated for 1 h, the number of ticks in both chambers was recorded. Ten replicates were conducted for each device. The average number of ticks that moved from the test to the escape chamber was greater in all the test arenas, with three devices being statistically different from the control. However, the highest percent of ticks that escaped was only 19.5%. This amount is insufficient to offer adequate protection against tick bites and this study adds further weight to previous investigations that ultrasonic devices should not be employed in pest management.

Intelligent Wireless Ultrasonic Device for Damage Detection of Metallic Structures

In today’s world, it is necessary to monitor structures for possible damages. A failure to monitor the structures properly can cause structural catastrophe. Many researchers have worked on the low-power ultrasonic device to monitor the structures. In this research, we present an intelligent ultrasonic device (IUD) to monitor and detect the damages on the structures. The device uses microcontroller, actuator interface circuit, sensor interface circuit and radio frequency (RF) modem. The microcontroller has in-built high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC), digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and floating-point unit for signal processing. The controller generates the tone-burst signal and sends it to actuator interface circuit. The actuator interface circuit conditions the received signal from the microcontroller and drives the Piezoelectric Transducer (PZT) actuator. The actuator generates an ultrasonic wave in the structure. The wave is then sensed by PZT sensors. The sensor interface circuit selects the signal from desired PZT sensor and sends it to the microcontroller for further processing. The microcontroller digitizes the signal and computes the damage index and only if the damage is severe, it will send data wirelessly to the nearby PC. To test the device, iron specimen was prepared, PZT actuator and PZT sensor was mounted on it. The artificial crack was then induced on the specimen. The ultrasonic wave was then collected from the structure. By analyzing the ultrasonic wave, the device successfully detected the induced crack in the structure. The future work will be to use GSM modem so that the device can be monitored in the real time from the remote location.