Phytochemical Screening by LC-ESI-MS/MS and Effect of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Leaves and Stems of Jatropha macrantha Müll Arg. on Ketamine-Induced Erectile Dysfunction in Rats

Jatropha macrantha Müll Arg. L is also known as “huanarpo macho” and used in the Peruvian traditional medicine as an aphrodisiac and erectile dysfunction (ED). The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical constituents in leaves and stems ethyl acetate fraction (LEAF and SEAF) of J. macrantha and to compare the antioxidant activity and the ameliorative effect on ketamine-induced erectile dysfunction in rats. The phytochemical constituents were determined by LC-ESI-MS/MS, the total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids (TPC and TF) by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride, respectively. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Experimental groups were divided as follows: I: negative control; II: positive control (ketamine at 50 mg/ kg/d); III: sildenafil 5 mg/kg; IV, V, VI: LEAF at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively, and VII, VIII, IX: SEAF at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, respectively. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence mainly of coumarins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenes. TPC of LEAF and SEAF were 359 ± 5.21 mg GAE/g and 306 ± 1.93 mg GAE/g, respectively; TF in LEAF and SEAF were 23.7 ± 0.80 mg EQ/g, and 101 ± 1.42 mg EQ/g, respectively. The DPPH, ABTS, FRAP in SEAF were 647 ± 3.27; 668 ± 2.30; and 575 ± 2.86 μmol TE/g, respectively, whilst LEAF showed 796 ± 3.15; 679 ± 0.85; and 806 ± 3.42 μmol TE/g, respectively. Regarding sexual behavior, LEAF showed a better effect in mount frequency, intromission frequency, ejaculation frequency, mount latency, intromission latency, ejaculatory latency, and post ejaculatory latency than SEAF. As conclusion, LEAF of J. macrantha at 50 mg/kg showed a better effect on sexual behavior in male rats with erectile dysfunction than SEAF but not higher than sildenafil.

Evidence for the Association between Chronotype and Lifelong Premature Ejaculation

<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> This study aimed to investigate the relationships between intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), severity of disease, and chronotype in lifelong premature ejaculation (PE). <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Evaluation was made of 114 males with PE and 103 healthy individuals, and comparisons were made of self-estimated IELT, Arabic Index of Premature Ejaculation (AIPE), Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). <b><i>Results:</i></b> The frequency of morningness chronotype (78.1%) was significantly higher, and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) scores were negatively correlated with both IELT (<i>r</i> = −0.490, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and Arabic Index of Premature Ejaculation (AIPE) scores (<i>r</i> = −0.639, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) in the PE group. MEQ scores significantly predicted IELT (<i>t</i> = −2.465, <i>p</i> = 0.015) and AIPE scores (<i>t</i> = −4.003, <i>p</i> = 0.000) in the PE group but not in the control group. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> It can be asserted that morningness chronotype is more common, and ejaculatory latency time and PE severity are associated with chronotype in males with PE.

The Influence of Tramadol on Intravaginal Ejaculatory Latency Time and Sexual Satisfaction Score in Treating Patients With Premature Ejaculation: A Network Meta-Analysis

This network meta-analysis aimed at assessing the influence of tramadol on the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) and sexual satisfaction score (SSS) in treating patients with premature ejaculation (PE). The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases (until July 2021), and original references of the included articles was systematically retrieved. The PRISMA checklist was followed. Finally, 14 articles including 1971 patients were included in this analysis. The results indicated that patients who were treated with tramadol (50 mg, 62 mg, 89 mg, and 100 mg) were superior to those treated with placebo in terms of IELT ( p = .003, p < .00001, p < .00001, and p < .00001, respectively), but 25 mg tramadol did not show a significant advantage ( p = .06). Patients who were treated with tramadol (50 mg and 100 mg) had a better efficacy than who were treated with 25 mg tramadol in the IELT ( p < .00001 and p < .00001), but the effect of 50 mg tramadol and 100 mg tramadol were not significantly different ( p = .17). The tramadol group had the better effect than the placebo group in the SSS ( p < .0001). And 50 mg tramadol showed a significant improvement compared with 20 mg paroxetine, as assessed by the IELT ( p = .03) and SSS ( p = .03). Safety assessments including adverse events suggested that tramadol was well tolerated. Tramadol showed a better improvement of IELT and SSS than placebo or paroxetine, and 50 mg tramadol may be a more reasonable therapeutic dose for patients with PE.

Observational study on the effects of a topical formulation in patients with premature ejaculation

Premature ejaculation (PE) has been defined as the inability to control or delay ejaculation, resulting in dissatisfaction or distress of the patient. Although PE is the most frequent sexual dysfunction, it is still underdiagnosed. An accurate clinical history is the best diagnostic approach that, in the majority of cases, is enough to differentiate between primary and acquired PE. Nowadays, treatment is not curative but is effective in increasing the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), improving the sexual satisfaction of the couple [...].

Premature Ejaculation – From Physiology to Treatment

Objective: To review in literature about the concept of premature ejaculation from physiology to treatment. Materials and methods: A literature search conducted with Pubmed and Cochrane. Results: An accurate clinical history is the best diagnostic method, and in the majority of the cases it is enough to differentiate between primary and acquired premature ejaculation. Nowadays the treatment is not curative but is effective in increasing the Intravaginal Ejaculatory Latency Time, improving the couple’s sexual satisfaction. Conclusion: Although PE is the most frequent sexual dysfunction, it is still sub-diagnosed. Combining behavioural techniques with pharmacotherapy is the best way of treatment.