scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening by LC-ESI-MS/MS and Effect of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Leaves and Stems of Jatropha macrantha Müll Arg. on Ketamine-Induced Erectile Dysfunction in Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Johnny Aldo Tinco-Jayo ◽  
Enrique Javier Aguilar-Felices ◽  
Edwin Carlos Enciso-Roca ◽  
Jorge Luis Arroyo-Acevedo ◽  
Oscar Herrera-Calderon
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ejaculatory Latency ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Jatropha macrantha Müll Arg. L is also known as “huanarpo macho” and used in the Peruvian traditional medicine as an aphrodisiac and erectile dysfunction (ED). The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical constituents in leaves and stems ethyl acetate fraction (LEAF and SEAF) of J. macrantha and to compare the antioxidant activity and the ameliorative effect on ketamine-induced erectile dysfunction in rats. The phytochemical constituents were determined by LC-ESI-MS/MS, the total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids (TPC and TF) by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride, respectively. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Experimental groups were divided as follows: I: negative control; II: positive control (ketamine at 50 mg/ kg/d); III: sildenafil 5 mg/kg; IV, V, VI: LEAF at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively, and VII, VIII, IX: SEAF at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, respectively. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence mainly of coumarins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenes. TPC of LEAF and SEAF were 359 ± 5.21 mg GAE/g and 306 ± 1.93 mg GAE/g, respectively; TF in LEAF and SEAF were 23.7 ± 0.80 mg EQ/g, and 101 ± 1.42 mg EQ/g, respectively. The DPPH, ABTS, FRAP in SEAF were 647 ± 3.27; 668 ± 2.30; and 575 ± 2.86 μmol TE/g, respectively, whilst LEAF showed 796 ± 3.15; 679 ± 0.85; and 806 ± 3.42 μmol TE/g, respectively. Regarding sexual behavior, LEAF showed a better effect in mount frequency, intromission frequency, ejaculation frequency, mount latency, intromission latency, ejaculatory latency, and post ejaculatory latency than SEAF. As conclusion, LEAF of J. macrantha at 50 mg/kg showed a better effect on sexual behavior in male rats with erectile dysfunction than SEAF but not higher than sildenafil.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity in Rheum emodi Wall (Himalayan Rhubarb)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2555
Author(s):  
Sang Koo Park ◽  
Yoon Kyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Abts Assay ◽  
Ic50 Values

Using natural products as antioxidant agents has been beneficial to replace synthetic products. Efforts have been made to profile the antioxidant capacities of natural resources, such as medicinal plants. The polyphenol content of Himalayan rhubarb, Rheum emodi wall, was measured and the antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and ABTS+ assay, and the oxidative stress was assessed using SOD enzymatic assay. Five different solvent fractions, n-hexane, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and water, were used for screening the antioxidant capacity in effort to determine the optimum extraction solvent. The total phenolic contents for R. emodi fractions ranged from 27.76 to 209.21 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of dry weight. DPPH and ABTS+ assay results are presented into IC50 values, ranged from 21.52 to 2448.79 μg/mL and 90.25 to 1718.05 μg/mL, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest antioxidant activity among other fractions. Also, n-butanol and water fractions showed significantly lower IC50 values than the positive control in DPPH radical scavenging activity. The IC50 values of SOD assay of fractions ranged from 2.31 to 64.78 μg/mL. A similar result was observed with ethyl acetate fraction showing the highest SOD radical scavenging activity. The study suggests that the ethyl acetate fraction of R. emodi possess the strongest antioxidant activity, thus the most efficient in extracting antioxidant contents. Moreover, a highly significant correlation was shown between total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity screening assays. The compounds related to the antioxidant activity of R. emodi were identified to myricitrin, myricetin 3-galloyl rhamnoside, and myricetin, which have not been reported in studies about R. emodi before.

scholarly journals POLYPHENOL CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF Allophylus edulis (A. St.-Hil. et al.) Hieron. ex Niederl. AND Cupania vernalis Cambess. (SAPINDACEAE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Michel Sobottka ◽  
Elisandra Tessaro ◽  
Suelen Maier da Silva ◽  
Marina Pedron ◽  
Lara Tortini Seffrin
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Butanol Fraction ◽  
Degraded Ecosystems

ABSTRACT Allophylus edulis and Cupania vernalis (Sapindaceae) are Brazilian native trees used as medicinal plants for the treatment of respiratory, digestive, circulatory, and skin diseases. Ubiquitously distributed in the Brazilian territory, these species are indicated for mixed plantations aimed at the recovery of degraded ecosystems. In this study, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), and the antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions obtained from A. edulis and C. vernalis leaves were assessed. The TPC and TFC was determined spectrophotometrically. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through radical scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The extracts were obtained by two methods: maceration (method 1) and Soxhlet (method 2). Solvents of increasing polarity (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) were used to obtained the fractions. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction from A. edulis, obtained from the maceration method, had the highest TPC (442.0 ± 18.2 mg GAE g-1) and TFC (58.1 ± 0.4 mg RUE g-1), and antioxidant activity (EC50 = 43.6 ± 2.6 µg mL-1). By C. vernalis, superior results were obtained with the n-butanol fraction (TPC = 126.1 ± 5.8 mg GAE g-1, TFC = 37.7 ± 0.6 mg RUE g-1). The highest antioxidant potential was found in the crude hydroalcoholic extract (EC50 = 816.1 ± 50.9 µg mL-1) and butanol fraction (1,156.4 ± 3.8 µg mL-1). The results of this study show that the fractions obtained by maceration and liquid-liquid partition with more polar solvents (ethyl acetate and n-butanol) are the richest in TPC and TFC, and presented the greater antioxidant activity. Comparing the two plants, A. edulis showed the best results, with a high content of TPC, TFC, and antioxidant potential, and therefore may be used to treat diseases related to oxidative stress.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Cedrus brevifolia Bark

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Cretu ◽  
Juha-Pekka Salminen ◽  
Maarit Karonen ◽  
Anca Miron ◽  
Christiana Charalambous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

A raw extract and four extractive fractions were obtained from Cedrus brevifolia (Cyprus cedar) bark. They were all studied regarding the phenolic content and profile using spectrophotometry and HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. The antioxidant activity was investigated using in vitro assays: DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging and reducing power assays. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest total phenolic and proanthocyanidin contents; a taxifolin-O-hexoside, catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin oligomers (three dimers, two trimers) were identified in this fraction. The ethyl acetate fraction was found to possess the highest DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging effects (EC50=13.9 ± 0.3 and 2.3 ± 0.0 μg/mL, respectively) and reducing capacity (EC50=9.1 ±0.1 μg/mL). Antioxidant effects were highly correlated with total phenolic and proanthocyanidin contents (r=0.89-0.99). These results suggest that Cedrus brevifolia bark is a new source of antioxidants.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Phenolic Compound Profile and Antioxidant Potential of Achillea atrata L. and Achillea millefolium L.

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1530
Author(s):  
Lysanne Salomon ◽  
Peter Lorenz ◽  
Marek Bunse ◽  
Otmar Spring ◽  
Florian C. Stintzing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Hydrazyl Radical

In the present study, Achillea atrata L. and A. millefolium L. were compared for the first time with regard to their phenolic compound profile and antioxidant activity by applying the 2,2-diphenyl-picryl hydrazyl radical assay. For this purpose, aerial plant parts were consecutively extracted with solvents of increasing polarity (dichloromethane, n-butanol, ethyl acetate), revealing that the A. atrata ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 12.2 ± 0.29 µg/mL compared to 17.0 ± 0.26 µg/mL for A. millefolium. Both species revealed the presence of luteolin, apigenin, centaureidin, and nevadensin exclusively in this most polar fraction, which are known as effective 2,2-diphenyl-picryl hydrazyl radical scavengers. The antioxidant capacity of the aforementioned fractions strikingly correlated with their total phenolic contents, which was highest in the ethyl acetate fraction of A. atrata. Characterization of the metabolite profiles of both Achillea species showed only marginal differences in the presence of key compounds, whereas the concentrations of individual compounds appeared to be species-specific. Our results suggest that A. atrata, based on its compound pattern and bioactivity characteristics, has similar qualities for phytotherapy as A. millefolium.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Fenolik Total Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Sembung (Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azimatur Rahmi ◽  
Tika Afriani ◽  
Linda Hevira ◽  
Wike Widiawati
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Activity Assay ◽  
Ic50 Value

The aim of this study is to investigate antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of ethyl acetate fraction of Sembung leaves. Sembung (Blumea balsamifera L.) is a plant that has the potential as an antioxidant because it contains secondary metabolites of alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, and phenolic compounds. In this study, antioxidant activity was tested by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for free radical scavenging activity assay. Evaluation of total phenolic content was tested by using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of Sembung leaves possess showed medium antioxidant activity with IC50 valueof 221.821 compare with reference standard ascorbic acid with IC50 value 68.25 ppm. The ethyl acetate fraction of Sembung leaves has a total phenolic content of 161.101 mg GAE/g. This study provided that Blumea balsamifera leaves possess antioxidant.

scholarly journals Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of jackfruit peel and in vitro antiradical test

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Yamin ◽  
Ruslin ◽  
Mistriyani ◽  
Sabarudin ◽  
S. Ihsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Natural Antioxidant ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Free radical is any molecular species that have unpaired free electrons in their outer orbital shell that make radicals highly reactive, resulting in pathogenesis conditions such as cellular injury, premature aging, cancer, hepatic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease. One source of natural antioxidant is jackfruit. The purpose of this research was to determine the phenolic and flavonoid contents in the extracts and fractions of jackfruit peel and their potential as antioxidants. Jackfruit peel powder was extracted from maceration. The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Meanwhile, flavonoid content was determined using the aluminium chloride complex colorimetric method. Measurements of antioxidant activity were conducted using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The ethyl acetate fraction had high phenolic and flavonoid contents, which were 49.667±1.508 g GAE/100 g of sample and 70.199±0.374 g of quercertin equivalent/100 g. The ethyl acetate fraction had the strongest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 4.539±0.201 µg/ mL and correlation value (R2 ) of 0.5881 for phenols and R2 of 0.7241 for flavonoids. Ethyl acetate fraction of jackfruit peel is very potential to be developed as a natural antioxidant and functional food.

Studies on In vitro Interaction of Ampicillin and Polyalthia longifolia Leaf Ethyl Acetate Fraction (PLEAF) by Checkerboard Method Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1049-1062
Author(s):  
Balasupramaniam Kirubakari ◽  
Yeng Chen ◽  
Jagat R. Kanwar ◽  
Lai N. Shin ◽  
Sreenivasan Sasidharan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Polyalthia Longifolia

Background: Polyalthia longifolia which originates from India is rich with various useful phytochemicals which are valuable for human health. Accordingly, the current study was conducted to evaluate the combinational antimicrobial activity of P. longifolia Ethyl Acetate Fraction (PLEAF) with ampicillin, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities. Methods: The evaluation of the synergistic activity of PLEAF fraction and ampicillin against MRSA local isolate was conducted with various antimicrobial assays. Results: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of PLEAF fraction (62.5 μg/mL) and ampicillin (5000 μg/mL) were found to decrease to 15.63 μg/mL for PLEAF and 2500 μg/mL for ampicillin respectively in the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) assay against the MRSA bacteria. The 2,2-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide free radical scavenging activities showed that PLEAF fraction possessed high antioxidant activity and the combinational of PLEAF fraction and ampicillin exhibited moderate antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content (TPC) of PLEAF was 168.22 ± 0.00407 μg GAE/g of PLEAF fraction. Discussion: henolic compounds might be responsible for the observed antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of PLEAF fraction. In addition, in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity test against Vero cells the PLEAF fraction was proven to be non-toxic (98.14% of cell viability) and the combination of PLEAF fraction and ampicillin treatment against the Vero cells showed an improved cell viability (52.44%) as compared with ampicillin alone in the treated group. Conclusions: The PLEAF fraction works well in combination with ampicillin to kill the MRSA local resistance strain. PLEAF fraction also showed favourable antioxidant activity and improved Vero cell viability in the presence of ampicillin which is an important attribute of PLEAF fraction to be used in the future combinational therapy.

scholarly journals Determination of Total Phenolic, Total Flavonoid and Antioxidant Activity of Karamunting Leaves (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk) Extract and Fraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Rahma Dona
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Ic50 Value

Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk) is a family of Myrtaceae which has been used by the community as traditional medicine. The purpose of this research is determine total phenolic and total flavonoid level and test antioxidant activity of Karamunting Leaves. Determination of total phenolic using gallic acid standard by the Folin Ciocalteu method. The results obtained total phenolic in water fraction of 99 mgGAE/g, ethanol extract 94,1 mgGAE/g, ethyl acetate fraction 83,3 mgGAE/g and n-hexane fraction 41,4 mgGAE/g. Determination of total flavonoid using standard quersetin with AlCL3 complex formation method, the results obtained total flavonoid in water fraction of 156,8 mgQE/g, ethanol extract 192,6 mgQE/g, ethyl acetate fraction 89,4 mgQE/g and n-hexane fraction 31,3 mgQE/g. Determination of antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical capture test (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), the results obtained in water fraction with IC50 value 15,02 µg/mL, ethanol extract 14,06 µg/mL, ethyl acetate fraction 14,48 µg/mL with very strong activity of antioxidant, whereas in the n-hexane fraction was categorized as weak antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 264,02 µg/mL.

scholarly journals Baccaurea racemosa (Reinw. ex Blume) Müll. Arg. pulp: a potential natural antioxidant

Food Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 713-719
Author(s):  
L. Permatasari ◽  
S. Riyanto ◽  
A. Rohman
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Natural Antioxidant ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Baccaurea racemosa (Reinw. ex Blume) Müll. Arg. is a fruit widely grown in Indonesia locally known as ‘kepundung’. Some of genus Baccaurea has potential to be developed as a natural antioxidant. However, the antioxidant activity of B. racemosa pulp has not been published. This study is aimed to (i) explore the antioxidant activity, (ii) measure the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and (iii) investigate the correlation of antioxidant activity of extract and fractions of B. racemosa pulp with their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Fresh B. racemosa pulp was macerated with methanol to obtained methanolic extract. The methanolic extract was partitioned using n-hexane followed dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. This study revealed that ethyl acetate fraction has the highest antioxidant activity with the scavenging activity of free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-Azinobis(3-etylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) with values IC50 127.155±4.311ug/mL and 108.155±6.455 mM trolox equivalent/100 mg dry extract respectively. However, the highest antioxidant activity using β-carotene bleaching (BCB) assay is the methanolic extract with value 36.898±13.240%. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction has the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) with values 42.975±1.978 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract (mg GAE g-1 dry extract) and 122.813±1.604 mg rutin equivalent/g dry extract (mg RE g-1 dry extract) respectively. TPC and TFC of B. racemosa pulp have a significant correlation with ABTS free radical scavenging activity. In this current study, it was discovered that ethyl acetate fraction of B. racemosa pulp can be developed to be a natural antioxidant.

Antioxidant Potential and Total Phenolic Compounds of Extracts and Fractions of Pistasia atlantica

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Alidadi ◽  
Mohammad-Taghi Moradi ◽  
Majid Asadi-Samani ◽  
Zahra Lorigooini
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Ic50 Value

Different parts of Pistasia atlantica have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes in Iran. The aim of this study was to measurement and compare antioxidant activity and polyphenolic compounds of crude ethyl alcohol extract and four fractions of P. atlantica leaf. Crude ethyl alcohol extract of P. atlantica leaf was prepared using maceration method and subjected to fractionation with different polarity. The antioxidant potential of all these fractions was evaluated by the 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity method. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol components were measured with Folin-Ciocaltiue and Chlorid Aluminum methods. According to the radical scavenging capacity, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value 1.54±0.12 µg/ml, followed by the chloroform fraction with higher percent inhibition of the DPPH with 3.4±0.11 µg/ml. The results are represented relative to a reference standard, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), with IC50 value of 33.5±3.67μg/ml. Among these fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction and chloroform fraction had the highest amount of total phenolic compounds with value of 532.73 and 355.14 mg GAE/g, respectively. The results of this study showed that some fractions of P. atlantica leaf extract could be used as easily accessible source of natural antioxidants

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