Pyrithione metal (Cu, Ni, Ru) complexes as photo-catalysts for styrene oxide production

Selective photochemical oxidation of styrene was performed in an active acetonitrile medium, using H2O2 with or without ultraviolet (UV) light radiation. Pyrithione metal complexes (M–Pth: M = Cu(II), Ni(II), Ru(II); Pth = 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide) were used as catalysts. Catalytic testing measurements were done by varying the time, chemical reaction temperature and H2O2 concentration with or without UV energy. Epoxide styrene oxide (SO), benzaldehyde and acetophenone were the major synthesized products. A high batch rate, conversion and selectivity towards SO was shown in the presence of UV. A minor constant formation of CO2 was observed in the stream. Coordinated Ru-based compounds demonstrated the highest process productivity of SO at 60 °C. The effect of the functional alkyl substituent on the ligand Pth, attached to the specific ruthenium(II) centre, decreased the activity of the substance. Ni-Pth selectively yielded benzaldehyde. The stability of the catalysts was examined by applying nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry. Tested metal complexes with pyrithione (M–Pth) exhibited excellent reuse recyclability up to 3 cycles.

Differentiated approach to rhythm conversion in patients with atrial fibrillation and flutter

The importance of relieving paroxysms of fibrillation and atrial flutter is determined by a huge number of patients suffering from this pathology and its recurrent course.Objective: To create an algorithm for the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter by comparing the efficacy and safety of drug-induced rhythm conversion with amiodarone, propafenone, procainamide, niferidil and electropulse therapy.Material and methods. Heart rate conversion was performed in 299 patients. Amiodarone was used as a drug for therapy in 93 patients, propafenone in 34, procainamide in 52, and niferidil in 50. 70 patients underwent electropulse therapy. A comparative analysis was carried out to establish the effectiveness and safety of heart rate conversion by these methods.Results. The effectiveness of conversion rhythm in atrial fibrillation with the help of electropulse therapy, propafenone, niferidil, procainamide and amiadarone has been established, which is 90,3%, 82,4%, 77,4%, 72,5% and 70.5%, respectively. It was also found that the use of electro-pulse therapy and niferidil, in which sinus rhythm recovery occurs in 94.4% and 78.9%, respectively, against 58.3% and 26.7% of patients receiving procainamide and amiodarone, respectively, is most appropriate for the relief of atrial flutter. Often, when using niferidil, ventricular extrasystole and prolongation of the QT interval during electrography developed in comparison with patients of other groups. Ventricular tachycardia, including the "pirouette" type, sinoatrial blockade, AV blockade of various degrees, were also slightly more often registered in these patients.Conclusions. In order to stop atrial fibrillation, there are no differences between medications, and it is better to perform rhythm conversion with atrial flutter with niferidil or electro-pulse therapy.

Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Echinococcus in Sheep in China From 1983 to 2020

Echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by the larval stage of cestode species that belong to the genus Echinococcus. The infection of hydatid in sheep is very common in China, especially in the northwestern China. Here, we conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis of echinococcosis in sheep in China. Six databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Baidu Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP Chinese Journal Database) were used to retrieve the literatures on echinococcosis in sheep in China from 1983 to 2020, and 74 studies. The random effects model was used in the “meta” package of the R software and the PFT was chosen for rate conversion. The research data were analyzed through subgroup analysis and univariate meta-regression analysis to reveal the factors that lead to research heterogeneity. The combined prevalence of Echinococcus in the selected period was estimated to be 30.9% (192,094/826,406). In the analysis of sampling year, the lowest positive rate was 13.9% (10,296/177,318) after 2011. The highest prevalence of Echinococcus was 51.1% (278/531) in the southwestern China. The highest infection rate in sheep was 20.1% (58,344/597,815) in the liver. The analysis based on age showed that the infection rate of elderly sheep was significantly higher than that in younger animals (P < 0.05). We also evaluated the effects of different geographic and climatic factors on the prevalence of Echinococcus in sheep. The results showed that the prevalence of Echinococcus was higher in high altitude, cold, humid, and high rainfall areas. It is necessary to carry out long-term monitoring and control of echinococcosis, cut off the infection route, and reduce the risk of infection in the high risk areas.

Pyrithione Metal (Cu, Ni, Ru) Complexes as Photo-Catalysts for Styrene Oxide Production

Selective photochemical oxidation of styrene was performed in an active acetonitrile medium, using H2O2 with or without ultraviolet (UV) light radiation. Pyrithione metal complexes (M–Pth: M = Cu(II), Ni(II), Ru(II); Pth = 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide) were used as catalysts. Catalytic testing measurements were done by varying the time, chemical reaction temperature and H2O2 concentration with or without UV energy. Epoxide styrene oxide (SO), benzaldehyde and acetophenone were the major synthesized products. A high batch rate, conversion and selectivity towards SO was shown in the presence of UV. A minor constant formation of CO2 was observed in the stream. Coordinated Ru-based compounds demonstrated the highest process productivity of SO at 60 °C. The effect of the functional alkyl substituent on the ligand Pth, attached to the specific ruthenium(II) centre, decreased the activity of the substance. Ni-Pth selectively yielded benzaldehyde. The stability of the catalysts was examined by applying nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry. Tested metal complexes with pyrithione (M–Pth) exhibited excellent reuse recyclability up to 3 cycles.

Synthesis of a precursor of D-fagomine by immobilized fructose-6-phosphate aldolase

Fructose-6-phosphate aldolase (FSA) is an important enzyme for the C-C bond-forming reactions in organic synthesis. The present work is focused on the synthesis of a precursor of D-fagomine catalyzed by a mutant FSA. The biocatalyst has been immobilized onto several supports: magnetic nanoparticle clusters (mNC), cobalt-chelated agarose (Co-IDA), amino-functionalized agarose (MANA-agarose) and glyoxal-agarose, obtaining a 29.0%, 93.8%, 89.7% and 53.9% of retained activity, respectively. Glyoxal-agarose FSA derivative stood up as the best option for the synthesis of the precursor of D-fagomine due to the high reaction rate, conversion, yield and operational stability achieved. FSA immobilized in glyoxal-agarose could be reused up to 6 reaction cycles reaching a 4-fold improvement in biocatalyst yield compared to the non-immobilized enzyme.

Systematic Review of Laparoscopic versus Robotic Hiatal Hernia Repair

To investigate, the results which contrasted robotic assisted hiatal hernia repair (RA-HHR) against laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair (LPHHR) we conducted a review. The results indicated feasibility and safety associated with the robotic method. The comparison of studies did not reveal variations in mortality and morbidity rate, conversion rate, ICU stay, 1-month mortality, and post-operative complications, quality of life between the RA-HHR cohort and LPHHR cohort.