High Q Dielectric Titanium Tellurite Thick Films on Alumina Substrates for High Frequency Telecommunications

The vital role of high-quality-factor (Q) high-frequency (f) dielectric resonators in the growing microwave telecommunication, satellite broadcasting and intelligent transport systems has long motivated the search for new, small size, and lightweight integrated components and packages, prepared by low cost and sustainable processes. One approach is replacing the currently used bulk ceramic dielectrics by thick films of low-sintering-temperature dielectrics fabricated by affordable processes. Here we demonstrate the fabrication of high-Q TiTe3O8 thick films directly on low loss Al2O3 substrates by electrophoretic deposition using sacrificial carbon layer. Nineteen-micrometre-thick TiTe3O8 films on Al2O3 sintered at 700 °C are found to have a relative permittivity εr of 32 and Q × f > 21,000 GHz. Being thus able to measure and provide for the first time the microwave dielectric properties of these films, our results suggest that TiTe3O8 films on Al2O3 substrates are suitable for microlayer microstrip array applications.

EMC assassement criteria and interference protection for basic radio services in accordance with ITU-R recommendations

The effect of unwanted energy due to one or a combination of several desired and unwanted emissions upon reception in a radio communication system results in performance degradation, misinterpretation or loss of information. Multiple sources of interference may affect the receiver input: services of the same type or other operating in the same frequency band, services operating in adjacent frequency bands, sources generating continuous or short term interferences, fixed or mobile sources, etc. To prevent such interfering situations, a key element is the standardization of appropriate criteria for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and interference protection (IPC). The purpose of the studies and analyzes in this article is to systematize the criteria for electromagnetic compatibility for basic radio services based on the Publications of ITU-R. Criteria for four important areas of radio communications covering fixed, fixed satellite, broadcasting and mobile radio services are compared. Contributions are the categorization of the criteria according to the type of interfering signal and the results of the analyses, which show that the regulatory requirements and practical methods for interference protection and EMC for different radio services differ. Detailed criteria for predicting the probability of interference being standardized only for some radio services.

Introduction of the Advanced Meteorological Imager of Geo-Kompsat-2a: In-Orbit Tests and Performance Validation

Geo-Kompsat-2A (Geostationary-Korean Multi-Purpose SATtellite-2A, GK2A), a new generation of Korean geostationary meteorological satellite, carry state-of-the-art optical sensors with significantly higher radiometric, spectral, and spatial resolution than the Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) previously available in the geostationary orbit. The new Advanced Meteorological Imager (AMI) on GK2A has 16 observation channels, and its spatial resolution is 0.5 or 1 km for visible channels and 2 km for near-infrared and infrared channels. These advantages, when combined with shortened revisit times (around 10 min for full disk and 2 min for sectored regions), provide new levels of capacity for the identification and tracking of rapidly changing weather phenomena and for the derivation of quantitative products. These improvements will bring about unprecedented levels of performance in nowcasting services and short-range weather forecasting systems. Imagery from the satellites is distributed and disseminated to users via multiple paths, including internet services and satellite broadcasting services. In post-launch performance validation, infrared channel calibration is accurate to within 0.2 K with no significant diurnal variation using an approach developed under the Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System framework. Visible and near infrared channels showed unexpected seasonal variations of approximately 5 to 10% using the ray matching method and lunar calibration. Image navigation was accurate to within requirements, 42 µrad (1.5 km), and channel-to-channel registration was also validated. This paper describes the features of the GK2A AMI, GK2A ground segment, and data distribution. Early performance results of AMI during the commissioning period are presented to demonstrate the capabilities and applications of the sensor.

Freedom of Live Satellite Transmission and its Effect on State Sovereignty

Direct broadcasting through satellite raises a great problem if it is freed the information and programs without limits and restrictions, because it carries risks to the sovereignty of the receiving state. These risks caused by broadcasting programs and information that affect the political, social, cultural, economic, and other risks that befall the receiving country. This led to a conflict between the principle of state sovereignty and the principle of freedom of information flow which is the legal basis for freedom of direct satellite broadcasting and also led to the division of states between a supporter of freedom of direct satellite broadcasting and its primacy over the principle of state sovereignty and opposition to it. This research came to shed light on this problem of an attempt to address and resolve this conflict, by presenting the issue of freedom of direct satellite broadcasting and its impact on the sovereignty of the state within the framework of the rules of public international law to clarify the principles and provisions of international agreements and covenants and decisions related to this topic, as well as a preview of Juristic views and the states’ opinion.

Advanced Real-Time Monitoring of Rainfall Using Commercial Satellite Broadcasting Service: A Case Study

Correct regulation of meteoric surface and subsurface flow waters is a fundamental goal for the sustainable development of the territories. A new system, aimed at real-time monitoring of the rainfall and of the cumulated rainfall, is introduced and discussed in the present paper. The system implements a Sensor Network based on the IoT paradigm and can cover safety-critical “hot spots” with a relatively small number of sensors, strategically placed, in areas not covered by traditional weather radars and rain gauges, and lowering the costs of deployment and maintenance with respects to these devices. A real application case, based on the implementation of the pilot plant at the Monte Scarpino landfill (Genoa, Italy), is presented and discussed. The system performances are assessed on the basis of comparisons with data provided by a polarimetric weather radar and by a traditional rain gauge.

THE CURRENT STATE AND TRENDS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL TELE-RADIO BROADCASTING SYSTEMS IN THE WORLD

The object of the research is to make an analysis of the current state of the digital tele-broadcasting systems in the world and the transition trends from analogue to digital systems recommended by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R) for use in this area are considered. Therefore, the current trend of global transition to digital tele-broadcasting is due not only to the lack of a frequency resource, but also to society’s growing demands for up-to-date information, the need to introduce common global standards and systems for broadcasting systems. expansion of digital tele-broadcasting in the context of globalization, as well as the presence of this transmission technology. In this work, he is dedicated to considering the sustainable development trends of digital satellite broadcasting in the world in the phase of migration from analog to digital technologies in this area. In the final part, the results obtained based on the research and analysis made in recommendations and in the ITU-R database are presented.

A Reduced-Size Microstrip Four Poles Hairpin Band-Pass Filter with Multilayer Parallel-Coupled Line for Satellite Broadcasting

Recently, a multilayer structure is very imperative to minimize the size of planar microstrip filters. In the flexible design and incorporation of other microwave components, a multilayer band-pass filter provides another dimension. This paper, therefore, introduces a band-pass filter of 2.52-2.65 GHz for digital broadcast applications using parallel-coupled line (PCL) and multilayer(ML) hairpin resonator. The targeted four-pole resonator has a center frequency of 2.58 GHz with a bandwidth of 130 MHz. The hairpin-line offers compact filter design structures. The proposed configuration of the parallel-coupled line (PCL) resonator is used to design the ML band-pass filter. The FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant (εr) of 4.3 and 1.6 mm thickness was used. Comparison analysis between the simulated insertion loss and the reflection coefficient of substrates RO3003 and FR4 was performed to verify the efficiency of the proposed filter design. Simulation of PCL filter is accomplished using computer simulation technology (CST)and an advanced design system(ADS). The PCL bandpass filter was experimentally validated and good agreement between simulation and measured results were achieved showing a well-measured reflection coefficient. The simulated results of the ML bandpass filter show that the circuit performs well, and the filter size is significantly reduced.