Assessment of Five-Year Vegetation Cover Changes to Support Green Open Spaces Monitoring in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia

Surakarta City's population is growing every year, putting pressure on the land and vegetation. Surakarta City has a population of 500,173 people in 2010. The population of this city is growing every year, driving an increase in the demand for land and living facilities. This study aims to analyze the availability of vegetated land as urban green space, and calculate the 5-year (2010–2015) vegetation cover changes. The methods used visual interpretation and on-screen digitization of the image Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite in 2010 and Landsat 8 OLI satellite image in 2015. The results show that the availability of vegetated land as urban green space in Surakarta City is lower than that mandated in Law Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning. Vegetation cover decreased from 2010 to 2015 in Surakarta City, covering an area of 117.7 ha (2.6% of the city area) or an average of 23.5 ha (0.5%) per year. Research on the availability of green open spaces on a regular basis is expected to be part of the process of monitoring and evaluating urban development and as input for local governments in the decision-making process.

Suitability of Teak Log Quality from Gunung Kidul and Bantul Yogyakarta Community Forest for Export Meubel Purpose

Natural defect or poor log quality are common in community teak forests. Furniture manufacturers typically use these log types for export purposes. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of community teak forest location and teak stand age affect on teak wood quality. Three teak forest locations were Bantul and two locations in Gunung Kidul. The teak stand age class namely 6, 8, and 10 years old. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 with Tukey test. The result showed that brittleness defect, sapwood defect, and different wooden knot defects were significant in all locations, while log straightness defect was found only in Dlingo. Similarly, all teak stand age (6, 8, and 10 years old) also produced the same defects such as brittleness defect, sapwood defect, and wood knot defect, while the straightness defect at the age of 10 years old was different from to other two teak stand age (6 and 8-year-old). Average teak log defects were straightness defect 1.87-3.53%, brittleness defect 1.19–6.21%, sapwood defect 1.49-4.82 cm, and wood knot defect 5.10-11.46 cm. However, the teak log quality still met the SNI 7534.2-2010 and 7535.2-2010 as raw material for exporting furniture.

Morphological diversity of mindi (Melia azedarach) from agroforestry system in North Sumatra, Indonesia

Mindi (Melia azedarach) is a fast-growing woody plant with potential forcommunity forest development. Mindi wood is used to furniture material, parquet, fancy plywood, and fancy laminated veneer, and it is also exported. Although the communityforest in Deli Serdang Regency is established as a seed source for mindi in North Sumatra,information on its diversity is still lacking. The aim of this research was to get informationabout morphological differentiation of mindi in Deli Serdang Regency. Direct observationand measurement on morphological and growth character of mindi had been conducted inthree populations of community forest in Deli Serdang Regency. Those were Percut SeiTuan population, Biru-Biru population, and Pancur Batu population. The result showed thatof 19 observed morphological characters, there were two characters: number of leave andfruit weight able to differentiate the populations—individual tree from three populationclustering into three groups. The first cluster consists of 35 individual trees from Percut SeiTuan (7 trees), Biru-Biru (12 trees), and Pancur Batu (16 trees). The second cluster consistof 24 trees originated from Percut Sei Tuan (13 trees), Biru-Biru (8 trees), and Pancur Batu(3 trees). A third cluster consists of one tree from Pancur Batu.

Utilization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Technology for Mapping Mangrove Ecosystem

Technological developments, especially in remote sensing in mangrove mapping are growing. One of them is the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) as a vehicle for capturing aerial photo data. This study aims to map the mangrove ecosystem in order to find out spatial information with UAV technology and to identify mangrove species, distribution, and associations. The ground survey was conducted on 02 until 04 May 2019 in North of Lancang Island, Seribu Islands, DKI Jakarta Province. The mangrove data collection was carried out in four stations with marking, tracking the mangrove area and drone flights for taking aerial photo data. Based on the research, it was found that the mangroves were in good condition with an area of around 4 hectares, consisting of Rhizophora mucronata. However, there is a lot of waste around the mangrove ecosystem, especially inorganic waste in the form of plastic. Where the presence of garbage can cover the roots of the mangrove so that it can affect respiration and cause death in mangroves. The application of UAV technology that is integrated with GIS in mangrove ecosystem mapping is expected to be an alternative in extracting mangrove databases for future coastal ecosystem management.

Forest Structure of 26-Year-Old Planted Mangroves

The mangrove ecosystem in Bintuni Bay, West Papua, Indonesia has been sustainably managed for more than three decades for timber utilization. Since there are only few mangrove areas that utilized for logging in Indonesia, data on growth and forest structure of post-harvest mangrove forest could become valuable information as a reference for sustainable management on the ecosystem. This study conducted in a permanent plot (1.6 ha) which established and planted in 1994 using 5 dominant and commercial species in Bintuni Bay. Rhizophora apiculata has the best growth compared to other species, while Ceriops tagal experienced the poorest growth. From all trees individual, 24.27% were categorized as multi stem trees with maximum of 8 stems that could be occurred from one single tree and contributed to increase total volume of the stands up to 33%. Bruguiera gymnorhiza has the highest percentage of multi stem trees covering 65.87% of total trees individual. In general, forest structure was not significantly different in various spacing distance. Merchantable volume for 5 planted species at 26-year-old stand was estimated to be 310.99 m3 ha-1 with extractable biomass of 247.08 ton ha-1. Planted mangroves can provide sufficient standing stock for future utilization in managed mangrove forests.

Editorial 2021: Letter from the Board of the Journal of Sylva Indonesiana (JSI)

This letter is a second editorial in the fourth year of Journal of Sylva Indonesiana (JSI)’s establishment. This editorial contains messages from the boards, comprised of a former and a chief editor of this journal, about development of this journal, statistics of the published articles, acknowledgment, and closing remarks. JSI has been accredited by Ministry of Research and Technology, Republic of Indonesia with third rank (Sinta 3) since first volume of the publication. During the development of this journal, 25 scientific articles and 1 editorial have been published with peer-reviewed. Classification according to aim and scope of this journal resulted in study field of sylviculture as the major (20%) of forestry and natural resources theme, while the other fields maintained their relative portion. Acknowledgments have been conveyed to contributors of this journal (authors, reviewers, editors, publishers, and readers). Closing remarks were consisted of condolence news, a glimmer of hope to return a normal post pandemic situation, and of course a wish all contributors a very happy, healthy and successful year of 2021.

The Relatedness of Community Perception with The Actions in Forest Pest Management

Pest attack on the forest can have an impact on the productivity and quality of existing stands (such as reducing average plant growth, decreasing seed germination power, and appearance of forest aesthetics). This study aims to identify the types of pest management and analyze the relationship between perception and community actions in the community forest in Karyasari Village, Leuwiliang District, Bogor Regency. Data collection is done by semi-structured interview, observation and recording of secondary data. The type of pest management carried out by the community uses three pest management techniques, including chemical, mechanical and a mixture of chemical and mechanical. Farmers do not use biological techniques. Mechanical pest management is less used in society compared to chemical management. Many farmers use chemical management techniques with pesticides because they kill pests quickly. In addition, some small farmers use a mixture of chemical and mechanical management. There is a relationship of perception with the characteristics of respondents, such as land area, education and role in society. There is a relationship of action with the characteristics of respondents, such as the role in society, land area, education and employment.

Mapping of Damar Mata Kucing (Shorea javanica) Plus Trees in Repong Damar Penengahan Village, Karya Penggawa Sub District, West Pesisir Regency, Lampung Province

The distribution of seed and plus tree sources of damar mata kucing (Shorea javanica) in Repong Damar village is important to provide good quality of seeds. Currently, the existence of seed source of damar mata kucing is still unknown. Based on these conditions, it is necessary to mapping the seeds source or damar mata kucing plus trees. This study aims to analyze the plus tree map distribution using geographic information systems. This research was conducted using a survey method to determine the coordinates based on the growth location characteristics. Data analysis was performed using geographic information systems. The results showed that there were 24 plus trees (17.5%) of the total population studied and distributed in 3 location, namely east, north and west part. The plus tree distribution is mostly in the eastern part of 58.3%, the northern part is 20.8%, and the western part is 20.8%. The growth location conditions in the eastern part has a slope of 5 - 15%, with an altitude of 41 - 121 m.asl. In the western part it has a slope of 5 - 7%, with an altitude of 40 - 73 masl and the northern part has a slope of 5 - 15%, with an altitude of 35 - 174 masl.

Rainfall Observation and Utilization of Rooter System Technology to Increase Water Infiltration Rate in Urban Area

Increasing and developing infrastructure in urban areas has resulted in decreased water infiltration quality into the ground. The increasing of settlement needs and raising its price has resulted in many water catchment areas changing their function unconsciously in urban areas. This condition was ultimately triggering the loss of opportunities for rainwater to into the ground. At present, when the rainy season arrives, almost all major cities in Indonesia experience flooding. The torrential rains that lasted just 1 hour were enough to cause relatively high inundation, which varied from 30 cm to over 1m. This study aims to analyze the intensity of rainfall and its impact on the potential for flooding in urban areas and how to overcome it by utilizing rooter system technology. The results showed that the 4-way rooter system technology's influence was considerable in reducing the water level. An experimental area of 100 m2 treated with a rooter system of 16 pipes with a water level of 40 cm can infiltrate stagnant water into the soil within 120 minutes. Meanwhile, in the same area without rooter technology, it takes 400 minutes to absorb water into the soil until the stagnant water is completely gone. This proves that the rooter system technology plays a significant role in accelerating water absorption into the ground, reducing the risk of flooding.

Analysis of Regional Regulation Number year 2015 Implementation on Urban Green Space Management in Mataram City

Green open space is an area that has a function as well as a place to grow plants, both those that grow naturally and are planted. One way to improve environmental quality and revitalize urban ecosystems is by managing the Green Open Space. One of the alternatives supporting this effort is to make supportive and applicable policies, laws, and regulations. This research was conducted to examine the implementation of Regional Regulation Number 8 of 2015 regarding Green Open Space Management in Mataram City and to find out planning strategies in optimizing the implementation of applicable policies. The method used in this research is literature study method, interview, and observation. In this study, six criteria are used based on William N. Dunn's theory to analyze policies and SWOT analysis to determine the appropriate management strategy. The policy implementation analysis results show that the implementation of these regional regulations falls into the "medium" category with a score of 2.13. This indicates that several indicators need to be tightened to optimize policies' effectiveness, so it is necessary to revise policies to maximize implementation. Several strategies that can be carried out to maximize the role of stakeholders are disseminating information about the content of local regulations that are applied to all related parties, explaining the programs that will be implemented to create a common understanding for all parties as a whole based on the objectives to be achieved, optimizing local regulations which applies to improve coordination in the implementation of green open space management which aims to maximize the role between agencies to create adequate technical personnel, facilities and infrastructure and synchronize the main tasks and functions of each agency in implementing green open space management to maximize their respective roles.