Deteksi Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan Dan Upaya Penanganannya Pada Bank Perkreditan Rakyat

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memberikan gambaran dalam mendeteksi kecurangan laporan keuangan dengan memperhatikan gejala-gejala (redflags) kecurangan yang muncul serta dapat menjadi masukan pada saat memberikan kebijakan untuk meminimalisir terjadinya fraud pada Bank Perkreditan Rakyat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif yang mengungkapkan karakteristik yang ada pada situs penelitian. Informan meliputi pimpinan cabang dan masing-masing penyelia unit yang berkaitan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gejala-gejala potensial yang timbul meliputi adanya tekanan yang berlebih dari pimpinan, ketidakefektifan pelaksanaan monitoring, minimnya pemisahan tugas, ketidakpuasaan terhadap pekerjaan yang dimiliki saat ini, perubahan perilaku dan gaya hidup. Hasil temuan redflags kemudian dikeroleasikan dengan teori segitiga kecurangan dan disimpulkan bahwa faktor peluang merupakan faktor yang paling butuh perhatian khusus. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk meminimalisir terjadinya kecurangan dilakukan dengan 2 cara yakni upaya preventif (menjadikan budaya organisasi yang jujur dan meningkatkan kualitas pengendalian internal) serta melakukan upaya represif (memberikan sanksi sesuai peraturan yang berlaku). This study was conducted with the aim of providing an overview in detecting fraudulent financial reports by paying attention to the fraud red flags symptomps that appear and can be used as input when providing policies to minimize the occurrence of fraud in Rural Banks. Informants include branch leaders and each related unit supervisor. This study uses primary data with descriptive qualitative research methods. The results showed that the potential symptoms that arise include changes in behavior and lifestyle, ineffective monitoring implementation, lack of segregation of duties, dissatisfaction with the current job. The findings of red flags were then correlated with the fraud triangle theory and concluded that the opportunity factor is the factor that most needs special attention. Efforts that is used to minimize the occurrence of fraud were done in 2 ways, preventive efforts such as creating an honest organizational culture and improving the quality of internal control. and the repressive efforts be like giving punishment according to applicable regulations.

The Dark Side of Environmental Sustainability in Projects: Unraveling Greenwashing Behaviors

Greenwashing behaviors (GWBs) are positive environmental communications in combination with poor environmental performance. Using fraud triangle theory, this study investigated the effects of three types of factors (pressures, opportunities, and rationalizations) that shape contractor GWBs. Primary data from 586 respondents were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The SEM results indicate positive effects for these factors with the exception of isomorphic pressures and reveal the mediating role of rationalization. The fsQCA results present three configurational models that trigger GWBs. Theoretical and managerial implications are provided that shed new light on facilitating environmental sustainability in projects.

INTERPRETATION OF THE SIGNS IN THE TRADITION OF MA’BACA-BACA AMONG THE MUSLIM SOCIETY OF BUGIS BONE

This research aims to explain the signs contained in the tradition of ma'baca-baca among the Muslim society of Bugis Bone and the meaning of the signs. The research problems consist of: 1) What are the signs found in the tradition of ma'baca-baca among the Muslim society of Bugis Bone; 2) What is the meaning of the signs that exist in the tradition of ma'baca-baca among the Muslim society of Bugis Bone. To analyze these problems, the theory used is the semiotic theory of Charless Sanders Peirce, which proposes a triangle theory of meaning, linking three aspects which are the main elements, namely representamen (sign), object, and interpretant. And assisted by Bronislaw Malinowski's theory of cultural functionalism. While the research method used is a qualitative descriptive method, namely the techniques of observation, interviews, and documentation. This study resulted in the following conclusions; 1) There are 5 verbal signs and there are 18 nonverbal signs in the tradition of ma’baca-baca among Muslim society of Bugis Bone, 2) All signs contained in the tradition of ma'baca-baca have their own meanings that are interpreted and believed by the local society.

An Investigation into Contract Cheating in Tertiary Education, and How to Combat the Problem in a United Arab Emirates Context

This review article investigated the pervasive problem that contract cheating presents in higher education in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and aimed to discover whether a solution could be found to combat the growing use of essay mills among students in the region. This literature review aimed to answer the following research questions; why do students use essay mills? Is current university student academic support adequate to facilitate branch campus learning at a level equivalent to a home campus? What methods can international branch campuses in the UAE employ to discourage the use of essay mills? What type and levels of services can universities provide in the future that better support students and stop them from becoming potential essay mill users? The point of the research was to find a means by which students can be dissuaded from using contract cheating sites by becoming so well-supported, and so aware of the threat that contract cheating poses to the value of their degree, that essay mills become a much less attractive option. The study began with a look into the possible circumstances that lead a student to cheat, which includes exploring the fraud triangle theory, the peer behaviour theory, the planned behaviour theory, and the subsequent methodology used. The study found a variety of reasons students cheat, citing laziness, a lack of ability or adequate depth of academic vocabulary in a second language learner, peer pressure, that it is so easy and convenient to use such sites, and the fact that there is a promise of plagiarism free work with a click of a mouse and simple financial transaction (Clarke & Lancaster, 2013). Furthermore, online contract cheating presents a significant challenge for higher education institutes to keep a check on standards and quality assurance. Many teachers are either unaware of or simply afraid to follow up on instances of contract cheating for fear of recriminations in the form of poor feedback or possible student dropout rates.

The effects of Electronic Salary Paying Voucher System on Undeserved Salary Compensation of Employees within Ghana Education Service

Ghana Education Service is believed to be the department with the highest level of undeserved compensations and other related payroll fraud. This is because the Auditor General Report (2018) noted that Ghana Education Service is the common department for the menace of Salary Grade Mismatches which included some 1,200 employees across board. This paper is born with the purpose of Assessing the Impact of the E-Salary Payment Voucher system and Payroll Headcounts/Audits in the elimination of Unauthorized Compensations in the two Kasena-Nankana Districts of Upper East Region of Ghana. Research questions for the study focused on the relationship between undeserved compensations which is the dependent variable and the independent variables include; payroll audits and the E-Salary Payment Voucher system. This study employed the fraud triangle theory as the basis for its experiment. The study also utilized the non-probability quota sampling method to select 102 users of the E-SPV system for a cross sectional survey in Ghana Education Service. Significant findings of the study include, validators or users of the E-SPV system are partly mandated to protect the public purse and hence the power to allow the prevalence of undeserved compensations is also in their hands. Recommendations emanating from the study seek to unpin that there should be an annual system audit of the Electronic Salary Payment Voucher at various management units to ensure that it reflects the true and fair view of the compensations given to staff at various cost centers in Ghana Education Service.

Fraud triangle, misuse of information technology and student integrity toward the academic cheating of UM student during the pandemic Covid-19

There are many forms of academic cheating that occur among students, especially the practice of cheating. There are many factors that encourage students' academic cheating practices, especially with the aim of getting a targeted high score. Therefore, the researcher tries to find out the factors that influence the actions of academic cheating among students by referring to the fraud triangle theory which is relevant to the theme of this research. The variables observed in this study were: pressure (X1), opportunity (X2), rationalization (X3), misuse of information technology (X4), and student integrity (X5) as independent variables (independent), while the dependent variable (dependent) used behavior academic cheating on students (Y). This study used an instrument in the form of an open questionnaire with a Likert scale. The population that took as many as 500 accounting students, UM, and samples collected as many as 30 samples that have been filtered according to the criteria (purposive sampling). Analysis of the data used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that simultaneously, the variables of pressure, opportunity, rationalization, misuse of information technology, and student integrity have an influence on student academic fraud. The partial test shows that only the misuse of information technology has an effect on academic cheating of accounting students, ME, while the other variables have no significant effect. This is because when students learn online during the Covid-19 pandemic, they are able to take advantage of technological sophistication in this globalization era, especially in the current industry 4.0 era to carry out academic cheating actions that are oriented towards targeted values (GPA).

Understanding the fraud theories and advancing with integrity model

Purpose The fraud landscape talks about the existence of fraudulent activities and can be assessed with the help of fraud literature. Taking this into consideration, this paper qualitatively revisits the famous fraud triangle theory developed by Donald R. Cressey (1950) which is the most traditional theory to detect a fraud. This paper aims to discuss various fraud models that have been extensions to fraud triangle theory and reviews the factors that drive a corporate fraud. This study is divided into two phases. The first phases discuss the various theories which have been developed to detect and prevent corporate frauds in organisations, and in the second phase the authors recognize “integrity” as a new extension to the basic fraud theory. The integrity model has been introduced as “fraud square” contributing to the development of fraud theory. Integrity plays a very important role in detecting corporate frauds, and this paper will act as a theoretical benchmark for future references. The implication of this study would help future researchers, academicians and practitioners to understand the fourth element of the fraud theory and would help improve the professional standards of organisations and regulators. Design/methodology/approach This paper revisits the literature in detail and reviews the most acknowledged models to explain “why people commit frauds” – the fraud triangle, fraud scale, the fraud diamond, the ABC model, the MICE model and the SCORE model. The authors contend that the traditional models need to be modernized to acclimate to the current developments in the rapidly increasing fraud incidents, both in occurrence and seriousness. Additionally, this paper builds on theoretical background to generate new model so as to improve the understanding behind the major factors which lead to commitment of frauds. Findings The authors identify a major element – integrity – in the research. As per ACFE 2020, “There are more than 3.3 billion people in the global workforce, half of them takes illegal use of gains from the organisation and some are discipled with integrity who does not cause any harm to the organisation.” To prevent fraud, integrity plays a very important role in organisations (Bakri et al., 2017). It has been found that individuals with less integrity are basically specified to a greater level of mismanagement. The organisations that have worked with integrity will improve performance at work and will always promote the best employees to work with less supervision. Originality/value This paper develops the integrity model to contribute to the development of fraud theory by identifying the key factors that play a major role in whether fraud will actually occur and acting as a theoretical benchmark for all future reference.

Examining the predictors of fraud in state-owned enterprises: an application of the fraud triangle theory

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the views of employees on the motives behind frequently reported fraudulent activities at the workplace. Using the fraud triangle theory (FTT) as the theoretical lens, the study examines the effect of pressure, opportunity and rationalization on fraudulent acts by employees at the workplace. Design/methodology/approach The study follows a correlational quantitative approach using questionnaires as the main data collection tool. A total of 243 valid responses from employees working in different state-owned enterprises in Ghana were used in the empirical analysis. The hypothesized relationships of the study were tested using the partial least square-structural equation modelling technique. Findings The results from the structural analysis showed that pressure, rationalization and opportunity are important in explaining why employees engage in fraudulent activities at the workplace. Originality/value The findings do not only provide empirical support for the applicability of the FTT in the Ghanaian context but most importantly offer some useful insights into the fraud discourse from the public sector workers’ perspective.

Integrated thinking, earnings manipulation and value creation: Malaysian empirical evidence

PurposePrior literature proposes that integrated reporting (IR) drives integrated thinking (IT), enabling an organisation to create value for stakeholders in both quantitative (economic performance) and qualitative manners (beyond financially-oriented information). Fraud triangle theory also predicts that earnings manipulation may also affect the creation of value. Thus, this study seeks to provide empirical evidence on the relationship between IT, earnings manipulation and value creation.Design/methodology/approachThis data sample comprises of 497 observations from 2014 to 2018 of the top 100 market capitalisation of Malaysian public listed companies (PLCs) in Bursa Malaysia. This study used an index score for IT variable and Beneish’s M-score as a proxy to detect earnings manipulations and to classify the companies into non-manipulators and manipulator companies. Value creation measurements consist of four variables under shareholder's value creation and one variable represents value creation through innovation.FindingsThe findings show that IT is significantly related to value creation, whereas earnings manipulation had no significant relationship with value creation except for value creation measured using Tobin's Q ratio. The alarming finding is that a fraud predictor, namely earning manipulation, measured by Beneish-M, is not a predictor of whether companies are creating better or less value.Originality/valueThis study is among the early literature that provides empirical evidence of the relationship between IT and value creation. Furthermore, this paper adds to look at the association of earning manipulation and value creation.

Fraud Diamond Theory in Detecting Financial Reporting Manipulation: A Case of Mining Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

Forensic accounting helps auditor in collecting information while conducting necessary assessment to discover fraud practice. One popular theory in the field is the fraud diamond theory. This study implements the theory to detect the existence of financial statement fraud on mining sector in Indonesia. The diamond fraud model as the enhancement of the triangle theory of fraud concerns budget priorities, financial stability, inefficient monitoring, adjustments to the auditor and changes to the manager. As a dependent variable, financial statement manipulation funded by income control is used. The sampling of 9 companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in the mining sector in 2017-2019 was chosen using purposeful sampling methods, resulting in 27 data observations. The data testing was performed by a multi-linear regression method. This study showed that financial targets and financial stability affect the occurrence of fraud in financial reports. Simultaneously, insufficient monitoring, auditing and change of the director have no impact on the financial statements.