Introducing a two temperature plasma ignition in inertial confined targets under the effect of relativistic shock waves: The case of DT and pB11

A criterion for a two temperature plasma nuclear fusion ignition is derived by using a common model. In particular, deuterium-tritium (DT) and proton–boron11 (pB11) are considered for pre-compressed plasma. The ignition criterion is described by a surface in the three-dimensional space defined by the electron and ion temperatures Te, Ti, and the plasma density times the hot spot dimension, ρ·R. The appropriate fusion ion temperatures Ti are larger than 10 keV for DT and 150 keV for pB11. The required value of ρ·R for pB11 ignition is larger by a factor of 50 or more than for DT, depending on the electron temperature. Furthermore, our ignition criterion obtained here for pB11 fusion is practically impossible for equal electron and ion temperatures. In this paper it is suggested to use a two temperature laser induced shock wave in the intermediate domain between relativistic and non-relativistic shock waves. The laser parameters required for fast ignition are calculated. In particular, we find that for DT case one needs a 3 kJ/1 ps laser to ignite a pre-compressed target at about 600 g/cm3. For pB11 ignition it is necessary to use more than three orders of magnitude of laser energy for the same laser pulse duration.

An Assessment of Supercritical Hydrothermal Combustion (SCHC) for Organic Wastes Destruction

The supercritical hydrothermal combustion (SCHC) accompanied by visible hydrothermal flame in supercritical water completely differs from conventional combustion, which represents more prominent comprehensive technical advantages in organic wastes destruction, comparing with wet-air oxidation, incineration and flameless SCWO. This paper reviews the existing SCHC reactors, which can be used for studying the ignition and extinction characteristics of various fuels, and also shows their effectiveness for the pollutant disposal and potential optimization directions. To date, the ignition and extinction temperatures of isopropyl alcohol, methanol and ethanol have been investigated broadly, however it is still necessary to further explore the ignition mechanism from micro perspective and build up proper ignition criterion models for hydrothermal flame. In addition, further research on the migration and conversion rules of various recalcitrant compounds such as phenol, ammonia, and so on during SCHC process is also of great significance.