scholarly journals Novel approaches to the treatment of cervical dystonia. The concept of dual navigation control

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
A. P. Kovalenko ◽  
Z. A. Zalyalova ◽  
A. F. Ivolgin
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Emg Signal ◽  
The Us ◽  
Accurate Treatment ◽  
Navigation Equipment ◽  
First Time ◽  
Navigation Method ◽  
Comparative Activity

Сervical dystonia (CD) is the most common type of focal dystonia (up to 50% of all dystonia cases). Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections is the treatment choice for CD. However, the effectiveness and tolerability of botulinum therapy in CD depends on the correct choice of target muscles and the accuracy of the BoNT injection. The publication presents literature data and our own clinical experience regarding the use of navigation in BoNT injections in CD.According to the majority of authors, the use of navigation equipment, such as ultrasound (US) and electromyography (EMG), definitely increases the effectiveness of CD treatment and reduces the likelihood of adverse events. For the first time, an algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of CD is proposed, based on the use of the method of «double- (EMG and US) guided navigation», a variant for determining the comparative activity of muscles by the intensity of the EMG signal and the design of an individual «passport» of the CD. The possibilities of analyzing the US of muscles, drawing up an accurate treatment regimen, targeted administration of BoNT, and using a non-injectable EMG electrode are shown. We present 4 clinical cases demonstrating the advantages of the double- (EMG+US) guided navigation method over the EMG-guided navigation for injection. The proposed algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of CD makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of treatment, optimize the costs of BoNT and diagnostic equipment (injection EMG needle).

A University Education

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Willetts
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
University Education ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Universities have a crucial role in the modern world. In England, entrance to universities is by nation-wide competition which means English universities have an exceptional influence on schools--a striking theme of the book. This important book first investigates the university as an institution and then tracks the individual on their journey to and through university. In A University Education, David Willetts presents a compelling case for the ongoing importance of the university, both as one of the great institutions of modern society and as a transformational experience for the individual. The book also makes illuminating comparisons with higher education in other countries, especially the US and Germany. Drawing on his experience as UK Minister for Universities and Science from 2010 to 2014, the author offers a powerful account of the value of higher education and the case for more expansion. He covers controversial issues in which he was involved from access for disadvantaged students to the introduction of L9,000 fees. The final section addresses some of the big questions for the future, such as the the relationship between universities and business, especially in promoting innovation.. He argues that the two great contemporary trends of globalisation and technological innovation will both change the university significantly. This is an authoritative account of English universities setting them for the first time in their new legal and regulatory framework.

The Relationship Between City “Greenness” and Homicide in the US: Evidence Over a 30-Year Period

2021 ◽  
pp. 001391652110450
Author(s):  
Jonnell C. Sanciangco ◽  
Gregory D. Breetzke ◽  
Zihan Lin ◽  
Yuhao Wang ◽  
Kimberly A. Clevenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
P Value ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Violence Reduction ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Longitudinal Effects ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
First Time ◽  
Us Cities

Residents in US cities are exposed to high levels of stress and violent crime. At the same time, a number of cities have put forward “greening” efforts which may promote nature’s calming effects and reduce stressful stimuli. Previous research has shown that greening may lower aggressive behaviors and violent crime. In this study we examined, for the first time, the longitudinal effects over a 30-year period of average city greenness on homicide rates across 290 major cities in the US, using multilevel linear growth curve modeling. Overall, homicide rates in US cities decreased over this time-period (52.1–33.5 per 100,000 population) while the average greenness increased slightly (0.41–0.43 NDVI). Change in average city greenness was negatively associated with homicide, controlling for a range of variables (β = −.30, p-value = .02). The results of this study suggest that efforts to increase urban greenness may have small but significant violence-reduction benefits.

scholarly journals Burkholderia species in human infections in Mexico: Identification of B. cepacia, B. contaminans, B. multivorans, B. vietnamiensis,B. pseudomallei and a new Burkholderia species

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0009541
Author(s):  
Georgina Meza-Radilla ◽  
Violeta Larios-Serrato ◽  
Rigoberto Hernández-Castro ◽  
J. Antonio Ibarra ◽  
Paulina Estrada-de los Santos
Keyword(s):  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Burkholderia Species ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Accurate Treatment ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
First Time

Background Burkholderia sensu stricto is comprised mainly of opportunistic pathogens. This group is widely distributed in the environment but is especially important in clinical settings. In Mexico, few species have been correctly identified among patients, most often B. cepacia is described. Methodology/Principal findings In this study, approximately 90 strains identified as B. cepacia with the VITEK2 system were isolated from two medical centers in Mexico City and analyzed by MLSA, BOX-PCR and genome analysis. The initial identification of B. cepacia was confirmed for many strains, but B. contaminans, B. multivorans and B. vietnamiensis were also identified among clinical strains for the first time in hospitals in Mexico. Additionally, the presence of B. pseudomallei was confirmed, and a novel species within the B. cepacia complex was documented. Several strains misidentified as B. cepacia actually belong to the genera Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas and Providencia. Conclusions/Significance The presence of different Burkholderia species in Mexico was confirmed. Correct identification of Burkholderia species is important to provide accurate treatment for immunosuppressed patients.

scholarly journals Botulism (type A) in a horse - case report

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevim Kasap ◽  
Hasan Batmaz ◽  
Meric Kocaturk ◽  
Frank Gessler ◽  
Serkan Catık ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Type A ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Thoroughbred Horse ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxins ◽  
First Time ◽  
Colonic Content

This paper presents the case of a six year-old, male, thoroughbred horse with clinical signs of inappetence, weakness, and incoordination when walking. Clinical examination showed that the horse staggered and leaned to the left side. Feedstuff was present inside and around its mouth. Salivation was increased and there was no reflex at the palpebrae and tongue. The horse had difficulty swallowing and the tone of its tail was reduced. Botulism was diagnosed based on the clinical signs. Antibiotic (ceftiofur) and fluid-electrolyte treatment was commenced. Next day, neostigmin was added to the horse’s treatment, and it became recumbent. The horse’s palpebral, tongue and tail reflexes returned partially after neostigmine methylsulphate treatment on the same day and it stood up on day four. However, it could not swallow anything during the whole week, so after getting permission from the owner, the horse was euthanized on day 10. Samples of the colonic content and blood serum were sent by courier to the laboratory for toxin neutralization, however, botulinum neurotoxins could not be detected. After that, serum samples from days 6 and 10 were sent to another laboratory for testing for botulinum neurotoxin antibodies by ELISA. Specific antibodies against botulinum neurotoxin type A were measured, indicating a previous, immuno-relevant contact with the toxin. This seroconversion for type A supports the clinical botulism diagnosis. Type A botulism is rarely seen in Europe and has been detected in a horse in Turkey for the first time.

scholarly journals A place too crowded to study: The impact of student cohort growth on the probability of university dropout

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-212
Author(s):  
Andrea Diem ◽  
Stefan C. Wolter
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
University System ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
The Us ◽  
University Dropout ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Course Of Study

Introduction: This study examines the influence of major fluctuations in the number of students enrolling at university on the probability of dropout or a switch to a different course of study. Findings from the US show that a pronounced increase in student numbers leads to more dropouts. Materials and methods: This article provides an analysis of this relationship for the first time outside the US and for an entire university system. We use administrative data for all the students who started studying at Swiss universities between 1980 and 2001. Results: The results suggest a significant relationship between positive cohort growth and the probability of dropout. A reduction in student numbers, on the other hand, does not increase the probability of persistence. Discussion: Despite the negative influence of a big cohort on the probability of persistence, no statistically significant relationship exists, by contrast, between the change in student numbers and the probability of a student switching to a different course of study.

scholarly journals Istanbul 2007

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gönül Dönmez-Colin
Keyword(s):  
International Competition ◽  
Film Festival ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

ISTANBUL INTERNATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL Istanbul International Film Festival (31 March-15 April 2007) celebrated its 26th birthday this spring with more than 200 films from around the world. This year, for the first time in its history, the festival opened with a film by a Turkish director, Ferzan Özpetek although the Italian production Saturn Opposite about depressed 40-year olds nostalgic about their youth, featuring some of the well-known actors of Italy could hardly be considered a Turkish film. The closing film was the US production, The Good German by Steven Soderbergh featuring George Clooney and Cate Blanchett. The films that compete for the Golden Tulip award are chosen for their relation to art and the artist or are adaptations from literary works. The fact that Istanbul takes place shortly before Cannes makes it rather difficult to find quality films for the International Competition, which had not been previously screened elsewhere....

scholarly journals Analysis of Clinical Characteristics of 19 Patients with Endophthalmitis Caused by Liver Abscess

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
guangsen liu ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Lei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Endogenous Endophthalmitis ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Poor Vision ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Abstract Objective: To analyze the clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of endophthalmitis caused by a liver abscess.Methods: All cases of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by a liver abscess in our hospital in the past 7 years were analyzed retrospectively. The data collected included age, sex, history of diabetes, initial and final vision, pathogen, course of the disease, treatment, and prognosis.Results: 21 eyes of 19 patients were complicated with liver abscess. The average age was 55.9 ±9.8 years old, including 10 males (52.6%) and 9 females (44.4%), 13 patients complicated with diabetes (71.4%), 14 patients (66.7%) first went to the ophthalmology department for diagnosis and treatment and 5 with hepatobiliary surgery (33.3%). 14 patients had a fever before onset, with an average fever time of 5.8 days. Before treatment, the duration of ocular symptoms was 7.71 ±6.68 days, 5.71 ±1.25 days for patients who go to ophthalmology for diagnosis and treatment for the first time, and 12.2 ±3.58 days for patients who go to other departments. After treatment, the average visual acuity of 21 eyes was 0.013, and the average best-corrected visual acuity was 0.79. In the 21 eyes, vitreous fluid culture was positive in 7 eyes (33.3%), all of which were Klebsiella pneumonia. Among the 14 patients with fever during hospitalization, 5 cases were positive for blood microbial culture, all of which were Klebsiella pneumonia. After vitrectomy, the average visual acuity was improved by 4.90 ±2.47 letters and that of patients without vitrectomy was-0.25±0.16letters. The visual acuity of patients who underwent postoperative visual was significantly better than that of patients without postoperative visual (P＜0.096). The visual acuity of patients without vitrectomy was significantly higher than that of patients without vitrectomy (P ＜0.01). 3 eyes (33.3%) of 9 eyes in the IVI group were removed because of uncontrolled inflammation, and 1 eye of 12 eyes in the PPV group was removed because of inflammation recurrence.Conclusion: The prognosis of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by liver abscess is generally poor, but early treatment can save part of the vision. The first visit non-ophthalmology department will delay the early diagnosis of the disease. Diabetes is an important risk factor for endogenous endophthalmitis and poor vision in patients with liver abscess. Klebsiella pneumonia is the main pathogen of intraocular infection. Vitrectomy combined with vitreous injection of antibiotics can improve the prognosis. A systematic and thorough treatment of a liver abscess is of great significance to prevent the recurrence of endophthalmitis in a liver abscess.

Paris Embraces Modern Art – But Not in Court: Opinion on the Cour d’Appel de Paris Decision – Jeff Koons v Franck Davidovici

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Sutterer
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Traditional Notion ◽  
The Us ◽  
Exceptions And Limitations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
Jeff Koons ◽  
Court Of Appeal

Abstract In February 2021 the Paris Court of Appeal (Cour d’appel de Paris) rendered a decision against the US artist Jeff Koons, holding that he had infringed copyright relating to an advertisement photography that was more than 30 years old. Jeff Koons is famous for his Neo-pop Appropriation art – kitsch for some, a provocative breach with the traditional notion of art for others. It was not the first time Koons has had to defend his work in court. The French decision is particularly interesting, however, as it shows a very narrow understanding of the copyright exceptions. It is an illustrative example of the issues resulting from CJEU’s approach in Pelham, Spiegel Online and Funke Medien, where the Court held that once the recognisability of original elements has been established, the only way out of the infringement leads through the formal exceptions and limitations of the InfoSoc Directive. Based on the decision, I will reflect on the openness of copyright for art-specific forms of referencing and in particular analyse the subject matter and scope of the parody exception and contrast it with less formal approaches to consider new creative elements. I will also analyse the question of applicable law in internet cases.

The Colossus Rebuild

Colossus ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Sale
Keyword(s):  
National Archive ◽  
Science Museum ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Post Office ◽  
Freedom Of Information Act ◽  
Cad System ◽  
The Us ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World ◽  
Original Construction

In 1991, some colleagues and I started the campaign to save Bletchley Park from demolition by property developers. At this time I was working at the Science Museum in London restoring some early British computers. I believed it would be possible to rebuild Colossus, but nobody else believed me. In 1993, I gathered together all the information available. This amounted to no more than eight 1945 wartime photographs of Colossus (some of which are printed in this book), plus brief descriptions by Flowers, Coombs, and Chandler, and—crucially—circuit diagrams which some engineers had kept, quite illegally, as engineers always do! I spent nine months poring over the wartime photographs, using a sophisticated modern CAD system on my PC to recreate machine drawings of the racks. I found that, fortunately, sufficient wartime valves were still available, as were various pieces of Post Office equipment used in the original construction. In July 1994, His Royal Highness the Duke of Kent opened the Bletchley Park Museum and inaugurated the Colossus rebuild project. At that time I had not managed to obtain any sponsorship for the project, so my wife Margaret and I decided to put our own money into it, to get it started. We both felt that if the effort was not made immediately there would be nobody still alive to help us with memories of Colossus. Over the next few years various private sponsors came to our aid and some current and retired Post Office and radio engineers formed the team that helped me in the rebuild. In 1995, the American National Security Agency was forced by application of the Freedom of Information Act to release about 5000 Second World War documents into the US National Archive. A list of these documents was put onto the Internet. When I read it I was amazed to see titles like ‘The Cryptographic Attack on FISH’. I obtained copies of these documents and found that they were invaluable reports written by American servicemen seconded to Bletchley Park when America entered the war. I was also fortunate enough to be given access to the then still classified General Report on Tunny (parts of which are published for the first time in this book).

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