The Subscript View

Pluralism about personal identity has been understudied and underdeveloped in the literature. It merits greater attention, especially in light of recent work by philosophers and psychologists, which illuminates the great number of our evaluative practices that presuppose personal identity. It is unlikely that traditional monistic approaches to personal identity can ground or explain all of these practices and concerns. If philosophical theories are taken to be saying anything about the commonsense conception of personal identity, then this empirical work ought to be taken seriously. Chapter 5 proposes the author’s own pluralist account of personal identity—the Subscript View. On this view, there typically exist (at least) two individuals whenever it was once thought there was only one, a psychological individual (selfp) and a biological individual (selfb). According to Tierney, the Subscript View can better account for many identity-related practical concerns than traditional monistic approaches to persistence.

Exploding Individuals: Engaging Indigenous Logic and Decolonizing Science

Despite emerging attention to Indigenous philosophies both within and outside of feminism, Indigenous logics remain relatively underexplored and underappreciated. By amplifying the voices of recent Indigenous philosophies and literatures, I seek to demonstrate that Indigenous logic is a crucial aspect of Indigenous resurgence as well as political and ethical resistance. Indigenous philosophies provide alternatives to the colonial, masculinist tendencies of classical logic in the form of paraconsistent—many-valued—logics. Specifically, when Indigenous logics embrace the possibility of true contradictions, they highlight aspects of the world rejected and ignored by classical logic and inspire a relational, decolonial imaginary. To demonstrate this, I look to biology, from which Indigenous logics are often explicitly excluded, and consider one problem that would benefit from an Indigenous, paraconsistent analysis: that of the biological individual. This article is an effort to expand the arenas in which allied feminists can responsibly take up and deploy these decolonial logics.

Arthur Schopenhauer and the Current Conception of the Origin of Species: What Did the Philosopher Anticipate?

Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) was deeply influenced by Plato and conceived each species as an Idea, whose shape is essentially and permanently predetermined. He rejected Lamarck’s proposal of organ’s use/disuse as a source of evolution, but he was close to the orthogenetic movement that developed after his death. The philosopher did not conceive biological individual variability as a source for evolution, mathematical population analysis, and gradual evolution; he even imagined an ultra-rapid saltatory model in “higher forms.” Moreover, he conceived a metaphysically based coupling among all phenomena which resembles the contemporary model of natural drift of evolution. Hence, Schopenhauer did not strictly anticipate Darwin’s model of natural selection. However, he expressed in his own words competition and struggle for life. The philosopher thus anticipated more the orthogenesis and natural drift and less the Darwinian’s mechanisms of evolution than what is generally alleged. His work is a valuable philosophical source in the contemporary search for a new synthesis in evolutionary thought.

The Emergence of Persons Great and Small

This chapter turns specifically to the question of personhood, offering an emergent ontology of human persons at both the biological and psychological levels. These “individuals” prove to be internally composite and externally open to further combination. The discussion then moves to consider these “external” combinations. In somatic terms, this involves discussion of biology’s history of determining the biological “individual,” and the discussion of “superorganisms” that blur the distinction between parts and wholes. Various theories of “group mind” are evaluated in order to consider the relevance of the presence of group cognition in identifying the emergence of “persons” at higher levels of complexity. The hypothesis is presented that Sin should be understood as a mythological person—a superorganism with a group mind—supervening on the transgressions of individual human persons and sinful social systems.

The sociology of physician: between ideal and real - experience of XX century. Part II. To the foundation of theory of sociology of physician (a review)

The experience of expired century was used as a basis of presenting certain philosophical and sociological foundations of sociology of physician. The main methodological defects of comprehension of the system “physician-patient” are revealed. The particular methodological aspects of status position of physician in social space are exposed. The original structure of status of physician is proposed as oneness of one's social (personality) and biological (individual) aspects. The absolute and relative differences of status of physician from other social units are described.

Digestion, Habit, and Being at Home: Hegel and the Gut as Ambiguous Other

Recent work in the philosophy of biology argues that we must rethink the biological individual beyond the boundary of the species, given that a key part of our essential functioning is carried out by the bacteria in our intestines in a way that challenges any strictly genetic account of what is involved for the biological human. The gut is a kind of ambiguous other within our understanding of ourselves, particularly when we also consider the status of gastro-intestinal disorders. Hegel offers us theoretical tools to describe and understand our relationship to our gut. His description of our selves as continually mediated through otherness is strikingly compatible with the kind of structure contemporary biology presents us with. His accounts of digestion and habit, contextualized by his logic, help point toward an understanding of selfhood as porous and yet still capable of being sufficiently unified for us to make sense of ourselves, one which allows us to acknowledge otherness within us while still having enough unity for agency.

Percepção do enfermeiro sobre a importância e a aplicabilidade do cuidado humanizado em UTI

Com o advento da globalização e o acelerado processo técnico científico no âmbito hospitalar, observa-se que os profissionais de enfermagem tornam-se cada vez mais especializados num determinado assunto. Os centros de saúde formam cada vez mais profissionais com uma visão biologicista, individual e técnica, voltada apenas ao tratamento da patologia. Os pacientes se deparam com profissionais extremamente mecanicistas e robotizados em suas atividades diárias. Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar qual a percepção do enfermeiro sobre a importância e a aplicabilidade da humanização em um ambiente de unidade de terapia intensiva. O método utilizado para tecer este estudo foi através de pesquisa bibliográfica descritiva e analítica. Concluo que a Enfermagem deve resgatar a essência da profissão e não ficar apenas preocupado com problemas burocráticos, estruturais e técnicos que envolvem seu dia a dia, pois por trás de uma patologia existe um ser humano que é dotado de sentimentos e valores.Descritores: Humanização, Enfermeiro, Cuidado Humanizado.Perceptions of nurses about the importance and applicability of humanized care in ICUAbstract: With the advent of globalization and accelerated scientific technical in the hospital, it was observed that nurses become increasingly specialized in a particular subject. The health centers make more professionals with a vision biological, individual, technical, focused only on treating the disease. Patients are faced with extremely professional mechanical and robotic in their daily activities. This work aims to investigate the perception of nurses about the importance and applicability of a humane environment of the intensive care unit. The method used to weave this study was based on bibliographic descriptive and analytical. I conclude that nursing must rescue the essence of the profession and not just be concerned with bureaucratic problems, structural and technical involving their day to day, because behind a pathology is a human being who is endowed with feelings and values.Descriptors: Humanization, Nurse, Humanized Care.Percepción del enfermero acerca de la importancia y la aplicabilidad del cuidado humanizado en Unidad de Cuidados IntensivosResumen: Con el advenimiento de la globalización y el rápido proceso tecnico científico en el ambiente hospitalar, se ha observado que los profesionales de enfermería se vuelven cada vez más especializados en un determinado tema. Los centros de salud forman cada vez más profesionales con una visión del punto de vista biológico, individualizado y técnico, direccionado solamente al tratamiento de la patología. Los pacientes se enfrentan con profesionales extremamente mecanicistas en sus actividades diarias. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo investigar cual es la percepción del enfermero acerca de la importancia y la aplicabilidad de la humanización en un sector de terapia intensiva. El método utilizado para hacer dicha investigación fue a través de investigación bibliográfica descriptiva y analítica. Concluyo que la enfermería debe rescatar la esencia de la profesión y no preocuparse solamente con los problemas buracráticos, estructurales y técnicos que involucran su día a día, pues además de una enfermedad existe un ser humano que es dotado de sentimientos y valores.Descriptores: Humanización, Enfermero, Cuidado Humanizado.