Education and the task of deconstructing the history of ontology

Throughout the history of Ontology, the comprehension of Being has often deviated from its original path and taken different directions. What are the consequences of this detour when it comes to the current conception about the phenomenon we call Education? From the Fundamental Ontology of Martin Heidegger until the considerations of other contemporary thinkers, this article proposes an involvement and commitment regarding the task of deconstructing the history of Ontology in order to enable an approach that unveils the most original essence of Education as παιδεία. This is the challenge that concerns all those who somehow confront the questions related to everydayness and the possibility of Dasein to find its truth even in face of the dictatorship of the ‘they’ (das Man). Therefore, the aim of these reflections is to offer a new and introductory perspective that can open a horizon of projects in which we become transparent to ourselves in our resoluteness (Entschlossenheit).

FLIGHT SAFETY – NEW CONCEPTUAL AEROMEDICAL ASPECTS

The authors examined the current conception of flight safety, medical risks management, prevention of accidents due to the human factor, and updated flight safety definition. Health and physiological examinations within the pilot medical certification procedure are, unconditionally, important determinants of flight safety. However, maintenance and realization of key professional qualities confront a number of extra- and intersystem factors that can create some level of risk. Mitigation of these risks and medical risks management should be taken as the basis for preventing aviation accidents caused by the human factor.

Morphological complexity, autonomy, and areality in western Amazonia

This chapter investigates the relationship between morphological complexity and language contact and change across western Amazonia. We explore morphological proliferation in particular domains (nominal classification, tense, evidentiality, and valence-adjusting), and follow this with a more systematic exploration of morphological complexity in relation to wordhood status across a sample of eleven Amazonian languages. We argue that a large percentage of bound morphemes in these languages display ambiguity between morphotactic versus syntactic analyses, suggesting that morphological autonomy is best characterized as a matter of degree, and that different degrees of autonomy may apply on a regional scale. Since many accounts of word-internal morphological complexity implicitly rely on notions of autonomy, Amazonian languages invite a revision of our current conception of this domain.

Post-Islamism Redefined: Towards a politics of post-Islamism

Problematizing Asef Bayat’s notion of “post-Islamism,” this article proposes an alternative definition for the concept, having in mind the case of Iran. The current conception of the term “post-Islamism” may be challenged via a survey of post-revolutionary Islamist movements that resisted the state and as well as Ayatollah’s Khomeini’s concession to the concept maslahat (expediency), through which state expressed preference for modern reason over sharia law. The case of Islamists contesting state power questions the monolithic image of Islamism drawn by Bayat as movements longing to create a state based on the doctrine of velāyat-e faqih. Also Khomeini’s concession to maslahat indicates that the Islamic state must be seen as one of the participants in “post”-Islamist secularizing trends in Iran. Hence, Bayat’s post-Islamism was more of an inevitable political phenomenon adopted by the state itself than a conscious project adopted by Muslim secularist intellectual figures seeking to put an end to Islamism. Unlike Bayat’s post-Islamism, which celebrates the end or a “break” from an Islamist paradigm, this article then invites readers to expose Islamism to post-modern critique, the result of which would not be a negation but rather a revival of Islamism that takes into account the contingencies of the post-modern condition. Similar to post-Marxism and post-anarchism, post-Islamism maintains the ethos of the traditional canon, Islamism in this case, while rejecting its authoritarian and universalist tendencies. A post-Islamist politics has yet to emerge, yet its introductory philosophical foundations have been already developed in the 1990s by figures such as Abdolkarism Soroush and Morteza Avini. Soroush’s post-Islamism, however, ultimately landed in a modernist liberal episteme, hence remained Islamist, while Avini, despite his support for the state, offered a much more radical critique of Islamism while remaining faithful to its ethos.

Digital Transformation and Innovation Explained

Digital transformation is reshaping many areas of work and life within contemporary society. These include healthcare, education, government, politics, law, human rights, and ethical controversies. This chapter addresses the following questions, What is the current conception of digital transformation as an emerging interdisciplinary field of research and study? The objectives of the chapter are twofold: (1) to conceptualize digital transformation as an emerging interdisciplinary field and (2) to identify key research areas that currently constitute digital transformation. The chapter contributes by positing a comprehensive systems definition of digital transformation as an interdisciplinary research field to help guide researchers and other leaders in the field.

Axioms in Frege

Frege’s conception of axioms is an old-fashioned one. According to it, each axiom is a determinate non-linguistic proposition, one with a fixed subject-matter, and with respect to which the notion of a ‘model’ or an ‘interpretation’ makes no sense. As contrasted with the fruitful modern conception of mathematical axioms as collectively providing implicit definitions of structure-types, a conception on which the range of models of a set of axioms is of the essence of those axioms’ significance, Frege’s view is a dinosaur. This essay investigates some of the philosophically-important aspects of that dinosaur, in order to shed light on Frege’s understanding of the foundational role of axioms, and on some of the ways in which our current conception of such axiomatic virtues as independence and categoricity have (and in some cases have not) been informed by a move away from Frege’s understanding of the foundational role of axioms.

La realidad virtual como herramienta comunicacional en el proceso de duelo / Virtual reality as a communication tool in the grieving process

ABSTRACTIn this research work, the authors intend to introduce an approach to the use of virtual reality (VR) technologies, as a tool for the therapeutic treatment of psychological problems and more specifically in the accompaniment of grief. The study is divided into three blocks in which the researchers try to frame the current conception of the term virtual reality, the concept of non-pathological grief and how today's society faces the loss of a loved one and their grieving process. It also addresses how current legislation in the field of data protection, affects the subject of research.RESUMENEn este trabajo de investigación, los autores pretenden introducir una aproximación al uso de las tecnologías de realidad virtual (RV), como herramienta para el tratamiento terapéutico de problemas psicológicos y más concretamente en el acompañamiento de duelo. El estudio se divide en tres bloques en los que los investigadores tratan de enmarcar la concepción actual del término realidad virtual, el concepto del duelo no patológico y cómo la sociedad actual se enfrenta a la pérdida de un ser querido y su proceso de duelo. También se aborda cómo la legislación vigente en el campo de la protección de datos, incide sobre el tema de la investigación.

The Ecuadorian indigenist school of good living (sumak kawsay)

Taking an analytical-descriptive and synthetical approach, this article presents a retrospective construction of the Ecuadorian indigenist school of good living from the current conception of good living as the sumak kawsay currently held by Ecuadorian indigenist intellectuals, assuming that thought on good living evolves within competitive epistemic communities. To that end, the thought on good living of this school has been characterized by nine criteria used in studies of schools of development, the various intellectuals that comprise this school have been identified and grouped into four categories, the institutional and intellectual factors that have contributed to the emergence of this school have been determined, and the main criticisms received and their countercriticism have been summarized.

Arthur Schopenhauer and the Current Conception of the Origin of Species: What Did the Philosopher Anticipate?

Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) was deeply influenced by Plato and conceived each species as an Idea, whose shape is essentially and permanently predetermined. He rejected Lamarck’s proposal of organ’s use/disuse as a source of evolution, but he was close to the orthogenetic movement that developed after his death. The philosopher did not conceive biological individual variability as a source for evolution, mathematical population analysis, and gradual evolution; he even imagined an ultra-rapid saltatory model in “higher forms.” Moreover, he conceived a metaphysically based coupling among all phenomena which resembles the contemporary model of natural drift of evolution. Hence, Schopenhauer did not strictly anticipate Darwin’s model of natural selection. However, he expressed in his own words competition and struggle for life. The philosopher thus anticipated more the orthogenesis and natural drift and less the Darwinian’s mechanisms of evolution than what is generally alleged. His work is a valuable philosophical source in the contemporary search for a new synthesis in evolutionary thought.

One forgotten name, and another misinterpreted, in Lomariocycas (Blechnaceae, Polypodiopsida)

Blechnaceae Newman (1844: 8) is a subcosmopolitan family of leptosporangiate ferns (Polypodiopsida), which comprises around 250 species (Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group 2016). Until recently, most of this diversity fell under one, large genus Blechnum Linnaeus (1753: 1077), but after the accumulation of strong evidence of its non-monophyletic status (Shepherd et al. 2007, Gabriel y Galán et al. 2013, Perrie et al. 2014, Gasper et al. 2017), it was split into several entities. Thus, in its current conception, Blechnaceae is formed by 24 genera (Pteridophte Phylogeny Group 2016).